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Biomedical subjects

T Antal

Publications and source records attributed to T Antal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Evolutionary dynamics on degree-heterogeneous graphs.

The evolution of two species with different fitness is investigated on degree-heterogeneous graphs. The population evolves either by one individual dying and being replaced by the offspring of a random neighbor (voter model dynamics) or by an individual giving birth to an offspring that takes over a random neighbor node (invasion process dynamics). The fixation probability for one species to take over a population of N individuals depends crucially on the dynamics and on the local environment. Starting with a single fitter mutant at a node of degree k, the fixation probability is proportional to k for voter model dynamics and to 1/k for invasion process dynamics.

Animals↗

"Burnt-bridge" mechanism of molecular motor motion.

Motivated by a biased diffusion of molecular motors with the bias dependent on the state of the substrate, we investigate a random walk on a one-dimensional lattice that contains weak links (called "bridges") which are affected by the walker. Namely, a bridge is destroyed with probability when p the walker crosses it; the walker is not allowed to cross it again and this leads to a directed motion. The velocity of the walker is determined analytically for equidistant bridges. The special case of p = 1 is more tractable--both the velocity and the diffusion constant are calculated for uncorrelated locations of bridges, including periodic and random distributions.

Journal Article↗

Dynamics of social balance on networks.

We study the evolution of social networks that contain both friendly and unfriendly pairwise links between individual nodes. The network is endowed with dynamics in which the sense of a link in an imbalanced triad--a triangular loop with one or three unfriendly links--is reversed to make the triad balanced. With this dynamics, an infinite network undergoes a dynamic phase transition from a steady state to "paradise"--all links are friendly--as the propensity p for friendly links in an update event passes through 1/2 . A finite network always falls into a socially balanced absorbing state where no imbalanced triads remain. If the additional constraint that the number of imbalanced triads in the network not increase in an update is imposed, then the network quickly reaches a balanced final state.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

Weight-driven growing networks.

We study growing networks in which each link carries a certain weight (randomly assigned at birth and fixed thereafter). The weight of a node is defined as the sum of the weights of the links attached to the node, and the network grows via the simplest weight-driven rule: A newly added node is connected to an already existing node with the probability which is proportional to the weight of that node. We show that the node weight distribution n (w) has a universal tail, that is, it is independent of the link weight distribution: n (w) approximately w(-3) as w-->infinity . Results are particularly neat for the exponential link weight distribution when n (w) is algebraic over the entire weight range.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

Exponential velocity tails in a driven inelastic Maxwell model.

The problem of the steady-state velocity distribution in a driven inelastic Maxwell model of shaken granular material is revisited. Numerical solution of the master equation and analytical arguments show that the model has bilateral exponential velocity tails [P(v) approximately e(-|v|/sqrt[D])], where D is the amplitude of the noise. Previous study of this model predicted Gaussian tails [P(v) approximately e(-av(2))].

Journal Article↗

Roughness distributions for 1/f alpha signals.

The probability density function (PDF) of the roughness, i.e., of the temporal variance, of 1/f(alpha) noise signals is studied. Our starting point is the generalization of the model of Gaussian, time periodic, 1/f noise, discussed in our recent Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 240601 (2001)], to arbitrary power law. We investigate three main scaling regions (alpha < or = 1/2, 1/2 < alpha < or = 1, and 1< alpha), distinguished by the scaling of the cumulants in terms of the microscopic scale and the total length of the period. Various analytical representations of the PDF allow for a precise numerical evaluation of the scaling function of the PDF for any alpha. A simulation of the periodic process makes it possible to study also nonperiodic, thus experimentally more relevant, signals on relatively short intervals embedded in the full period. We find that for alpha < or = 1/2 the scaled PDFs in both the periodic and the nonperiodic cases are Gaussian, but for alpha > 1/2 they differ from the Gaussian and from each other. Both deviations increase with growing alpha. That conclusion, based on numerics, is reinforced by analytic results for alpha = 2 and alpha-->infinity, in the latter limit the scaling function of the PDF being finite for periodic signals, but developing a singularity for the aperiodic ones. Finally, an overview is given for the scaling of cumulants of the roughness and the various scaling regions in arbitrary dimensions. We suggest that our theoretical and numerical results open a different perspective on the data analysis of 1/f(alpha) processes.

