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Biomedical subjects

T Asada

Publications and source records attributed to T Asada.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Prevalence of dementia and distribution of ApoE alleles in Japanese centenarians: an almost-complete survey in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and types of dementia in centenarians and to examine whether the ApoE epsilon 4 allele has significant impact on the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study and a 6-month prospective study. SETTING: Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-seven centenarians participated in the study to determine the prevalence and types of dementia. Thirty-three of the 47 participated in the study of ApoE genotyping. As controls, 224 demented older adults participated in the genetic study. Their age at onset was < 90 years. OUTCOMES: Prevalence of dementia based on DSM-III-R; types of dementia based on NINCDS-ADRDA and ICD-10; distribution on ApoE alleles in the centenarians and in the controls; and the 6-month mortality rate of the subjects. MAIN RESULTS: Of 47 centenarians, 70.2% had dementia, and AD accounted for the majority (75.8%) of the dementia cases. The distribution of ApoE alleles in all the subjects and the AD subjects was epsilon 2: 4.6% vs. 0%; epsilon 3: 90.1% vs. 94.1%; epsilon 4: 4.6% vs. 5.9%. The frequency of the epsilon 4 allele in the AD patients showed a tendency to decrease with increasing age, ranging from 38% for those with an age at onset of < 60 years to 22% for those with an age at onset of ranging from 80 to 89 years. The 6-month mortality rate was 27% (9/33) for the demented centenarians, whereas none of the 14 nondemented centenarians died. CONCLUSION: This almost-complete survey, conducted in a prefecture of Japan, revealed a high prevalence of dementia in centenarians. The ApoE epsilon 4 allele does not have an impact on the development of AD in centenarians.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1996

Pericardiectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting for constrictive pericarditis after heart surgery.

A 63-year-old male was operated on for chronic heart failure due to myocardial ischemia and constrictive pericarditis after heart surgery. He was in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III under a large dose of diuretics. He underwent a pericardiectomy and coronary bypass surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass. His cardiac function improved with a patent graft. He is now, 1 year after surgery, in NYHA class I under a tapering dose of diuretics.

Cardiac Output, Low↗
PubMed1996

Surgical treatment of ventricular septal perforation with right ventricular infarction.

A 71-year-old woman underwent an emergency surgery for ventricular septal perforation together with right ventricular infarction. The perforation of the anterior septum was closed using. Dacron patch combined with a little larger bovine pericardium, the surplus of which was stitched in the surrounding viable muscle. This procedure was performed only through the infarct of the right ventricle. She has been doing well with no residual shunt and lives a normal life now.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Graft replacement of a thoracic aneurysm and coronary artery bypass grafting using retrograde cerebral perfusion through left thoracotomy--a case report].

A 67-year-old woman having descending thoracic aneurysm and 90% stenosis of the obtuse marginal artery underwent a concomitant operation of graft replacement of a thoracic aneurysm and coronary artery bypass grafting. The operation was performed through left posterolateral thoracotomy with total cardiopulmonary bypass using femoral artery, femoral vein and the pulmonary artery cannulation, deep hypothermia and retrograde cerebral perfusion (RGCP). RGCP was performed by high central venous pressure (17-18 mmHg) resulted from low flow perfusion of the lower body under clamping of the descending aorta. Distal coronary anastomosis was done during an initial 100ling period and proximal anastomosis was put on the replaced thoracic graft after coming off extracorporeal circulation (ECC). ECC time was 167 minutes, and RGCP time was 27 minutes. The patient did well after the operation. Postoperative coronary angiography showed the patent coronary bypass graft. We conclude that this method provides good exposure of the thoracic aorta and the coronary artery, and satisfactory brain protection.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

A sodium- and energy-dependent glucose transporter with similarities to SGLT1-2 is expressed in bovine cortical vessels.

In order to investigate glucose transport at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), glucose transport properties were studied pharmacologically with a novel model system of inverted bovine brain cortical arteries. These vessels displayed glucose transport characteristics of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT1-5) and of sodium- and energy-dependent glucose transporters (SGLT1-2). So far, glucose transport in the central nervous system (CNS) has only been shown to be achieved by facilitative transporters, in particular by GLUT1 at the blood-brain barrier and in glial cells and by GLUT3 in a subset of neurons. We report here that a SGLT-like transporter might partake in glucose transport at the bovine BBB, as indicated by immunocytochemical analysis and by Western immunoblot analysis of cultured bovine brain endothelial cells. A RNA protection assay revealed the presence of a SGLT-like gene fragment in rabbit cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Mitral valve repair using an annuloplasty ring made of artificial woven Dacron graft.

