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Biomedical subjects

Suzann K Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to Suzann K Campbell.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Long-term motor outcomes after parent-administered early physiotherapy in children born very preterm.

OBJECTIVE: This observational follow-up study investigated whether early parent-administered physiotherapy during the neonatal period was associated with motor outcomes in childhood, and compared these outcomes between two preterm groups and a term-born control group. STUDY DESIGN: This is a follow-up of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial that initially included 153 infants born very preterm (≤32 weeks' gestation), randomised to either early parent-administered physiotherapy or standard care, between 34 and 37 weeks' gestation. At 7-10 years, motor outcomes were assessed in 92 children (intervention, n = 43; standard care, n = 49) and in 83 term-born controls. The primary outcome was the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2). Group differences were analysed using linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, and parental education. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for scores ≤5th and ≤ 15th percentiles to estimate the likelihood of having or being at risk for movement difficulties. RESULTS: Mean MABC-2 total score was 9.0 (SD3.0) in the intervention group, 9.6 (SD3.0) in the standard care group, and 10.8 (SD2.9) in the control group. Adjusted mean difference between the intervention and the standard care groups did not differ but both the intervention and standard care groups had lower scores than the control group (-1.2; 95% CI: -2.3 to -0.2 and -0.6; 95% CI: -1.6 to 0.3, respectively). Adjusted ORs for scoring ≤5th or ≤15th percentile did not differ in either preterm group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: At 7-10 years, motor outcomes did not differ between children born very preterm who received three-week parent-administered physiotherapy and those who received standard care during the neonatal period. However, both preterm groups had lower motor scores than term-born peers.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Population-based age standards for interpreting results on the test of motor infant performance.

PURPOSE: The goals of this study were establishment of age standards for the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) and evaluation of possible group differences based on sex, medical risk for poor developmental outcome, and race/ethnicity. SUBJECTS: Subjects were 990 infants with a range of risk for poor outcome from 11 geographic locations across the United States that were recruited to reflect the distribution of race/ethnicity in the US population of low birth weight infants. METHODS: Between 67 and 97 infants were tested in each two-week age range from 34-35 weeks' postconceptional age through 16-17 weeks after term. Boys made up 52% of the subjects. Fifty-eight percent of the sample was white, 25% black, and the remainder were of other ethnicities. Scores for all infants in each age group were averaged to form age expectations for each two-week period. Multiple regression was used to explore the effect on TIMP scores of sex, risk, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Means ranged from 49 (standard deviation = 15) at 34-35 weeks' postconceptional age through 120 (standard deviation = 16) at 16-17 weeks after term. High-risk infants scored significantly lower than other infants (beta = -0.133, P < 0.0001). Latino infants scored lower than infants of all other ethnicities (beta = -0.052, p < 0.006). Performance did not differ by sex. CONCLUSIONS/CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These standards for performance on the TIMP can be used to identify infants with delayed motor development.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

Are models of disability useful in real cases? Pediatric case examples realized in research, clinical practice, and education.

Conceptual models are useful devices for organizing complex material and examining interrelationships among variables. For example, speakers at the 1990 II STEP Conference presented a systems model of motor control, the dynamical systems model as used in studying infant motor development, and the World Health Organization model as a systematic approach to the description of impairments, functional limitations, and disability. The purpose of this perspective is to provide examples of the usefulness of models of disability in organizing research, educational materials, and measurement in clinical practice. The disability model of the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research was used: (1) to design a measurement strategy for assessing effects of spasticity reduction in a child with cerebral palsy, (2) to develop a new assessment of functional motor performance in infants, and (3) as the conceptual framework for a comprehensive reference book for the practice of pediatric physical therapy (the current edition has been reformatted to conform to the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health). Similar models of the dimensions of disability have guided extensive development of tests designed by physical therapists for assessing function and quality of life in children with neurologic conditions.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed2005

Annotated bibliography: effects of sleep position and play position on motor development in early infancy.

The prevalence of prone sleeping has decreased dramatically since the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published sleep position guidelines and launched the Back to Sleep Campaign in 1992. One aspect of the guidelines, which suggests placing infants in the prone position for supervised play time, is often overlooked. This review summarizes published articles related to the effects of sleep/play position on motor development and provides considerations for physical and occupational therapy practice in early infancy. The study results suggested that delays in the attainment of gross motor milestones in the prone position could be observed in infants whose predominant sleep position was supine, but the delays in motor development disappeared later in life. Some studies also found a reverse order of the rolling development. Therapists should educate parents about the less known advised rules of supervised play time in the prone position by the AAP, and include activities in the prone position as part of the home program in early infancy.

Child Development↗
PubMed2004

Examination of the item structure of the Alberta infant motor scale.

PURPOSE: The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is a screening tool for identifying delayed motor development from birth to 18 months of age. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric structure of the AIMS, including the hierarchical scale of items and the precision for measuring infant ability at different ages. METHODS: Ninety-seven infants with varying degrees of risk of developmental disability were recruited from three hospitals or from the community in the Chicago metropolitan area. Infants were tested on the AIMS at three, six, nine, and 12 months of age. The hierarchical structure and the range and distribution of item difficulty on the AIMS were analyzed using Rasch psychometric analysis. RESULTS: The Rasch analysis confirmed that items for each of the four testing positions (supine, prone, sitting, and standing) were arranged in increasing order of difficulty, but a ceiling effect was present. Gaps exist at six ability levels, indicating low precision of measurement for differentiating among infants after about nine months of age. CONCLUSIONS: The AIMS shows a ceiling effect, measures infant ability best from three to nine months of age, and has few items available for discriminating among infants after they pass the controlled lowering through standing item. Clinical impressions should be drawn with caution at ages when the precision of measurement is low.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Longitudinal performance of infants with cerebral palsy on the Test of Infant Motor Performance and on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale.

