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T Autti

Publications and source records attributed to T Autti.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

MRI evaluation of the brain in infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. Part 2: MRI findings in 21 patients.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the course of infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children aged 3 months to 11 years. Twenty-one patients and 46 neurologically normal controls of the same age were examined. The images were evaluated visually; then signal intensities were measured and related to those of references. MRI abnormalities were detectable before clinical symptoms. The radiologic picture of the brain varied with the duration of the disease. Pathognomonic MRI findings in the early stage of the disease were generalized cerebral atrophy, strong thalamic hypointensity to the white matter and to the basal ganglia, and thin periventricular high-signal rims from 13 months onward on T2-weighted images. In patients over 4 years old, cerebral atrophy was extreme, and the signal intensity of the entire white matter was higher than that of the gray matter, which is the reverse of normal. This study showed that the abnormalities seen on MRI progress rapidly during the first 4 years of life, then stabilize, in conformity with the clinical and histopathologic pictures of infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

MRI of the normal brain from early childhood to middle age. I. Appearances on T2- and proton density-weighted images and occurrence of incidental high-signal foci.

The magnetic resonance images of 67 healthy subjects aged 4-50 years were studied for differences in general signal intensity between the different brain structures, the frequency of focal intensity changes in the brain, and variations in size of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces. In adults over 25 years of age the thalamus gave lower signal than the putamen or caudate nucleus. Definite periventricular high signal was found in the white matter of one third of subjects of all ages. Small (< 5 mm in diameter) high signal foci were found in the cerebral white matter on T2-weighted images in 27% of subjects (20% of healthy children and adolescents and 34% of adults). They gave high signal on both short and long echoes in 11% of children and adolescents and in 22% of adults; 51% of all foci gave high signal with both echoes. This does not support the hypothesis that they are caused mainly by enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces. Of the high signal foci on T2-weighted images, 86% were in watershead areas. Two foci were found in one subject in the periventricular watershed area (beside the tips of the frontal horns) and they were never seen in the other deep white matter regions. In healthy, relatively young subjects with no known risk factors, high signal foci other than Virchow-Robin spaces, were common; neither their prevalence nor their number correlated with age in this series. A few slightly large sulci were found in some adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

MRI of the normal brain from early childhood to middle age. II. Age dependence of signal intensity changes on T2-weighted images.

We examined 66 healthy volunteers aged 4 to 50 years by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the signal intensity was measured on T2-weighted images in numerous sites and correlated with age and sex. Using distilled water and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as references on each slice, we calculated the signal intensities of the brain structures. Calculated ratios between structures did not change with age, except for those of the globus pallidus and thalamus, in which the signal intensities decreased more rapidly. The signal intensities of other brain structures changed equally but this could not be discerned visually and quantitative measurements were required. The signal intensities in the white and deep grey matter decreased rapidly in the first decade and then gradually to reach a plateau after the age of 18 years. Maturation of the brain thus seems to continue until near the end of the second decade of life. No sex differences were found. Quantitative analysis requires intensity references. The CSF in the tips of the frontal horns seems to be as reliable as an external fluid reference for intensity, and can be used in routine examinations provided the frontal horns are large enough to avoid partial volume effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The normal brain stem from infancy to old age. A morphometric MRI study.

Our purpose was to develop a method of measuring the size of the brain stem by routine MRI and to determine brain stem dimensions in a normal population. We examined 174 subjects, aged 4 months to 86 years, with no known brain disease. Sagittal midline diameters of the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata were measured on sagittal T1-weighted images, coronal diameters from axial T2-weighted images. The adult midsagittal diameter of the mesencephalon was reached at the age of 6 years, and decreased slightly after 45-50 years. Pontine dimensions increased until the age of 20 years and did not subsequently decrease. The midsagittal and midcoronal diameters of the medulla oblongata stopped increasing at the ages of 6 and 8 years, respectively. Minimal reduction in the midsagittal diameter occurs after 50 years. Normal ranges for each dimension were recorded. Knowledge of the normal variation in size of the brain stem can be helpful in the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases. The method described is rapid and needs no additional hard- or software. An additional finding was an increase in large vermian sulci in subjects over 50 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of the clinical courses in patients with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis receiving antioxidant treatment and those without antioxidant treatment.

Juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is a progressive encephalopathy characterized by a neural and extraneural accumulation of ceroid and lipofuscin like storage cytosomes and by an autosomal recessive inheritance. It begins with a gradual loss of vision at the age of 4-7 years and is accompanied by epilepsy, a loss of motor function, and a progressive dementia (Santavuori 1988). We have studied 26 Finnish JNCL patients treated with vitamins E, B2, B6 and sodium selenite (antioxidant treatment) by using a JNCL disease specific scoring system introduced by Kohlschütter et al. (1988). Scores were given for the problems of vision, intellect, language, motor function, as well as epilepsy, and compared with the data of 17 German JNCL patients not treated with antioxidants (Kohlschütter et al. 1988). Loss of vision began at the same time among the Finnish and the German JNCL patients. However, loss of intellectual, language, and motor functions and total blindness occurred later among the group of Finnish JNCL patients treated with antioxidants. Courses of the epileptic seizures were rather heterogenous and slightly favouring the Finnish patients. This study supports the theory that antioxidant treatment retards JNCL disease. The study design, however, contains many possible biases, so that the results must be interpreted cautiously.

Antioxidants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Jansky-Bielschowsky variant disease: CT, MRI, and SPECT findings.

Six patients with a variant type of Jansky-Bielschowsky (JBVD) disease were examined using 3 different imaging methods. Five of the patients underwent computed tomography, 4 magnetic resonance imaging, and 5 single photon emission computed tomography. All patients had brain atrophy that was most severe in the cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the parenchymal abnormalities well; all patients had hyperintense periventricular white matter, especially around the bodies and atria of the lateral ventricles, and a significant decrease in signal intensity in the thalami and/or putamina. Single photon emission computed tomography disclosed hypoperfusion of the cerebellum in all patients. Neuroimaging examinations are valuable in the diagnosis of JBVD. It may be difficult to divide patients with neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis disorders into clinical subtypes in the early stage of the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging, especially when combined with a typical clinical pattern, makes the diagnosis of JBVD highly likely. Radiologic examinations of the brain may also prove important in following the progression, as well as in investigating the pathophysiology, of the disease.

Atrophy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and surgery: a long-term follow-up study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We assumed that patients with surgically treated aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) might have more lesions than those revealed by CT that could be visible on MR images. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of a series of 147 patients with aneurysmal SAH who were treated surgically within 3 days of the onset of SAH. One hundred four patients (mean age, 48.8 years) underwent MR imaging studies 2.1 to 5.6 years (mean, 3.3 years) postoperatively. RESULTS: Eighty-four (81%) patients presented a total of 152 areas of increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images, consistent with infarction; 48% of the patients had lesions in the frontal lobes. CT performed 3 months postoperatively revealed hypodense areas on the scans of only 57% of the patients and showed lesions in the frontal lobes of only 16% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Patients who undergo early surgery for aneurysmal SAH have more lesions than are revealed by CT. The difference is remarkable, especially in the frontal lobes.

Adolescent↗