A woven Dacron ring made of artificial graft was successfully used in combination with a modified Kay's annuloplasty for mitral valve repair. In this procedure, after excision and repair of the redundant prolapsed leaflets, Kay's annuloplasty was performed at both commissures to reduce the posterior annulus and to coapt the leaflets. A woven Dacron ring was then seated and tied to the annulus to provide long-term stabilization and prevent its further dilatation. The mitral orifice of the patient was reduced from 33 mm to 21 mm in diameter, and neither mitral regurgitation nor stenosis was found in the postoperative evaluation.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[A case of type A acute aortic dissection successfully treated with a ringed intraluminal graft: a new technique of graft insertion].

A-77-year old woman was hospitalized at our hospital presenting with severe chest and back pain. A computed tomographic scan revealed acute type A aortic dissection and intraoperative ultrasound showed an entry near the brachiocephalic artery. Selective cerebral perfusion using flexible 12 Fr balloons was performed for brain protection. The distal aorta was trimmed just proximal to the entry using felt strips and a 24 mm ringed intraluminal graft (ILG) was inserted under it successfully. The patient did well after the operation. Insertion of a ringed ILG is a simple and easy technique, however if an entry is located near the aortic arch, insertion is difficult because of intimal retraction to the arch. And an additional intimal tear sometimes occurs at the site of tape ligation. The method which we presented seemed to provide safer insertion of the proximal ring without these problems.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Mitral valve repair for the treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation].

Twenty-six patients with moderate and severe ischemic mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle dysfunction underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR) or mitral annuloplasty (MAP) using modified Kay method. Emergent operation was performed in 12 patients of whom 11 had severe congestive heart failure even under IABP, 5 had cardiogenic shock and 9 needed respiratory care with intubation preoperatively. Elective operation was performed in 14 patients of whom 6 had history of congestive heart failure and 1 had episodes of ventricular tachycardia. As intraoperative findings of mitral valve, mural annular dilatation in 84.6%, prolapse of anterior leaflet in 23.1%, papillary muscle scar in 15.4%, chordal elongation in 15.4% and chordal rupture in 3.8% were seen separately or in combination. In 22 patients MAP using modified Kay method and CABG were performed, but in 4 patients MVR was needed because of the prominent prolapse of the anterior leaflet. Fourteen patients who underwent MAP with CABG and one MVR with CABG survived. Hospital mortality was higher in emergent (58.5%) than elective operation (28.6%). In the 15 survivors, mitral regurgitation decreased below Sellers 2, pulmonary wedge pressure decreased significantly (p < 0.01) and NYHA functional class improved to I or II postoperatively. During the follow up period of 15-100 (mean 38.7 +/- 21.6) months, 2 MAP+CABG patients died suddenly, but the remaining 13 patients were in NYHA class I or II and no progression of MR was seen. These results indicated that MAP+CABG is recommendable in the treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle dysfunction, in order to preserve cardiac function and to reduce valve related complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Efficacy of terminal warm blood cardioplegia against the reperfusion injury].

The effect of terminal warm blood cardioplegia (TWBC) was evaluated from the incidence of ventricular fibrillation and myocardial metabolism after release of aortic clamping in 70 patients (group I) who underwent open heart surgery using TWBC compared with 70 patients (group II) without TWBC. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation after unclamping in group I was 19.7% which was statistically less than 68.6% in group II. Both excess lactate (delta XL) and redox potential (delta Eh) demonstrated that anearobic myocardial metabolism after reperfusion was restored more rapidly in group I than in group II. Multivariate analysis showed the incidence of ventricular fibrillation after reperfusion was related to high concentrations of both calcium and sodium and low concentration of potassium in reperfused blood in group II. But it was only related to left ventricular myocardial temperature in group I. High concentration of calcium and low concentration of potassium in reperfused blood, and low myocardial temperature were most related to anearobic metabolism of myocardium following reperfusion in group II, whereas only pH value was closely related to recovery for myocardial metabolism in group I. In conclusion, TWBC was useful for improving microcirculation in myocardium and avoiding calcium-overload to myocardial cells, and resulted in reducing reperfusion injury in myocardium. Furthermore, acid content of TWBC and enough amount to raise myocardial temperature would provide more efficacy on myocardial preservation.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1995

[A comparison of changes of cerebrovascular oxygen saturation in retrograde and selective cerebral perfusion during aortic arch surgery].

To evaluate the effect of retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) and selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) on brain protection, changes of cerebrovascular oxygen saturation (rSO2) were studied in 14 patients with aortic arch reconstruction during the procedure. The rSO2 was monitored with spectroscopy instrument (Invos 3100, Somanetics). The mean value of rSO2 measured just before cardiopulmonary bypass was 65.9 +/- 6.2% in 7 patients with RCP, and was 64.9 +/- 4.7% in 7 patients with SCP. The value of rSO2 during core cooling of cardiopulmonary bypass was increased step by step. Although RCP time with a mean of 38.9 +/- 9.7 min was statistically shorter than SCP time (80.7 +/- 45.1 min), the mean value of rSO2 during cerebral protection in RCP group was decreased from 80.3 +/- 8.1% to 63.4 +/- 10.2%, lowest 46% with a ratio of 21.1%. In contrast, the mean value of rSO2 in SCP group was well maintained from 79.9 +/- 6.5 to 75.6 +/- 6.8%, lowest 63% with a ratio of 5.4%. Although no neurological deficits were recognized after operation in both groups, rSO2 in SCP group was sustained above the control value (65% just before cardiopulmonary bypass) but rSO2 in RCP group was decreased below the control value after 35 min. So we conclude that with regard to brain protection assessed from rSO2 measured by Invos 3100 cerebral oximeter, there is no time limitation of SCP during the procedure but RCP had a limit of the duration.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

The problems of surgical treatment for cardiac myxoma and associated lesions.

