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Biomedical subjects

T B Rasmussen

Publications and source records attributed to T B Rasmussen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Development of a real-time PCR assay based on primer-probe energy transfer for the detection of swine vesicular disease virus.

A real-time PCR assay based on primer-probe energy transfer (PriProET) was developed to detect swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV). Specificity tests of SVDV and heterologous virus showed specific amplification of SVDV strains only. The amplification plot for the closely related Coxsackievirus B5 remained negative. The sensitivity of assay was five copies of viral genome equivalents. A key point of the assay is tolerance toward mutations in the probe region. Melting curve analysis directly after PCR, with determination of probe melting point, confirmed specific hybridisation of the SVDV strains. Eight of twenty SVDV strains tested, revealed shifted melting points that indicated mutations in the probe region. All predicted mutations were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. With the PriProET system there is a chance to identify phylogenetically divergent strains of SVDV, which may appear negative in other probe-based real-time PCR assays. At the same time, any difference in melting points may provide an indication of divergence in the probe region. The high sensitivity, specificity, and tolerance toward mutations in the probe region of the SVDV PriProET assay may improve the early and rapid detection of a wide range of SVDV strains, allowing reduced turnaround time and the use of high-throughput, automated technology.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Vertical transmission of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in mousedeer (Tragulus javanicus) and spread to domestic cattle.

This study investigates the transmission of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) 1f from a persistently infected (PI) lesser Malayan mousedeer to two bovine calves. Different contact routes to two calves were analysed: 1) aerosol contact between two adjacent pens without physical contact; 2) indirect contact by use of common utensils; 3) direct nose-to-nose contact for 30 seconds. One of the calves was infected either by aerosol or indirect contact. The virus sequence in 247 nucleotides in the 5'-UTR was 100% identical in mousedeer and calf. To elucidate the distribution of BVDV within the affected mousedeer family the captive population in a Zoo was analysed. The maternal line of PI animals was maintained, whereas a PI male was able to reproduce and have a non-PI calf. As a consequence of this, six female PI mousedeer were killed; subsequent autopsies did not reveal any lesions. Sequencing mousedeer BVD virus in the E2 region (420 nucleotides) through 4 generations showed only 7 mutations, which were maintained from mother to offspring.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2005

Persistent BVDV infection in mousedeer infects calves. Do we know the reservoirs for BVDV?

Bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV)-1f was isolated from a Lesser Malayan Mousedeer in Copenhagen Zoo during a routine screening. Analysis of animals related to the Copenhagen mousedeer revealed that its mother and all siblings were virus positive, a pattern also seen for persistently infected (PI) cattle. BVDV could be transmitted from the PI mousedeer to a calf after indirect contact. The host spectrum for BVDV seems to be even wider than expected; the implications for BVDV control are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Characterisation of a pestivirus isolated from persistently infected mousedeer ( Tragulus javanicus).

Serum samples from the male Mousedeer A and the mother, father and sister of A were tested for bovine virus diarrhoea viruses (BVDV) by isolation, and for BVDV antibodies by blocking ELISA and homologous neutralisation test. Further, RNA was extracted and tested by RT-PCR protocol analysing the 5'-untranslated region and the E2 gene of pestivirus. The RT-PCR products were subsequently sequenced. Mousedeer A was positive in virus isolation on three occasions (days 1, 19 and 40) and by RT-PCR. The sister and mother of Mousedeer A were also found virus positive by isolation and RT-PCR. Mousedeer A, its sister and its mother, all had an antibody neutralisation titer below 10. The father of A was virus negative but was positive in the blocking antibody ELISA and had a high neutralisation antibody titer. The repeated detection of BVDV in Mousedeer A, the high amount of virus in serum, the lack of antibodies and the virus positive family members documented that the mousedeer were persistently infected with a pestivirus. The father of A probably had an acute infection resulting in antibodies to pestivirus and viral clearance. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the mousedeer pestivirus was closely related to BVDV Type 1f. The existences of persistently infected animals in non-domestic species have great implications for BVDV eradication campaigns in cattle.

5' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2003

Development of a novel quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of all serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) spreads extremely fast and the need for rapid and robust diagnostic virus detection systems was obvious during the recent European epidemic. Using a novel real-time RT-PCR system based on primer-probe energy transfer (PriProET) we present here an assay targeting the 3D gene of FMDV. The assay was validated for the efficacy to detect all known FMDV serotypes. The test method was linear over a range of at least 7 orders of magnitude and the detection limit was below the equivalent of 10 genomic copies. Analysing recent African probang samples the method was able to detect FMDV in materials from both cattle and buffalo. When compared to traditional virus cultivation the virus detection sensitivity was similar but the RT-PCR method can provide a laboratory result much faster than virus cultivation. The real-time PCR method confirms the identity of the amplicon by melting point analysis for added specificity and at the same time allows the detection of mutations in the probe region. As such, the described new method is suitable for the robust real-time detection of index cases caused by any serotype of FMDV.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Synthesis of new 3- and 4-substituted analogues of acyl homoserine lactone quorum sensing autoinducers.