Understanding the natural history of development in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is important for studying the consequences of early intervention. The purpose of this paper is to present results on the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) from 0-4 months of age and on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) from 3 to 12 months of age in a group of infants later diagnosed as having CP. Ages at which infants with CP were first recognized as having delayed motor performance on each instrument and the stability of performance over time are presented. Clinical implications for using both instruments are discussed.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2002

Validity of the Test of Infant Motor Performance for prediction of 6-, 9- and 12-month scores on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale.

The Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) is a test of functional movement in infants from 32 weeks' post-conceptional age to 4 months postterm. The purpose of this study was to assess in 96 infants (44 females, 52 males) with varying risk, the relation between measures on the TIMP at 7, 30, 60, and 90 days after term age and percentile ranks (PR) on the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Correlation between scores on the TIMP and the AIMS was highest for TIMP tests at 90 days and AIMS testing at 6 months (r=0.67, p=0.0001), but all comparisons were statistically significant except those between the TIMP at 7 days and AIMS PR at 9 months. In a multiple regression analysis combining a perinatal risk score and 7-day TIMP measures to predict 12-month AIMS PR, risk, but not TIMP, predicted outcome (21% of variance explained). At older ages TIMP measures made increasing contributions to prediction of 12-month AIMS PR (30% of variance explained by 90-day TIMP). The best TIMP score to maximize specificity and correctly identify 84% of the infants above versus below the 10th PR at 6 months was a cut-off point of 1 SD below the mean. The same cut-off point correctly identified 88% of the infants at 12 months. A cut-off of -0.5 SD, however, maximized sensitivity at 92%. A negative test result, i.e. score above -0.5 SD at 3 months, carried only a 2% probability of a poor 12-month outcome. We conclude that TIMP scores significantly predict AIMS PR 6 to 12 months later, but the TIMP at 3 months of age has the greatest degree of validity for predicting motor performance on the AIMS at 12 months and can be used clinically to identify infants likely to benefit from intervention.

Ankle↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of two methods for teaching therapists to score the test of infant motor performance.

PURPOSE: This study compared the effectiveness of a CD-ROM self-study program with a workshop and scoring videotapes as methods for learning to score the Test of Infant Motor Performance. METHODS: Twenty-three therapists participated. Subjects in the videotape group (N = 11) were trained by attending a four-hour workshop and scoring 14 training videotapes, whereas subjects in the CD-ROM group (N = 12) used a CD-ROM self-study program. All subjects scored four videotapes for rater reliability analysis after completing the training procedures. Student t tests were used to compare the means of the two groups on three reliability variables (percentage of aberrant ratings, rater consistency, and rater severity) obtained from Rasch analysis and to compare average time spent on learning. RESULTS: Seven therapists (58.3%) in the CD-ROM group and six (54.5%) in the videotape group met the preestablished criteria for achieving satisfactory rater reliability. No statistically significant difference between learning methods was found in percentage of aberrant ratings or rater consistency, but raters in the videotape group were more lenient in scoring than those in the CD-ROM group. The CD-ROM group spent significantly less time learning than the videotape group. CONCLUSIONS: Therapists can learn how to score the Test of Infant Motor Performance by using the CD-ROM self-study program in about half the time and with similar reliability when compared with a workshop and videotape practice training procedure. About 40% of therapists will need more training to attain acceptable rater reliability.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Development of a functional movement scale for infants.

The increasing survival rate of infants with a complicated birth and perinatal history generated the need for a test of functional motor performance with the capability of identifying children under four months of age with delayed development which could be addressed with physical therapy. This paper describes a Rasch analysis of the psychometric qualities of the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) for the purpose of reducing the length of the test while maintaining its precision as a measurement device. Following analysis of fit statistics, item-to-total correlations, redundancy of item difficulty measures, and consideration of clinically-relevant features of test items from analysis of 1732 tests, the TIMP was reduced from 59 to 42 items forming a functional motor scale for prematurely born infants. The resulting person separation index was 4.85 and the item separation index was 23.79.

Developmental Disabilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of test of infant motor performance (TIMP) item responses among children with cerebral palsy, developmental delay, and typical development.

Impairment of children's motor performance might limit participation in family and community life. Therefore, identification of motor impairments is important in support of early intervention to prevent limitations in children's occupational performance. The purpose of this paper is to examine item performance on the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) in a group of infants later diagnosed as having cerebral palsy (CP), developmental delay, or typical development. Particularly, we aimed to determine if specific TIMP items have a strong relationship at particular ages with the presence of a later diagnosis of CP. Exploratory graphic representation and Rasch differential item analysis were employed to investigate each individual TIMP item's behavior in discriminating among children with different outcomes. Items discriminating among the three outcome groups included: hand to mouth, neck control, rolling, and pull to sit items, particularly at ages term, 9 weeks, and 12-13 weeks corrected age. Children with CP presented "advanced" performance in items using extension patterns and slow development or regression in items requiring antigravity and balanced used of flexion-extension patterns of muscle activity.

Cerebral Palsy↗