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Biomedical subjects

Susumu Goto

Publications and source records attributed to Susumu Goto.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Structural variety of membrane permeable peptides.

Peptide-mediated protein delivery into living cells has been attracting our attention. Among the peptides that have been reported to have carrier activity, the one from the human immunodeficient virus (HIV)-1 Tat has been most often used for the introduction of exogenous macromolecules into cells. We have shown that not only the Tat peptide, but also various arginine-rich peptides showed very similar characteristics in translocation, and the possible presence of ubiquitous internalization mechanisms among the arginine-rich peptides has also been suggested. These arginine-rich peptides includes ones derived from HIV-1 Rev and flock house virus coat proteins. The linear- and branched-chain peptides containing approximately 8 residues of arginine also show a similar ability. In this review, we present the structural variety of membrane permeable peptides and provide a survey of the findings on the translocation of these peptides through the cell membranes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis by hybridization protection assay on solid support.

The clinical need for high-throughput typing methods of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been increasing. Conventional methods do not perform well enough in terms of speed and accuracy to process a large number of samples, as in clinical testing. We report a new DNA microarray method that uses hybridization protection assay (HPA) by acridinium-ester-labeled DNA probes. Probes were immobilized on the bottom of streptavidin-coated microtiter plates by streptavidin-biotin binding. We studied aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotyping using two probes, discriminating A/G polymorphism. We also designed four probes to type the Alzheimer's disease-related gene ApoE, which has three genotypes (ApoE2, 3, and 4) determined by two SNP loci (C/T polymorphism). SNP analysis of the ALDH2 gene or the ApoE gene from human genome samples by solid-phase HPA was successful. Unlike other methods, the microarray by HPA does not require a washing step and can be completed within 30min. It also has advantages in discriminating one-base mismatch in targets. These characteristics make it a good candidate for practical SNP analysis of disease-related genes or drug-metabolizing enzymes in large numbers of samples.

Acridines↗
PubMed2002

LIGAND: database of chemical compounds and reactions in biological pathways.

LIGAND is a composite database comprising three sections: COMPOUND for the information about metabolites and other chemical compounds, REACTION for the collection of substrate-product relations representing metabolic and other reactions, and ENZYME for the information about enzyme molecules. The current release (as of September 7, 2001) includes 7298 compounds, 5166 reactions and 3829 enzymes. In addition to the keyword search provided by the DBGET/LinkDB system, a substructure search to the COMPOUND and REACTION sections is now available through the World Wide Web (http://www.genome.ad.jp/ligand/). LIGAND may be also downloaded by anonymous FTP (ftp://ftp.genome.ad.jp/pub/kegg/ligand/).

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The KEGG databases at GenomeNet.

The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) is the primary database resource of the Japanese GenomeNet service (http://www.genome.ad.jp/) for understanding higher order functional meanings and utilities of the cell or the organism from its genome information. KEGG consists of the PATHWAY database for the computerized knowledge on molecular interaction networks such as pathways and complexes, the GENES database for the information about genes and proteins generated by genome sequencing projects, and the LIGAND database for the information about chemical compounds and chemical reactions that are relevant to cellular processes. In addition to these three main databases, limited amounts of experimental data for microarray gene expression profiles and yeast two-hybrid systems are stored in the EXPRESSION and BRITE databases, respectively. Furthermore, a new database, named SSDB, is available for exploring the universe of all protein coding genes in the complete genomes and for identifying functional links and ortholog groups. The data objects in the KEGG databases are all represented as graphs and various computational methods are developed to detect graph features that can be related to biological functions. For example, the correlated clusters are graph similarities which can be used to predict a set of genes coding for a pathway or a complex, as summarized in the ortholog group tables, and the cliques in the SSDB graph are used to annotate genes. The KEGG databases are updated daily and made freely available (http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/).

Animals↗