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Biomedical subjects

T Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to T Anderson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

UV exposure reduces immunization rates and promotes tolerance to epicutaneous antigens in humans: relationship to dose, CD1a-DR+ epidermal macrophage induction, and Langerhans cell depletion.

Increasing UVB radiation at the earth's surface might have adverse effects on in vivo immunologic responses in humans. We prospectively randomized subjects to test whether epicutaneous immunization is altered by prior administration of biologically equalized doses of UV radiation. Multiple doses of antigens on upper inner arm skin (UV protected) were used to elicit contact sensitivity responses, which were quantitated by measuring increases in skin thickness. If a dose of UVB sufficient to induce redness (erythemagenic) was administered to the immunization site prior to sensitization with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), we noted a marked reduction in the degree of sensitization (P less than 0.0006) that was highly dose responsive (r = 0.98). Even suberythemagenic UV (less than a visible sunburn) resulted in a decreased frequency of strongly positive responses (32%) as compared to controls (73%) (P = 0.019). The rate of immunologic tolerance to DNCB (active suppression of a subsequent repeat immunization) in the groups that were initially sensitized on skin receiving erythemagenic doses of UV was 31% (P = 0.0003). In addition, a localized moderate sunburn appeared to modulate immunization with diphenylcyclopropenone through a distant, unirradiated site (41% weak responses) as compared to the control group (9%) (P = 0.05). Monitoring antigen presenting cell content in the epidermis revealed that erythemagenic regimens induced CD1a-DR+ macrophages and depleted Langerhans cells. In conclusion, relevant and even subclinical levels of UV exposure have significant down modulatory effects on the ability of humans to generate a T-cell-mediated response to antigens introduced through irradiated skin.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1992

Inefficacy of extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: preliminary results.

Because extracorporeal photopheresis has been shown to be clinically effective in Sezary syndrome, a disease characterized by a circulating malignant clone, we initiated a pilot study of its use in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) to see if it could be similarly effective. We treated three patients with Rai stage III and IV B-CLL with photopheresis (3 consecutive days a week every 3 weeks) and followed serial clinical and immunologic parameters. While we noted no major toxicity, there was neither clinical response to treatment nor marked improvement in white counts or mitogen assays. We conclude that photopheresis was not effective in inducing remission in this pilot study of advanced stage B-CLL patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Medieval example of metastatic carcinoma: a dry bone, radiological, and SEM study.

An elderly male skeleton from medieval Canterbury displayed evidence of DISH and metastatic carcinoma. The dry bone findings, SEM, and radiography suggest a primary focus in the prostate. A review of the palaeopathological literature has shown that such a finding is extremely rare in archaeological remains. This is the first reported case of prostatic carcinoma from medieval England.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Immature teratoma of the ovary--an unusual case.

A 30-year-old female was found to have a malignant immature teratoma of the ovary 14 years ago. This was treated with surgery followed by chemotherapy. Two years later, hepatic metastasis was discovered and treated with different multiple-agent chemotherapy, resulting in transformation or evolution into a mature teratoma form of disease. Twelve years later, this disease underwent malignant degeneration and transformed into a metastatic adenocarcinoma. This case report illustrates that malignant ovarian immature teratoma, teratocarcinoma, like its testicular counterpart, can evolve or differentiate into an apparently benign form of disease, but ultimately leads to death due to subsequent malignant transformation into new forms of malignancy arising from any of the three primordial germ cell layers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Experience with rigid fixation of mandibular fractures and immediate function.

The results of using rigid fixation for 75 mandibular fractures in 52 patients and allowing immediate function were retrospectively analyzed. Sixteen percent of fractures developed postoperative infection. All infections were in fractures associated with teeth; none occurred in fractures fixed within 24 hours of injury. Angle and posterior body fractures were most likely to become infected. Fractures with improperly applied rigid fixation also were subject to a high infection rate. It was unusual for infection involving this type of treatment to prolong the course of therapy or affect the final outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Use of ciprofloxacin in an infant with ventriculitis.

Ciprofloxacin was used successfully in a neonate with ventriculitis caused by a multiply resistant strain of Enterobacter cloacae. Limited pharmacokinetic data indicated that adequate concentrations of drug could be attained in cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebral Ventricles↗
PubMed1992

Periocular lymphoproliferative diseases: natural history, prognostic factors, and treatment.

