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Biomedical subjects

T Adam

Publications and source records attributed to T Adam.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

CT and MRI: prognostic tools in patients with AIDS and neurological deficits.

To determine the prognostic value of CT and MRI in AIDS we studied the survival of patients with neurological involvement, in relation to the initial imaging results. Twenty-six initial CT and 15 MRI examinations of 41 patients were reviewed for the presence of cerebral atrophy and/or focal lesions. The mean survival time of patients with initially normal imaging was longer (700 +/- 89 days) than that of patients with isolated cerebral atrophy (326 +/- 65) or isolated focal lesions (202 +/- 97). The shortest survival (78 +/- 44 days) was found in patients with both cerebral atrophy and focal lesions. The risk of death in patients with atrophy alone was 3.6 times higher, that in patients with focal lesions alone 6.4 times higher, and in patients with both changes 19.3 times higher than in patients with initially normal imaging. Cerebral imaging with CT and/or MRI thus allows identification of AIDS-related cerebral changes and may contribute to assessment of prognosis.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1991

A phase-I study of repeated therapy with radiolabelled antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen using intermittent or continuous administration of cyclosporin A to suppress the immune response.

The anti-mouse antibody response was examined in patients receiving repeated i.v. therapy with radiolabelled mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): 131I anti-CEA was given approximately every 2 weeks with cyclosporin A, to suppress the anti-mouse antibody response. Two schedules of cyclosporin A--intermittent therapy for 6 days with each course of anti-CEA and continuous therapy--were compared. Suppression of the immune response in the intermittent high-dose (3 patients) and continuous low-dose groups (4 patients) was equivalent, but the latter regimen was less toxic. Repeated therapy led to the formation of small amounts of anti-mouse antibody, but provided that cyclosporin A was continued it did not prevent further therapy or lead to an increase in the rate of clearance of anti-CEA from blood. Without cyclosporin A no more than 2 courses of antibody therapy could be given. Patients received up to 4 doses of 131I anti-CEA. The nadir platelet count was related to the half-life of 131I anti-CEA in blood. Thrombocytopenia limited the amount of 131I anti-CEA that could be given and determined the interval between treatments. Effective suppression of the anti-antibody response is possible and this study has determined that myelosuppression is the principal obstacle to repeated therapy with radiolabelled antibody.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effect of radiosensitizers on radio-immunotherapy, using 131I-labelled anti-CEA antibodies in a human colonic xenograft model.

Anti-CEA antibodies were used for radio-immunotherapy in an established LS174T colonic xenograft in nude mice. A single IV dose of either 131I-PK4S (polyclonal) or -A5B7 (monoclonal) antibody produced tumour regression, and significantly delayed subsequent tumour growth. Administration of a clearing second antibody, 24 hr post 131I-PK4S and at 5 times the dose, significantly reduced the therapeutic effect of radio-antibody alone. Tumours of mice given non-specific antibody or unlabelled anti-CEA antibody grew like those of untreated controls. In an attempt to enhance therapy without increasing dose, radiosensitizers normally employed with external beam radiation were used in combination therapy. When the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer misonidazole was combined with 131I-A5B7, it significantly prolonged tumour-growth inhibition over radio-antibody alone. Conversely, the therapeutic effect of either radio-antibody was significantly reduced when used in combination with the halogenated pyrimidine radiosensitizer 5-iododeoxyuridine. Neither sensitizer alone affected tumour growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi isolates from various sources.

A total of 17 B. burgdorferi isolates from various sources were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins, restriction enzyme analysis, Southern hybridization with probes complementary to unique regions of evolutionarily conserved genes (16S rRNA and fla), and direct sequencing of in vitro polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments of the 16S rRNA gene. Three groups were distinguished on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic traits, the latter traced to the nucleotide sequence level.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1991

[An evaluation of the first two years of activity at the in vitro fertilization center in the +Notre Dame Clinic in Charleroi+(Belgium)].

An in vitro fertilisation unit has been working since the 1 st May 1988 in the Notre-Dame Clinic in Charleroi in the Beligium province of Hainaut. This work analyses the practice and results of the first two years activity in which 185 oocytes retrievals were carried out. The account not only deals with the results (according to 8 criteria for evaluation) but also on the factors that modify these results (9 parameters). It is scientific tools that makes it possible to analyse objectively and precisely, the factors leading to success or failure in our technique. The results are compared with those in the literature and in the French national enquiries (these do not exist in Belgium) show that even in modest conditions (2 gynaecologists and a biologist who have other duties) it is possible to carry out in the first year 62 and in the second year 123 oocyte recoveries. The scrupulous attention to technical details in this university centre of reference made it possible from the beginning to achieve worthwhile results (21% pregnancies for all recoveries and 32% pregnancies for all embryo transfers).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Serial measurements of Ca antigen in sera from patients with advanced malignant breast disease.