The quorum sensing mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria uses small intercellular signal molecules, N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), to control transcription of specific genes in relation to population density. In this communication, we describe the parallel synthesis of new AHL analogues, in which substituents have been introduced into the 3- and 4-positions of the lactone ring. These analogues have been screened for their ability to activate and inhibit a Vibrio fischeri LuxI/LuxR-derived quorum sensing reporter system.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of flhDC mRNA levels in Serratia liquefaciens swarm cells.

We reported previously that artificial overexpression of the flhDC operon in liquid-grown Serratia liquefaciens resulted in the formation of filamentous, multinucleated, and hyperflagellated cells that were indistinguishable from surface-induced swarm cells (L. Eberl, G. Christiansen, S. Molin, and M. Givskov, J. Bacteriol. 178:554-559, 1996). In the present report we show by means of reporter gene measurements, Northern analysis, and in situ reverse transcription-PCR that the amount of flhDC mRNA in surface-grown swarm cells does not exceed the maximum level found in nondifferentiated, vegetative cells. This suggests that surface-induced S. liquefaciens swarm cell differentiation, although dependent on flhDC gene expression, does not occur through elevated flhDC mRNA levels.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1994

A prospective comparison of iotrolan and iohexol in lumbar myelography.

In a double-blind study 238 patients were examined with lumbar myelography using iotrolan or iohexol in randomized sequence in order to evaluate the image quality, the safety and tolerance of iotrolan by monitoring the adverse effects with special attention to late reactions. There were no serious complications. On the first day 28 patients (24%) had headache after iotrolan and 41 (34%) after iohexol. This difference was not significant, and these frequencies are similar to those found after spinal puncture alone. The second most frequent side effect was neck pain; the duration of neck pain were significantly longer after myelography with iohexol than with iotrolan. There was a significantly higher frequency of adverse effects in females the first 24 hours, but during examination and on days 2 to 4 there were no differences between males and females. Anamnestic information or myelographic diagnosis could not predict which patients would have side effects. The image quality was excellent or good in all examinations but one. It is concluded that iotrolan is a safe contrast medium well suited for lumbar myelography.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Metastatic spinal cord compression secondary to lung cancer.

PURPOSE: Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) is a disabling complication to cancer, the optimal treatment for which is not settled. An analysis was performed for all patients with MSCC secondary to lung cancer in East Denmark from 1979 to 1988. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The total series included 102 cases with small-cell carcinoma (SCLC; 40%), adenocarcinoma (ACL; 26%), squamous cell carcinoma (SQLC; 18%) and large-cell carcinoma (LCC; 9%). Symptoms, clinical presentations, and therapeutic results are described. RESULTS: The outcome of treatment depended fundamentally on the patient's neurologic condition at the time of the diagnosis. All patients with SCLC who were able to walk at the time of MSCC remained ambulatory, whereas 15% of the nonambulatory SCLC patients regained walking ability. In non-SCLC, 95% of patients continued to be able to walk, whereas 22% regained the ability to walk. No major differences in the immediate outcome of treatment between the various histologic types of lung cancer and the different treatment modalities were observed; however, 82% of the patients with non-SCLC benefited from treatment with laminectomy followed by radiotherapy (RT) compared with either laminectomy (47%) or RT (39%) alone (P = .03, chi 2 test). The group of patients who were treated with laminectomy followed by RT had a better survival (median value, 3.5; range, 0 to 132 months) than patients who were treated with either laminectomy (median value, 1.5; range, 0 to 32 months) or RT (median value, 1; range, 0 to 59 months) alone (P = .03, log-rank test). No significant difference was observed in survival between the various histologic types of lung cancer (P = .18, log-rank test). CONCLUSION: Despite a short survival, early diagnosis and immediate treatment is crucial because it may preserve the gait function in 97% of lung cancer patients who develop malignant spinal cord compression.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[Hormonal treatment of undescended testis].

Failure of the testes to descend is probably mostly due to dysfunction of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testis axis. The primary treatment of testicular non descent should therefore be pharmacological in the form of HCG injections or LH-RH intranasally. Contraindications for hormonal therapy are coexistent inguinal hernia or hydrocele testis or previous inguinal operations. HCG and LH-RH treatment lead to testicular descent with about the same frequency, 20-50% in boys above five years of age, whereas HCG therapy before this age results in 10-20% success only. Reversible androgenic side effects are described in approximately 30% following HCG treatment, but only limited side effects are seen in less than 10% after LH-RH therapy. Because of the non-invasive mode of administration, the good response to treatment in the age of 2-5 years and the very limited side effects, LH-RH is recommended as the primary treatment of testicular nondescent.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1991

[Undescended testis treated by intranasal application of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)].

