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Biomedical subjects

T A Glass

Publications and source records attributed to T A Glass.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Change in productive activity in late adulthood: MacArthur studies of successful aging.

Both cross-sectional comparisons and patterns of change in productive activities among members of the MacArthur Successful Aging cohort were examined. The data came from a three-site longitudinal study of community-dwelling adults aged 70-79. The highest functioning cohort (n = 1,192) was found to be significantly more productive than a comparison group of medium- and low-functioning respondents at baseline in four of five domains examined. In longitudinal models, we tested several hypotheses regarding the determinants of change in levels of productive activity over a three-year period. Overall, 15.1 percent (n = 162) of the cohort became less productive, while another 12.7 percent (n = 136) became more productive. Risk factors for decline in productivity included hospital admission and stroke. Age, functional disability, marriage, and increased mastery were protective against declines. Conversely, Blacks, those who were more satisfied with life at baseline, and those reporting increased mastery were more likely to increase their productivity.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

The effects of negative life events on alcohol consumption among older men and women.

We examined the effect of selected negative life events on changes in alcohol consumption in a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling persons 65 years of age and older. Using the Tension Reduction Hypothesis (TRH) as a framework, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to negative life events leads to increased alcohol consumption at follow-up (1985) after controlling for baseline alcohol consumption (1982) and covariates found to be associated with alcohol use. In addition, we modeled the interaction between exposure to events and baseline alcohol consumption. Among men, four of the eleven events tested were associated with higher alcohol consumption but only as interaction effects. Another two events were associated with decreased alcohol consumption. Among women, four significant interaction effects and two main effects were found in the expected direction. Two additional events were found to be associated with decreased drinking at follow-up. In general, alcohol consumption declined in the aggregate over the three-year period. Implications for the TRH are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

The quality and quantity of social support: stroke recovery as psycho-social transition.

The impact of various types and amounts of social support is examined in the context of recovery from first stroke. We conceptualize the rehabilitation process as a psychosocial transition. In a longitudinal design, 44 patients were followed for 6 months following first stroke. Growth-curve analysis (repeated measures MANOVA) was utilized to examine the impact of three types of social support on changes in functional status during recovery. While all three types of support (emotional, instrumental and informational) were shown to be significantly related to recovery of functional capacity, substantial differences were found in the nature of those effects. The impact of social support does not appear during the first month of rehabilitation, indicating the importance of longitudinal designs and longer observation. Patients reporting high level of emotional support showed dramatic improvement despite having the lowest baseline functional status. Instrumental support is most closely related to positive outcomes when provided in moderate amounts. Unlike the other two types, the effect of informational support is mediated by disease severity.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Calcified thrombus of the inferior vena cava in transposition of the great vessels.

Calcified thrombus of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in children is an entity usually not associated with significant complications. The possibility of pulmonary embolism from the soft thrombus, however, has been suggested but never reported. We give an account of a child with transposition of the great vessels who suffered embolization from a calcified thrombus in the IVC that entered the systemic circulation.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1985

Mirror-image right aortic arch: a proposed mechanism in symptomatic vascular ring.

We describe a rare case of right aortic arch with mirror-image branching and a left ductus arteriosus that form an anomalous vascular ring. The unusual feature of this symptomatic vascular ring is presence of a left (posterior) circumflex descending aorta in lieu of an aortic diverticulum which usually represents the posterior element of the vascular ring associated with right aortic arch and mirror-image branching. This we believe is the seventh reported case of Type 1 right aortic arch and only the third such case with a left circumflex descending aorta. Accurate diagnosis was made by barium esophagogram and angiocardiogram and was confirmed surgically. We propose a new theory as to why some vascular rings formed by the right aortic arch are symptomatic while others are not.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1984

Intrarenal aneurysm of the renal artery in children.