Ca antigen levels in serum samples from three groups of patients were assayed. From a survey of 173 patients with various malignancies, elevated levels were found most consistently in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Spearman rank correlation values of Ca and CEA values on individual serum samples, 0.3009, (n = 194), or individual and serial samples, 0.2406, (n = 264) from a total 194 patients with metastatic breast cancer showed that correlation between Ca and CEA values was poor. For a group of 20 patients within the 194, from whom fortnightly serial samples were available, serum levels for 10/20, measured retrospectively, corroborated clinical observations on the course of their disease, although only 4/20 showed marked elevations during active disease. No correlations between expression of the tumour marker and histological type of the primary tumour, age of the patient, site of recurrence nor aberrant elevation in response to cytotoxic drug could be found to explain the non-correspondence of marker behaviour and disease status in the remaining 10 patients. The indications from this small study are that serial Ca antigen serum measurement could be misleading in 50% of patients with metastatic breast cancer, and that the assay is unsuitable for follow-up of patients with breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cognitive deficit or cognitive distortion in childhood depression.

Three studies were conducted to evaluate cognitive disturbance and depression in children. In Study I, 47 sixth-grade children, including 17 who received a DSM-III diagnosis of depression, and their parents were independently interviewed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, and they completed the Parent-Child Depression Inventory. Children completed the Children's Depression Inventory, the Matching Familiar Figures Test, and the My Standards Questionnaire. Results of Study I were consistent across raters and measures: Depression was associated with a negative style of processing self-evaluative information, while being unrelated to a processing deficit. A second study was initiated to replicate the results of Study 1 and to extend them to a wider age range of children. Thirty-eight third-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade children, half of whom were depressed and half of whom indicated a minimum of depressive symptomatology on the Children's Depression Inventory, completed the Matching Familiar Figures Test and the My Standards Questionnaire. Results were very similar to those found in Study 1. A third study was conducted to test whether the self-perceptions of depressed children were accurately negative or negatively distorted, as judged against their teachers' observations of them. Results supported the hypothesis that depressed children exhibit a distorted style of processing self-evaluative information. The implications of the results for theory and treatment were discussed.

Attention↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of CSF flow using an interferrographic MR technique based on the rare-fast imaging sequence.

A fast MR sequence based on the RARE-myelographic technique allows the determination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow with a flow sensitivity below 1 mm/sec. The method averages flow over the ECG cycle and consequently measures net flow rather than ECG-dependent flow variations. The noninvasivity of this technique and the very short acquisition time of about 5 sec make this sequence a very useful diagnostic tool for a variety of CSF-flow dependent disorders like the determination of different types of hydrocephalus, the control of shunt operations and the assessment of communication pathways between CSF and cysts.

Arachnoid Cysts↗
PubMed1990

Effects of growth phase and antibiotics on quantitative DNA/RNA hybridization.

Synthetic probes complementary to ribosomal RNA are increasingly used in the detection of bacteria. Many applications, however, require the quantitation of bacteria. We therefore tested the influence of growth phase and representative antibiotics (ampicillin, chloramphenicol and gentamycin) on the outcome of DNA/RNA filter hybridization using radiolabelled probes and a multisample digital autoradiograph for quantitative monitoring. Hybridization efficiency seemed influenced by the binding capacity of the membrane, availability of target molecules and physiological growth control. For chloramphenicol the absolute hybridization signal remained constant over the experimental period. Only a slight decrease was found in experiments with gentamycin whereas viable counts dropped 10,000-fold. For ampicillin a decrease in viable counts was paralleled by diminishing signal strengths. Relative signal strengths (counts per viable cell) increased in all experiments with antibiotics. In conclusion; (i) RNA probes seem to detect bacteria even after onset of antimicrobial therapy; (ii) DNA/RNA filter hybridization appears not suitable for accurate quantitation of bacteria.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

Antibody distribution and dosimetry in patients receiving radiolabelled antibody therapy for colorectal cancer.

The distribution of iodine-131 (131I) labelled antibody to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been studied in 16 patients with colorectal cancer. Levels of tumour and normal tissue radioactivity were measured by serial gamma-camera imaging and counting of blood and urine. Maximum concentrations were found in tumour 8 h after administration and varied up to 9-fold in different patients. Higher levels were found on average in tumour than in any other tissue. Liver, lung and blood were the other tissues in which antibody was concentrated relative to the rest of the body. Antibody cleared from all these tissues over 1 week. Second antibody directed against the antitumour (first) antibody was given 24 h after first antibody in order to accelerate clearance from the blood. This increased the tumour to blood ratio but had little effect on other tissues. Cumulative radiation dose to tumour and normal tissue was estimated. In patients with the most efficient localisation the tumour to body ratio was 20:1 and tumour to blood ratio 5:1. This may be sufficient for effective therapy of cancer in patients selected for efficient antibody localisation. The data may be used to estimate the effect of different therapeutic strategies. For instance, in the time after second antibody administration the average tumour to blood ratio of radiation dose was 11:1, suggesting that two phase systems in which the therapeutic modality is given after a good tumour to normal tissue ratio is obtained may be effective for the majority of patients.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1989

Radioiodination for therapy.