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 118 boys, aged 2-12 years, with 161 undescended testes were treated with luteinising-hormone releasing-hormone (LH-RH), 1.2 mg daily intranasally for four weeks. According to randomization, 60 boys with 85 undescended testes received LH-RH and 58 boys with 76 undescended testes received the placebo. 17 testes (20%) in 12 boys (20%) descended in the LH-RH group and 2 testes (3%) in 2 boys (3%) descended in the placebo group. This difference is statistically significant (chi 2, 0.01 greater than p greater than 0.001). A second LH-RH course, offered three months later to the boys who did not respond to the first LH-RH course, increased the success rate to 35%. The primary location of the testis was a significant factor for the effect of treatment. The highest success rate (63%) was registered in testes located in a high scrotal position. There was no significant difference in success of treatment between unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism, nor between age groups. No serious adverse effects of treatment were noted. It is concluded, that LH-RH administered intranasally can be used in the treatment of boys with unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1991

The absorption of chlortetracycline following transscrotal instillation for the treatment of primary hydrocele testis.

We describe the absorption of chlortetracycline from the emptied hydrocele sac, which was instilled to treat a primary hydrocele of the testis. The study included 7 patients and 2 control subjects who were given 500 mg. chlortetracycline. Plasma concentration was determined at 0, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after instillation, and in 2 patients plasma levels also were determined at 48 and 72 hours. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC1) was calculated in each case by using the trapezoidal rule. In the control group the plasma level was determined at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after instillation. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC2) was calculated by the formula AUC2 = Co/Kc. The fraction F of absorption can be expressed as F = AUC1/AUC2; median F = 0.67 (range 0.41 to 0.92). We conclude that chlortetracycline passes readily and almost completely through the tunica vaginalis lining the hydrocele sac.

Absorption↗
PubMed1991

Functional hemispherectomy: EEG findings, spiking from isolated brain postoperatively, and prediction of outcome.

We reviewed the prognostic significance of preoperative EEG findings in 25 patients who underwent functional hemispherectomy. Bilateral independent epileptogenic foci, found in five patients, generally indicate a less satisfactory outcome, with only three of the five patients becoming seizure free following hemispherectomy. In contrast, abnormalities of background activity over the "good" hemisphere, multifocal epileptic activity confined to the side of operation, or bilaterally synchronous discharges were associated with a good outcome and should not be considered as contraindications to operation. Postoperatively, discharges may occur in the functionally isolated frontal and occipital cortex, which are benign, with no other clinical significance than showing that the isolated cortex remains viable and continues to generate epileptogenic potentials.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1988

Functional hemispherectomy for treatment of epilepsy associated with hemiplegia: rationale, indications, results, and comparison with callosotomy.

Hemispherectomy is effective in arresting seizures associated with maximal or near maximal hemiparesis. This procedure, however, carries an unacceptable 33% risk of late complications due to cerebral hemosiderosis. Anatomically partial but functionally complete hemispherectomy was devised to avoid these complications. The frontal or occipital lobes, or both, were left in place with the blood supply intact but with connections to commissures and brainstem divided. The central strip and parietal and temporal lobes were removed. Twenty patients were so treated with a follow-up of 4 to 13 years (average, 7.3 years) in 14. Ten of these are seizure free, 1 had a single nocturnal seizure, 1 had occasional focal twitching, and 2 had a worthwhile but lesser reduction in the seizure tendency. None has developed cerebral hemosiderosis, to date. In appropriately selected patients, functional hemispherectomy is an effective procedure preferable to callosotomy or to partial hemispherectomy. When there is no independent ictal discharge from the opposite hemisphere, arrest of seizures may be expected, leading to improvement in cognitive functioning (mean increase, 10 IQ points), social behavior, and a reduction in or discontinuation of anticonvulsant medication. In these patients, gait and hand use remain unchanged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Natural history of the maldescended testis.

In a series of 545 boys with undescended testis, 91 had bilateral spontaneous descent after the age of 10. Forty-five accepted to take part in an investigation of their fertility based on history, clinical examination, sperm analysis and estimation of serum FSH levels. In the majority, the volume of the testis was below normal and the sperm concentration was below the lower limit of the normal range. It is concluded that late spontaneous bilateral descent of the testis carries a serious risk of later impaired spermatogenesis.

Adolescent↗