Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T B Buxi.
Two cases of giant spinal arachnoid cysts, one of them being symptomatic, are discussed, along with their CT, MRI and MR myelography findings.
A case of multiple, conglomerated brain abscesses due to Xylohypha bantiana, with unique imaging features, is presented. This is the first culture-proven case of brain infection due to this fungus in the neuroimaging literature.
The computed tomography (CT) appearances of varying grades of severity of acute pancreatitis, and its complications, have been described. Bodywall ecchymosis in the periumbilical region (Cullen's sign) and loins (Grey Turner's sign), though rare, are frequently mentioned in the clinical literature. Massive, exclusively retroperitoneal, involvement is also exceedingly rare. Computed tomography depiction of these signs is sparsely documented. The CT documentation, with clinicosurgical correlation, of two cases of severe acute pancreatitis with these unusual complications, is presented.
The authors report a rare case of cryptogenic osteomyelitis of the skull with an intracerebral and a subgaleal abscess. Total excision of the abscess extending from the cortical surface to the lateral ventricle led to ventriculitis and subgaleal cerebrospinal fluid collection. These complications could have been avoided by aspirating the abscess after removing the infected portion of the skull and the epidural granulation tissue. Neurosurgeons preferring to excise such an abscess should leave a small area of capsule at the base in order to avoid having to open the ventricle.
Three cases of solitary osteochondroma of the spine are reported. Two presented with cervical myelopathy and one with radiculopathy. Plain radiography or tomography is adequate for the diagnosis in the majority of cases; nevertheless, a CT scan or MRI is of immense help in planning surgical treatment. The radiological features of spinal exostoses are reviewed.
Complete eventration of the diaphragm and pulmonary aplasia, though rare anomalies, should be considered in new-borns with respiratory distress. Such anomalous conditions occurring either alone or in combination elude diagnosis and pose problems for management. CT is a very effective, non invasive means of diagnosis which in the past depended largely on invasive procedures such as bronchography, angiography and thoracotomy.
Calcification in cases of medulloblastoma has been described with varying frequency (10%-15.4%) on computed tomographic (CT) scan. Usually these calcifications are small in size and speckled. The authors report a case of medulloblastoma with extensive calcification in the lateral hemisphere of the cerebellum in an 18-year-old boy.
Strangulated diaphragmatic hernia is a surgical emergency which on occasions can be a diagnostic dilemma. We report of a 2-year-old-male child with strangulated diaphragmatic hernia in whom a correct preoperative diagnosis was made with progression of illness. CT depicted a curvilinear fat stripe in a fluid filled hemithorax.
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Budd Chiari Syndrome is the eponymic designation of symptomatic post sinusoidal venous obstruction, whether or not this is associated with hepatic vein occlusion or vena caval obstruction. Dutta and associates (1) classified the syndrome into two distinct types. Type I involves obstruction to the hepatic veins while Type II pertains to an obstruction in the inferior vena cava above the entry of hepatic veins. We report a case of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm presenting as Type II Budd Chiari Syndrome.
A case of lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYHY) in a menopausal woman is presented. A review of the literature suggests that conservative treatment may be tried in suspected cases of LYHY, if the vision of the patient is not threatened. A transphenoidal stereotactic biopsy of the mass may be performed if the patient fails to improve or deteriorates, thus avoiding open exploration of the sella in selected cases.
Two cases of gross post-operative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage along an indwelling ventricular catheter are reported. The CSF appeared to leak through the perforations of the ventricular catheter, as well as at the site of penetration of the ventricular wall. A small or slit ventricle with high intraventricular pressure may thus be a predisposing factor for this localized CSF collection.
Lipoma of corpus callosum and choroid plexus lipoma are rare developmental anomalies arising as a result of maldifferentiation of primitive meningeal tissue. Two cases are reported along with a brief review of literature. The first case presented with chronic headache, and a large lipoma of corpus callosum associated with choroid plexus lipoma was discovered. The second case had no symptoms before the discovery of corpus callosal lipoma on computed tomography, which was done for a head injury. None of the lipomas showed any calcification.
Computed tomography findings with surgical details are presented in a case of hydatid cyst of posterior mediastinum, a rare site of involvement in echinococcosis infestation. The computed tomography appearance of posterior mediastinal echinococcosis is quite characteristic and can be readily distinguished from other cystic lesions of the mediastinum. Computed tomography provides additional information regarding the involvement of neighboring structures. In this case, computed tomography detected involvement of the descending aorta.
Genituorinary tract is a common site of origin of rhabdomyosarcomas. Not very many cases of urinary bladder rhabdomyosarcomas have been reported in the computed tomography literature. We present computed tomography appearances which were virtually classical to diagnose botryoid variety of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a two year old male child.
Exhaustive clinicoradiologic and computed tomographic (CT) analysis of 114 cases of spinal tuberculosis seen between January 1983 and January 1989 is presented. The mechanisms of the spinal involvement are reviewed. CT helped to diagnose cases of spinal tuberculosis in their initial stages. Inaccessible fixed areas of spine were seen with ease on axial sections of CT. The extent and anatomic depiction of soft-tissue involvement as depicted on CT helps surgeons choose the appropriate surgical approach, which may affect future spinal stability.
Pseudotumoral or macronodular hepatosplenic tuberculosis (HSTB) is rare. Only 31 cases have been documented in imaging literature so far. Presented is the clinico-imaging review with five additional new cases of this uncommon variety. Due to nonspecific wide spectrum of imaging appearances, biopsy is mandatory in almost all cases. Clinical recovery and resolution of lesions on imaging may not be directly proportional.
Tubercular adrenalitis presents with adrenal enlargement prior to its atrophy and calcification. Imaging modalities like ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging have depicted adrenal enlargement due to various causes. Presented is a clinical-cum-CT review of 14 cases of tubercular adrenal enlargement with addition of five new cases and their CT follow-up.