Journal Article↗

1/f noise and extreme value statistics.

We study finite-size scaling of the roughness of signals in systems displaying Gaussian 1/f power spectra. It is found that one of the extreme value distributions, the Fisher-Tippett-Gumbel (FTG) distribution, emerges as the scaling function when boundary conditions are periodic. We provide a realistic example of periodic 1/f noise, and demonstrate by simulations that the FTG distribution is a good approximation for the case of nonperiodic boundary conditions as well. Experiments on voltage fluctuations in GaAs films are analyzed and excellent agreement is found with the theory.

Journal Article↗

Critical behavior of a lattice prey-predator model.

The critical properties of a simple prey-predator model are revisited. For some values of the control parameters, the model exhibits a line of directed percolationlike transitions to a single absorbing state. For other values of the control parameters one finds a second line of continuous transitions toward an infinite number of absorbing states, and the corresponding steady-state exponents are mean-field-like. The critical behavior of the special point T (bicritical point), where the two transition lines meet, belongs to a different universality class. A particular strategy for preparing the initial states used for the dynamical Monte Carlo method is devised to correctly describe the physics of the system near the second transition line. Relationships with a forest fire model with immunization are also discussed.

Journal Article↗

Phase transitions and oscillations in a lattice prey-predator model.

A coarse grained description of a two-dimensional prey-predator system is given in terms of a simple three-state lattice model containing two control parameters: the spreading rates of prey and predator. The properties of the model are investigated by dynamical mean-field approximations and extensive numerical simulations. It is shown that the stationary state phase diagram is divided into two phases: a pure prey phase and a coexistence phase of prey and predator in which temporal and spatial oscillations can be present. Besides the usual directed percolationlike transition, the system exhibits an unexpected, different type of transition to the prey absorbing phase. The passage from the oscillatory domain to the nonoscillatory domain of the coexistence phase is described as a crossover phenomena, which persists even in the infinite size limit. The importance of finite size effects are discussed, and scaling relations between different quantities are established. Finally, physical arguments, based on the spatial structure of the model, are given to explain the underlying mechanism leading to local and global oscillations.

Journal Article↗

Spatial evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game with three strategies and external constraints

The emergency of mutual cooperation is studied in a spatially extended evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game in which the players are located on the sites of cubic lattices for dimensions d=1, 2, and 3. Each player can choose one of the three following strategies: cooperation (C), defection (D) or "tit for tat" (T). During the evolutionary process the randomly chosen players adopt one of their neighboring strategies if the chosen neighbor has a higher payoff. Moreover, an external constraint imposes that the players always cooperate with probability p. The stationary state phase diagram is computed by both using generalized mean-field approximations and Monte Carlo simulations. Nonequilibrium second-order phase transitions associated with the extinction of one of the possible strategies are found and the corresponding critical exponents belong to the directed percolation universality class. It is shown that externally forcing the collaboration does not always produce the desired result.

Journal Article↗

Asymmetric exclusion process with next-nearest-neighbor interaction: some comments on traffic flow and a nonequilibrium reentrance transition

We study the steady-state behavior of a driven nonequilibrium lattice gas of hard-core particles with next-nearest-neighbor interaction. We calculate the exact stationary distribution of the periodic system and for a particular line in the phase diagram of the system with open boundaries where particles can enter and leave the system. For repulsive interactions the dynamics can be interpreted as a two-speed model for traffic flow. The exact stationary distribution of the periodic continuous-time system turns out to coincide with that of the asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP) with discrete-time parallel update. However, unlike in the (single-speed) ASEP, the exact flow diagram for the two-speed model resembles in some important features the flow diagram of real traffic. The stationary phase diagram of the open system obtained from Monte Carlo simulations can be understood in terms of a shock moving through the system and an overfeeding effect at the boundaries, thus confirming theoretical predictions of a recently developed general theory of boundary-induced phase transitions. In the case of attractive interaction we observe an unexpected reentrance transition due to boundary effects.