Twenty-four patients with cardiac myxomas consisting of 22 left and 2 right atrial myxomas were operated on. All myxomas were removed with an excision of the attachment walls using a cardiopulmonary bypass. Two myxomas required a partial cardiopulmonary bypass from the femoral vein to the artery prior to operation because they were on the verge of becoming stuck in the atrioventricular valves and potentially causing shock. For embolic complications of myxoma, the embolus of the external carotid artery was extirpated before undergoing cardiac surgery. In a patient with pulmonary infarction, the infarcted lung was resected simultaneously. Another patient with a cerebral infarction received a clipping of an aneurysm which later appeared in the infarcted area. For associated cardiac lesions, two patients underwent a coronary artery bypass graft and one mitral valve replacement with tricuspid annuloplasty. In the former two cases, the myxoma was removed prior to coronary artery bypass grafting because the use of retrograde coronary perfusion was considered to be sufficient to protect the heart. In the latter case, the removal of the myxoma first disclosed a significant mitral lesion which had been masked by the huge myxoma. All patients but one, who died of pneumonia, showed a good recovery. In this series, the problems of surgical treatment for cardiac myxoma and associated lesions are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Sulfamethizole capsule method. A new method for assessing gastric emptying of solids.

We have developed a new method that is capable of assessing gastric emptying in humans. This method is based on the rapid absorption of sulfamethizole in the upper small intestine. Sulfamethizole capsules are gelatin capsules that are filled with a solid composed of egg albumin and sulfamethizole. After subjects ingested of 15 capsules with ham and bread, blood concentrations of sulfamethizole were measured and the areas under the sulfamethizole concentration-time curve (AUC) were calculated as an index of gastric emptying. After ingestion of 99mTc-labeled sulfamethizole capsules, there was a statistically significant correlation between the percentage of radioactivity remaining in the stomach at 120 min and AUC for 120 min (r = -0.82, P < 0.01). This method yielded a reliable value for gastric emptying of a solid meal as estimated by AUC. This method can be considered safe and is easily applicable to human subjects for assessment of gastric emptying.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The efficacy of non-clamping selective cerebral perfusion in distal aortic arch aneurysm repair: report of a case.

Successful repair of a distal aortic arch aneurysm without aortic cross-clamping was carried out in a 74-year-old man, using a combination of special separate cerebral perfusion and retrograde coronary perfusion, termed non-clamping selective cerebral perfusion. We believe that satisfactory results following aortic arch surgery in elderly patients can only be achieved through the prevention of emboli derived from an aortic cross-clamping site, and shortened ischemic time of the vital organs.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Isolation of polypeptides with microtubule-translocating activity from phragmoplasts of tobacco BY-2 cells.

As part of our efforts to understand the molecular basis of the microtubule-associated motility that is involved in cytokinesis in higher plant cells, an attempt was made to identify proteins with the ability to translocate microtubules in an extract from isolated phragmoplasts. Homogenization of isolated phragmoplasts in a solution that contained MgATP, MgGTP and a high concentration of NaCl resulted in the release from phragmoplasts of factors with ATPase and GTPase activity that were stimulated by microtubules. A protein fraction with microtubule-dependent ATPase and GTPase activity caused minus-end-headed gliding of microtubules in the presence of ATP or GTP. Polypeptides with microtubule-translocating activity cosedimented with microtubules that had been assembled in vitro from brain tubulin and were dissociated from sedimented microtubules by addition of ATP or GTP. After cosedimentation and dissociation procedures, a 125 kDa polypeptide and a 120 kDa polypeptide were recovered in a fraction that supported minus-end-headed gliding of microtubules. The rate of microtubule gliding that was caused by the fraction that contained the 125 kDa and 120 kDa polypeptides as main components was 1.28 microns/minute in the presence of ATP and 0.50 microns/minute in the presence of GTP. This fraction contained some microtubule-associated polypeptides in addition to the 125 kDa and 120 kDa polypeptides, but a fraction that contained only these additional polypeptides did not cause any translocation of microtubules. Thus, it appeared that the 125 kDa and 120 kDa polypeptides were responsible for translocation of microtubules. These polypeptides with plus-end-directed motor activity may play an important role in formation of the cell plate and in the organization of the phragmoplast.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