A study was undertaken to assess the natural history of periocular lymphoproliferative diseases, identify key prognostic factors, and clarify the role of orbital irradiation. Thirty-four patients with periocular lymphoproliferative disease were treated with orbital irradiation between 1975 and 1990. Eight patients had atypical lymphoid infiltrate, and 26 had malignant lymphoma. Forty-three eyes were irradiated with en-face electrons or 6-MV photons. Five-year disease-free survival for all stages was 65%; it was not significantly affected by bilaterality or site. Stage, distinction between atypical lymphoid infiltrate and malignant lymphoma, and working formulation grade were important prognostic indicators. A complete response during irradiation was achieved in 24 of 43 (56%) eyes at a median dose of 2,400 cGy, and a partial response was achieved in 19 (44%), with resolution at a median of 2.8 months. Patients with periocular reactive lymphoid hyperplasia or atypical lymphoid infiltrate may have or are at significant risk of developing lymphoma and dissemination. Local treatment remains important; orbital irradiation achieves prompt local control with acceptable morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Physiological response to water aerobics.

Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) measured during water aerobics (WA) were compared to maximal values obtained during an incremental treadmill test to assess the energy demand and potential cardiorespiratory (CR) training effects of WA. Sixteen college-age females served as subjects (mean +/- SD = 20.4 +/- 1.6 years). WA elicited a mean HR of 162 b.min-1 and a mean VO2 of 18.4 ml.kg-1.min-1 which represented 74% of HR reserve, 82% of maximal HR, and 48% of VO2 max. Average caloric expenditure was 5.7 kcal.min-1. HR values for WA were consistent with guidelines established by the American College of Sports Medicine for developing and maintaining CR fitness in healthy adults. However, the VO2 fell just below the recommended minimum threshold level. It was concluded that WA may provide an attractive alternative to traditional modes of exercise for improving CR fitness, however, HR measures may overestimate the metabolic intensity of the exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The B lymphocyte adhesion molecule CD22 interacts with leukocyte common antigen CD45RO on T cells and alpha 2-6 sialyltransferase, CD75, on B cells.

Functional maturation of B lymphocytes correlates with expression of the B lineage-specific cell surface glycoprotein CD22. Two CD22 polypeptides have been characterized and suggested to play a role in B cell-B cell interaction as well as in B cell adhesion to monocytes. In this work we provide evidence that CD22 is directly involved in the cognate interaction between B and T cells. One of the two CD22 polypeptides, CD22 beta, interacts with a specific ligand on a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that the T cell ligand of CD22 is CD45RO, an isoform of the leukocyte common antigen class of phosphotyrosine phosphatases associated with the helper T cell phenotype. We further demonstrate that CD22 recognizes a second ligand, CD75, expressed predominantly on activated B cells and shown to be a cell surface alpha 2-6 sialyltransferase.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Bradycardia, altered thermographic patterns, and dysphonia associated with cervical laxity in an Ankole-Watusi bull.

A native African bull was examined for ataxia of 10 days' duration. Clinical signs included bradycardia, ataxia, hypermetria, and dysphonia. Cerebrospinal creatine kinase activity was high. Thermographic evidence of bilateral accessory nerve dysfunction was observed. This finding was supported by electromyographic studies. Survey and positive contrast radiographs were nondiagnostic. Clinical signs exacerbated after radiographic examination. Treatment included dexamethasone and flunixin meglumine administered IV.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of continuous infusion low-dose 5-azacytidine in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes.

The treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is both difficult and controversial. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of low-dose 5-azacytidine in the treatment of this disorder. Fifteen patients with MDS were entered on study to be treated with 5-azacytidine by continuous intravenous infusion for 14 days. Doses of the drug ranged from 10 mg/m2/day to 35 mg/m2/day, with most patients receiving 16.5 mg/m2/day. In two patients, the drug was stopped early in the course of treatment because of thrombocytopenia. Thirteen patients completed therapy according to protocol. Three of 13 patients demonstrated a partial response to therapy. Of these three patients, one had an increase in platelet and absolute neutrophil counts, while the other two no longer required support with red cell transfusions. The drug was well tolerated and significant myelosuppression did not occur in most patients. Low-dose 5-azacytidine appears to have activity in the treatment of primary MDS and future studies should consider evaluation of this drug in combination with hematopoietic growth factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Twice-daily tapering dexamethasone treatment during cranial radiation for newly diagnosed brain metastases.

Twenty evaluable patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases underwent treatment with a novel dose/schedule of dexamethasone aimed at reducing steroid toxicity during palliative radiation therapy. All patients received twice daily dexamethasone starting at 8 mg bid for four days then 4 mg bid for four days then 2 mg bid until the last day of radiation therapy. The radiation prescriptions were not standardized varying from 2000 cGy/5 fractions to 5800 cGy/29 fractions. Fourteen patients received dexamethasone for a minimum of 24 hours before their first radiation treatment and 7 (50%) experienced improvement in neurologic symptoms/signs prior to starting radiation treatments. Fourteen patients completed the planned course of radiation and dexamethasone. Only 1 patient needed to restart dexamethasone within 30 days of finishing radiation because of steroid reversible neurologic deficits. Steroid toxicity was mild including hyperglycemia (1), candida esophagitis (1), steroid pseudorheumatism (2), peripheral edema (1) and steroid withdrawal syndrome (1). Only two toxic events were recorded in patients receiving steroids less than 21 days. Twice daily dexamethasone appears to provide good clinical results with minimal morbidity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Continuous systemic 5-fluorouracil infusion in refractory prostatic cancer.