Two children with hypertension had intrarenal aneurysms in the renal artery. In both children, renovascular hypertension was documented by renal vein renin assay showing elevated renin secretion from the involved kidney and suppression of renin secretion from the contralateral kidney. Transcatheter embolization of a segmental artery cured the hypertension in one case. A nephrectomy performed in the other case, because of multiple intrarenal aneurysms, was curative. Intrarenal renal artery aneurysms are an uncommon cause of renovascular hypertension in children. The aneurysms may be mycotic or congenital in origin, or secondary to diffuse vasculitis. Although spontaneous resolution of the aneurysms may occur when due to vasculitis, treatment of most aneurysms is usually necessary. Transcatheter embolization of solitary aneurysms is an attractive alternative to partial nephrectomy, since it allows maximal preservation of renal parenchyma with minimal morbidity.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1984

Single versus biplane right and left ventricular volumetry: a cast and clinical study.

True volume (y) and measured volume (x) determined from 23 right and 22 left normal human casts in four biplane angiographic positions and in their eight single-plane components were used to find the correction factor (b) by regression through the origin (y = bx). The correction factors were applied to human studies to assess the validity of the various biplane and single-plane modalities in vivo. The casts studies yield excellent correlations in both right and left biplane methods (right volumetry: 0.555 less than or equal to b less than or equal to 0.708, 0.917 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.954, 4.10 less than or equal to SEE less than or equal to 6.01 left volumetry: 0.748 less than or equal to b less than or equal to 0.825, 0.974 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.982, 4.81 less than or equal to SEE 5.79). Good results were obtained with single-plane volumetries as well (right volumetry: 0.316 less than or equal to b less than or equal to 0.887, 0.750 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.917, 10.75 less than or equal to SEE less than or equal to 18.96; left volumetry: 0.728 less than or equal to b less than or equal to 0.881, 0.897 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.976 5.73 less than or equal to SEE less than or equal to 11.97). The correction factors for the single-plane studies depend much more strongly on the spatial position relative to the radiographic system, particularly in the case of the right ventricular volumes. Thus, the application of the appropriate correction factors is mandatory. The human studies (141 left and 60 right volumetric studies in various single-plane and biplane projections) showed a larger scatter of single-plane values, more pronounced for the right ventricle. In certain disease conditions, single plane volumetric studies using cast-derived correction factors cannot be used to obtain meaningful results. Correction factors for the following single or biplane mode volumetry are presented for the first time: biplane hepatoclavicular view (right and left ventricle), biplane long axial oblique view (right ventricle), and their single-plane components; lateral and 60 degree Left Anterior Oblique (LAO) single plane for the left-sided measurements, Postero-Anterior (PA), lateral, and 60 degree LAO for the single-plane right-sided calculations.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomographic features of round atelectasis.

Computed tomography (CT) of the chest is often variable in the evaluation of pulmonary masses. Our case demonstrated characteristic findings on CT that aided in the diagnosis of round atelectasis.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1983

Posttraumatic osteolysis of the clavicle.

Posttraumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle should be considered when continued pain follows trauma. The osteolysis and accompanying symptoms can be partially alleviated by immobilization of the shoulder joint. The pathology is poorly understood, but synovial hyperplasia appears to play an integral part in the resorptive process.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1983

Giant-cell reparative granuloma of the hands and feet.

Giant-cell reparative granuloma occurring outside the jaw is unusual, being seen predominantly in the tubular bones of the hands and feet. It produces a lucent, expansile lesion in the metacarpals, metatarsals, or phalanges. The authors describe the radiographic and pathological features of 5 cases and review the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: the treatment of choice for renovascular hypertension due to fibromuscular dysplasia.

Twenty-three renal artery stenoses in 21 hypertensive patients, caused by fibromuscular dysplasia, were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Follow-up over a period of 1 to 30 months, including angiography, renal vein renin assay, and radionuclide flow studies, was performed in 8 patients, each with one stenosis. Dilatation was initially successful in all cases and was successfully repeated in 1 case. The mean systolic pressure decreased by 61.81 mm Hg and the mean diastolic pressure by 36.28 mm Hg in response to treatment. Thirteen patients were cured, 8 were felt to have better control of blood pressure on medication, and there was no failures. This study demonstrates that PTA is a clinically effective method of treating renovascular hypertension due to fibromuscular dysplasia.

Adult↗