Journal Article↗

Transport in the XX chain at zero temperature: emergence of flat magnetization profiles.

We study the connection between magnetization transport and magnetization profiles in zero-temperature XX chains. The time evolution of the transverse magnetization m(x,t) is calculated using an inhomogeneous initial state that is the ground state at fixed magnetization but with m reversed from -m(0) for x<0 to m(0) for x>0. In the long-time limit, the magnetization evolves into a scaling form m(x,t)=Phi(x/t) and the profile develops a flat part (m=Phi=0) in the (x/t) 1/2 while it expands with the maximum velocity c(0)=1 for m(0)-->0. The states emerging in the scaling limit are compared to those of a homogeneous system where the same magnetization current is driven by a bulk field, and we find that the expectation values of various quantities (energy, occupation number in the fermionic representation) agree in the two systems.

Journal Article↗

Eradication of bovine leukosis from a heavily infected herd by the use of own offspring.

In a Holstein-Friesian dairy herd (n = 1,248) kept in loose housing system and showing 62% prevalence of infection with bovine leukosis virus (BLV), the newborn calves were separated from their dams and placed into individual pens. They were given freeze-stored colostrum derived from a BLV-free farm and then a calf starter diet. Strict hygienic measures of leukosis control were observed. Serum samples were taken from the calves and tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) before and after colostrum uptake, at 2.5 and 6 months of age, and then at the heifer-rearing farm at 2-month intervals. Animals giving a positive reaction were culled. No AGID positivity occurred before the uptake of colostrum. Subsequently, six times as many calves became positive among the offspring of infected cows than among calves born to negative animals. As no separate barn was available, the infected farm was divided into a "black" and a "white" part with a foil to prevent aerogenic infection. The negative heifers being in the 7th month of pregnancy were placed into the "white" part. A separate calving house was established for them, as the joint calving house proved to be a source of infection. By this method a leukosis-free progeny herd was obtained from 90% of the heifer calves of the cow population showing a high prevalence of infection. In this way the original infected herd was gradually replaced.

Animal Husbandry↗

Improvement of the reproductive performance of sows by treatment with a GnRH superactive analogue.

The effect of a Hungarian-made superactive analogue of GnRH (Ovurelin, D-Phe6-GnRH-EA, Reanal, Hungary) on the postpartal sexual function of sows was monitored. GnRH treatment was carried out on day 19 before weaning. The sows were inseminated at the first oestrus after weaning. GnRH treatment markedly increased litter size at weaning, substantially reduced (to 25 and 50%, respectively) the number of sows failing to come into oestrus after weaning, and increased the number of sows coming into oestrus within one week after weaning by 42.5% and 9%, respectively. These beneficial effects were particularly apparent on the far using closed management technology.

Animals↗

Effect of treatment with Prolan or with a GnRH superactive analog on the sexual function of sows after weaning.

On a large, closed pig farm using artificial insemination (AI), 29 sows were treated with Prolan S-öl injection (Bayer, FRG) and 31 sows with a GnRH superactive analog (Ovurelin, D-Phe6-GnRH-EA, Reanal, Hungary) 48 h after weaning. The effect of treatment on the sows' sexual function was monitored by serum progesterone radioimmunoassay (RIA). The conception rate in the control group (36 sows) was 69.4%. In the groups treated with Prolan and Ovurelin it was 79.3 and 71%, respectively. The use of Prolan S-öl injection markedly reduced the number of acyclic sows and of those having an irregular oestrous cycle. Treatment with the GnRH analog inhibited the manifestation of weaning-induced heat; subsequently, however, it induced a regular cycle in 30 out of the 31 sows treated.

Animals↗

Mycoplasma infection as disposing factor to Streptococcus dysgalactiae mastitis.

The authors studied a synergistic effect of an arginine hydrolising, but glucose negative mycoplasma strain (9293/3/2/1) and Streptococcus (Str.) dysgalactiae. Both agents, as mono-infections, caused only slight mastitis, but if the udder had been previously infected with mycoplasma, Str. dysgalactiae provoked very severe mastitis.

Animals↗