A method for the radioiodination of antibodies for therapy is described. The method resulted in a high efficiency of labelling (88-94%) with negligible damage to the antibody. Good localisation of labelled antibody was demonstrated. Doses of radiation to operators were very low.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

[Unusual manifestations of echinococcosis].

Hydatid disease is mostly located in the liver. It then has a characteristic appearance allowing a definite diagnosis by means of ultrasound and/or CT examination. Isolated extrahepatic infestation is much less common. We report a number of cases of hydatid cysts in the tail of the pancreas, the adrenal, the spleen, and in bones and muscles. With reference to these examples we discuss the potential usefulness of radiological examination for the diagnosis and also its limitations and the pitfalls that may be encountered.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Traumatic lesions of the optic, oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves--computer tomographic findings.

Traumatic lesions of the oculomotor and optic nerves are usually associated with multiple injuries which pose difficulties for radiological examination. In 54 patients with functional disturbances of the optic, oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nerve following severe multiple injuries, the initial computer tomographic examination was unable to document conclusively direct nerve damage. Indirect signs of nerve damage in the form of orbital and midface fractures were often found in the presence of optic and oculomotor nerve impairments, but seldom in the case of abducens nerve deficits. The causes of trochlear pareses could not be established. Thus, CT can only provide indirect evidence of injuries to the optic and oculomotor nerves. The nerve damage itself can only be demonstrated in a target examination made after the patient's condition has stabilized.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of 16S rRNA sequences from the family Pasteurellaceae: phylogenetic relatedness by cluster analysis.

The taxonomy of the family Pasteurellaceae has remained controversial despite investigations of biochemistry, serology, and nucleic acid relatedness. In an attempt to resolve some of this confusion, we have partially sequenced the 16S rRNAs of seven members of the family, representing all three genera. The sequences were aligned, similarity scores calculated, and single, average and complete linkage cluster analysis of the resulting distance matrix performed. In this way, an evolutionary branching pattern of these closely related species was reconstructed, and the approximate phylogenetic position of the family determined. Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans clustered with Haemophilus instead of Actinobacillus, supporting transfer of this species to the genus Haemophilus. Thus cluster analysis of phylogenetic relatedness was found to be particularly useful for studying closely related organisms, and could be performed using a microcomputer.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1988

[The beneficial effects of short-term administration of a LHRH agonist (buserelin) in in vitro fertilization].

We have assessed the beneficial effects of administering a short course of an agonist of LHRH (Buserelin) in vitro fertilisation. 274 cycles were treated with CC-HMG, 159 were treated with HMG alone and 253 by Buserelin-HMG. These were compared retrospectively. The use of a short course of Buserelin lowered significantly the rate of failed treated cycles (7% instead of 19% when it was used with CC-HMG and 27% when used with HMG). This made it possible to administer hCG in all cases in the programme (100% as against 69% and 89% respectively for CC-HMG and HMG without Buserelin), and increase significantly the number of oocytes that could be recovered and the number of embryos available for transfer. The overall number of pregnancies per cycle treated is significantly raised when Buserelin is used with HMG (20.4% as against 13.5% for CC-HMG and HMG). The number of pregnancies that progressed, on the other hand, was similar when the cycle was stimulated with HMG alone (10.6%) or with Buserelin-HMG (10.6%).

Buserelin↗
PubMed1986

Distribution of intact and Fab2(1) fragments of anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin antibodies in nude mice bearing human choriocarcinoma xenografts.

A direct comparative study of the distribution of intact and Fab2(1) fragments of mouse monoclonal anti-human chorionic gonadotrophin antibody, W14A, in nude mice bearing a human choriocarcinoma xenograft, indicates that the tumour:blood ratio is generally improved with fragments. Some parameters which may determine the distribution are outlined.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Borrelia-induced meningoradiculitis--two different forms of the disease.

The pattern of CSF cytological findings in the acute stage and after 10 days of antibiotic and steroid treatment was examined in 14 patients with meningoradiculitis due to an arthropode-transmitted infection with Borrelia duttoni (burgdorferi). At the acute onset of neurological symptoms, 12 patients revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis (cell count 50-500 X 10(6) cells/l) with numerous plasma cells (5-12% of the total cell count) and neutrophilic granulocytes (0.2-3.4%). 10-14 days after the onset of penicillin infusion and steroid treatment, cell count was reduced by at least 50% in 8 patients. Plasma cells then varied between 2 and 8%, whereas the neutrophilic granulocytes had disappeared. Two patients with slowly progressive neurological symptoms had a normal cell count, and inflammatory changes in CSF cytology were not observed.

Borrelia Infections↗