Biomedical subjects

T A Royer

Publications and source records attributed to T A Royer.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Economic evaluation of the effects of planting date and application rate of imidacloprid for management of cereal aphids and barley yellow dwarf in winter wheat.

The effects of planting date and application rate of imidacloprid for control of Schizaphis graminum Rondani, Rhopalosiphum padi L. (Homoptera: Aphididae), and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in hard red winter wheat were studied. The first experiment was conducted from 1997 to 1999 at two locations and consisted of three planting dates and four rates of imidacloprid-treated seed. The second experiment was conducted from 2001 to 2002 in Stillwater, OK, and consisted of two varieties of hard red winter wheat seed and four rates of imidacloprid. Aphid densities, occurrence of BYDV, yield components, and final grain yield were measured, and yield differences were used to estimate the economic return obtained from using imidacloprid. In the first study, aphid populations responded to insecticide rate in the early and middle plantings, but the response was reduced in the late planting. Yields increased as insecticide rate increased but did not always result in a positive economic return. In the second study, imidacloprid seed treatments reduced aphid numbers and BYD occurrence, protected yield, and resulted in a positive economic return. The presence of aphids and BYDV lowered yield by reducing fertile head density, total kernel weight, and test weight. Whereas the application of imidacloprid seed treatments often provided positive yield protection, it did not did not consistently provide a positive economic return. A positive economic return was consistently obtained if the cereal aphid was carrying and transmitting BYDV and was more likely to occur if wheat was treated with a low rate if imidacloprid and planted in a "dual purpose" planting date window.

Agriculture↗

PubMed2003

Fixed precision sequential sampling plans for the greenbug and bird cherry-oat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in winter wheat.

The numbers of greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and bird cherry-oat aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi L., per wheat tiller (stem) were estimated in 189 production winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields located throughout Oklahoma. Taylor's power law regressions were calculated from these data and used to construct fixed precision sequential sampling schemes for each species. An evaluation data set was constructed from 240 samples taken during three growing seasons from winter wheat fields at four locations in Oklahoma. Wheat cultivar and growth stage were recorded for each field on the day of sampling. Taylor's power law parameters for evaluation fields differed significantly for both species among growing seasons, locations, and plant growth stages. Median precision achieved using the fixed precision sequential sampling schemes for each species departed <20% from expected precision over the range population intensity in the evaluation data. For the 10% of samples with greatest deviation between observed and expected precision, observed precision was 13.8-81.8% greater than that expected precision depending on aphid species and population intensity. For the greenbug, the distribution of the percentage deviation between observed and expected precision was positively skewed, so that the sampling scheme tended to over-predict precision. For the bird cherry-oat aphid, the distribution was more symmetric. Even though precision observed using the sampling schemes frequently varied from expected precision, because of the inevitable consequence of sampling error and environmental variation, the sampling schemes yielded median observed precision levels close to expected precision levels over a broad range of population intensity.

Agriculture↗

PubMed2002

Effect of greenbugs (Homoptera: Aphididae) on yield loss of winter wheat.

The effect of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), feeding on the yield of four winter wheat cultivars commonly grown in Oklahoma was studied. Cultivars tested were 'Karl', a recent derivative 'Karl-92', and '2163', all greenbug-susceptible cultivars; and 'TAM-110', a cultivar with resistance to biotype E greenbugs. The objectives were to determine the effect of different greenbug densities during fall and spring on yield of winter wheat, and to develop mathematical models to quantify the effect of greenbugs on yield loss. The intensity of greenbug infestations achieved in plots by artificial infestation varied among years and growing seasons within a year, but was generally sufficient to cause a reduction in yield. Among yield components, the number of heads per square meter and the number of seeds per head were frequently negatively correlated with the accumulated number of greenbug-days per tiller. Seed weight was rarely affected by greenbug infestation. A regression model estimated yield loss for greenbug-susceptible cultivars at 0.51 kg/ha loss of yield per greenbug-day in years with near normal precipitation, and a loss of 1.17 kg/ha under severe drought conditions. The susceptible winter wheat cultivars exhibited similar yield loss in relation to the intensity of greenbug infestation, as indicated by a common slope parameter in the regression model. Results suggest that the model is robust for predicting yield loss for susceptible cultivars.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Development and validation of a binomial sequential sampling plan for the greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) infesting winter wheat in the southern plains.

From 1997 to 1999, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), intensity (number per tiller) was estimated on 115 occasions from hard red winter wheat fields located throughout the major wheat growing regions of Oklahoma. A total of 32 and 83 fields was sampled during the fall and spring, respectively. The parameters of linear regressions relating the mean number of greenbugs per tiller (m) and the proportion of infested tillers (PT) differed significantly between fall and spring infestations. The PT-m linear model provided a good fit for data on S. graminum for fall and spring infestations at tally thresholds of 0, 1, 2, and 3. A tally threshold (T) represents the number of greenbugs present on a tiller before the tiller is classified as infested by >T greenbugs. A regression model with a tally threshold of 2 was the most precise for classifying S. graminum populations during fall growth of winter wheat because it explained a greater amount of the variation in the PT-m relationship (97%) than models with other tally thresholds. A separate spring model with a tally threshold of 1 was the most precise for classifying S. graminum populations during spring growth of winter wheat. Sequential sampling stop lines based on sequential probability ratio tests were calculated for economic thresholds of 3 or 6 greenbugs per tiller for fall infestations and 6 or 9 greenbugs per tiller for spring infestations. With the newly developed parameters, the average sample number required to classify greenbug populations near economic thresholds (as above or below the economic threshold) varied from 69 to 207. We expect that the sampling plans for greenbugs in winter wheat developed during this study will be efficient and useful tools for consultants and producers in the southern plains.

Animals↗