Twenty patients with metastatic prostatic cancer were treated on an ambulatory basis with continuous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion 250-300 mg/M2 per day through a chronic indwelling central venous catheter. All patients had symptomatic, progressive disease despite previous standard therapies. Partial remission was seen in 2 of 20 patients (10%), stable disease in 9 of 20 (45%), and progressive disease in 9 of 20 (45%); mean duration of benefit in responding and stable disease patients was six months. Improvement in pain and ECOG performance status were seen in most of the patients in the responding and stable disease categories. Forty percent of the patients experienced no significant drug toxicity; treatment interruption was necessary for stomatitis in 6 patients (30%), hand/foot syndrome in 3 patients (15%), and diarrhea in 1 patient (5%). No significant myelosuppression or other significant organ toxicities were encountered. Continuous systemic venous infusion of 5-FU may provide significant palliative effect for some patients with symptomatic, refractory carcinoma of the prostate.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMed1991

Robust electromagnetic probe for the monitoring of lithotriptor output.

The ability to measure the powers and pressures generated by extracorporeal lithotriptors is important for both patient safety and treatment planning. Regular measurements of output have been impossible in the past because there have been no instruments available that could withstand prolonged or repeated exposure to lithotriptor fields. The literature contains reports of various devices that have been used to make measurements of lithotriptor output, and these are briefly described here. The authors report the use of a new electromagnetic probe as a robust monitoring device. It has been tested by comparison with a PVdF coplanar membrane hydrophone, by comparison with the results of disintegrating a series of synthetic stones and by impact measurements. The electromagnetic probe has also been used to monitor the output of a piezoelectric extracorporeal lithotriptor over a 12-month period. Fluctuations in pulse energy of up to 350% were observed.

Electromagnetic Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

Continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion and alpha interferon in advanced cancers: a report of initial treatment results.

Twenty-four patients with advanced metastatic cancer were treated with continuous intravenous 5-fluorouracil infusion 200-300 mg/m2/day and alpha interferon 3 million units subcutaneously 3 times per week. The average duration of treatment was 87 days (range 22-204 days). 5-fluorouracil could be infused 66% of the planned time on treatment, and patients received an average of 60% of the planned interferon injections. Objective tumor responses were seen in 6 of 17 previously untreated patients (35%). Twenty-two of the 24 patients (92%) experienced toxicity (greater than or equal to ECOG grade II) that required treatment interruption and subsequent dose reduction predominantly for the following reasons: mucositis (67%), hand-foot syndrome (21%), and leukopenia (25%). The incidence of treatment limiting toxicity is higher than previously observed with 5-fluorouracil infusion alone. This suggests true augmentation of 5-fluorouracil effect by interferon. 5-Fluorouracil infusion and alpha interferon is a potentially useful combination that needs further evaluation in future phase II and phase III trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for relapsed and refractory lymphoma using genotypically HLA-identical and alternative donors.

Twenty-two patients, ages 16.6 to 43.9 years (median age, 30 years), with relapsed or refractory lymphoma were treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after high-dose chemotherapy with or without total body irradiation (TBI). Seven patients had Hodgkin's disease, four had low-grade histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), seven had intermediate-grade NHL, and four had high-grade NHL. Of the 22 patients, 17 received T-cell (CD-3)-depleted marrow after intensive pretransplant chemoradiotherapy, and five received T-cell-replete grafts after chemotherapy-based preparative regimens. Five patients were transplanted from donors other than genotypically HLA-identical siblings: four from partially HLA-matched relatives, and one from a phenotypically HLA-identical unrelated donor. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was less than or equal to grade II in all patients, and chronic GVHD was limited or absent in all but one patient. Of the 21 assessable patients, 17 (80.9%) achieved complete remissions. Death due to transplant-associated complications occurred in five patients, and five patients have relapsed. Thirteen patients are alive, and 12 are continuously relapse-free at a median follow-up of longer than 28 months (range, greater than 10 to greater than 58 months) from transplant. The cumulative probability of treatment failure from relapse or progression of lymphoma was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12% to 51%), while the actuarial lymphoma-free (ie, event-free) survival plateau is 54.6% (95% CI, 34% to 76%). For young patients with advanced malignant lymphoma, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation appears superior to salvage chemotherapy for achievement of long-term, lymphoma-free survival and may be preferable to autologous bone marrow transplantation for selected patients.

Actuarial Analysis↗