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Biomedical subjects

T B Singh

Publications and source records attributed to T B Singh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Maternal anthropometry as predictors of low birth weight.

The usefulness of maternal anthropometric parameters i.e. maternal weight (MWt), maternal height (MHt), maternal mid-arm circumference (MMAC) and maternal body mass index (MBMI) as predictors of low birth weight (LBW) was studied in 395 singleton pregnancies. The maternal anthropometric parameters were measured in the first trimester of pregnancy and were plotted against the birth weight of the newborns. Significant positive correlations were observed among MWt and birth weight (r=0.38), MHt and birth weight (r=0.25), MMAC and birth weight (r=0.30) and MBMI and birth weight (r=0.30). The most sensitive being MWt (t=7.796), followed by MMAC (t=5.759), MHt (t=4.706) and MBMI (t=5.89). For prediction of LBW, the critical limits of MWt, MHt, MMAC and MBMI were 45 kg, 152 cm, 22.5 cm, 20 kg/m2 respectively. From these observations, the use of colour-coded weighing machines, height rods and tapes may be devised for use by peripheral health workers and traditional birth attendants for detection of mothers at risk of delivering low birth weight babies (Table 5). Mothers who have anthropometric parameters in the 'red zone' are at risk of delivery LBW infants.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed2003

Schizencephaly.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Perceptual development in relation to nutritional status.

The present study was conducted on 180 children in the age group 5-10 years. These children were divided accordingly their ages into 3 sub-groups i.e. 5-6, 7-8 and 9-10 years respectively. In each group 60 children were studied. For the assessment of perceptual skills each child was tested with the help of Picture Ambiguity Test. Responses to the ambiguous cards were scored with respect to time taken to react in each card and ability of the child to perceive figure and ground relationship i.e. centration and decentration. The observations showed that with increase in age, centration effect reduces and majority of the children start decentring their perception by middle childhood. Further, children in higher age group took lesser time to respond on different ambiguous cards. When the responses of well-nourished and undernourished children were compared for perceptual flexibility in terms of part-whole perception i.e. centration and decentration; no difference was observed between the two groups. There was a significant difference in the performance of well-nourished and undernourished children when time to respond on ambiguous card was compared. Well-nourished children took lesser time to respond on different ambiguous cards. These observations in general suggest that poor nutrition may result in impaired perceptual abilities in children.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Artemether vs quinine therapy in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Manipur--a preliminary report.

Qinghaosu and its derivatives are rapidly effective antimalarial drugs derived from a Chinese plant (sweet worm wood). Preliminary studies suggest that these drugs may be more effective than quinine in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. A randomised double blind trial was conducted in 52 cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases. In all 26 cases were given artemether and another 26 were given quinine. There were 2 (7.5%) deaths in artemether group and 4 (15%) deaths in quinine group. The parasites were cleared more quickly from the blood in artemether group when compared to quinine group (mean-72 hrs vs 96 hrs). Resolution of fever was comparable in both artemether and quinine group (mean-84 hrs vs 78 hrs) and also the average time of recovery from coma was more earlier in artemether group (mean-60 hrs vs 72 hrs). The only side effect noticed with artemether therapy was gastrointestinal (GI) intolerance while quinine therapy was associated with myocarditis, hypotension, hypoglycemia and GI intolerance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Neurobehavioural assessment of newborns.

Twenty-one full term appropriate for gestational age (FT-AGA), 18 full term small for gestational age (FT-SGA), 18 preterm appropriate for gestational age (PT-AGA) and 15 babies who suffered birth anoxia constituted study subjects. They were subjected to neurobehavioural assessment using Brazelton neurobehaviour assessment scale. FT-SGA babies performed significantly poorly on motor and interactive processes only. No differences were found in terms of overall state organisation. PT-AGA also performed poorly on interactive and motor processes but were placed better than SGA babies. Here also no definite pattern was observed in organisational dimension. No significant effect of asphyxia on behavioural pattern of FT-AGA babies was observed when compared to FT-AGA non-anoxic babies.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed2000

Impact of the integrated child development services (ICDS) on maternal nutrition and birth weight in rural Varanasi.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of ICDS on maternal nutrition and birth weight. SETTING: 28 ICDS and 21 non-ICDS villages in two adjoining blocks of Varanasi. METHODS: 5289 pregnancies were registered during 1987-1993 in these two blocks. In the ICDS block 916 and 1453 nutrition supplemented and unsupplemented, respectively and 1748 of the non-ICDS live births with weight recorded within 48 h formed the study subjects. RESULTS: The ICDS supplemented mothers gained 100g more in pregnancy and birth weight was higher by 58 g (p < 0.05) as compared to unsupplemented ICDS mothers. Birth weight in unsupplemented ICDS areas was 25g higher as compared to non ICDS area. ICDS supplemented women had a significantly smaller proportion of low birth weight babies (14.4%) compared to ICDS unsupplemented (20.4%) and non-ICDS women (26.3%). The corresponding prevalence of preterm births was 2.0, 2.4 and 4.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that increased wight gain in pregnancy, length of gestation, caloric intake and term hemoglobin were significantly associated with birth weight. However, the length of gestation was not influenced by factors improving the birth weight. CONCLUSION: Undernourished pregnant women are benefitted by late pregnancy nutrition supplement

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Psycho-social dysfunctions in patients after recovery from mania and depression.

Contrary to popular opinion, complete functional recovery does not occur in approximately 25% of patients with a diagnosis of mood disorders. The current study aimed at finding the recovery status in major mood disorders. A sample group of 122 patients (77 bipolar and 45 major depression) was selected from the outpatient department, fulfilling the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. All patients had their index episodes at least one year prior to their date of inclusion and were either asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic during that time. Manics and depressives were rated with the Bech Raefelson Mania Scale (BRMS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) respectively. All the patients were also rated on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Dysfunction Analysis Questionnaire (DAQ) and Global Evaluation Scale of Disability Assessment Schedule by WHO (GES/DAS). They were compared with 40 age and sex matched normal controls. It was found that the symptomatic recovery was better than the functional recovery in both manics and depressives and patients with major depression were marginally more dysfunctional compared to those with mania. It is concluded that a majority of patients of both mania and depression do not achieve complete functional recovery and are in need of on-going psychosocial rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Significance of Cryptosporidium in acute diarrhoea in North-Eastern India.

In a hospital-based study, stool samples from 2095 patients of all ages were examined for different fungal, protozoal and bacterial enteropathogens over a period of 2 years (July 1994-June 1996). Cryptosporidium was detected in 151 specimens (7.2%) and was the third commonest pathogen found. The highest prevalence of this organism was in the group aged 16-45 years and during the rainy months (July-Oct.). Diarrhoea caused by the protozoon was of mild to moderate severity and features of dysentery were absent. Amongst other enteropathogens, Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated, followed by enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis (lamblia), Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas spp.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

Diarrhoea associated with Candida spp.: incidence and seasonal variation.

To study the incidence and seasonal variation of diarrhoea associated with Candida, 978 diarrhoeal stool specimens from patients of all age groups were examined by microscopy and culture. Candida spp. was the sole pathogen (unassociated with other diarrhoeagenic bacteria, protozoa, or helminths) in 15.3% of the total cases. Candida albicans (94.9%) was the predominant species isolated. The incidence was highest among the infants aged 0-12 months (37.1%), followed by a decline in the rest of the children aged less than 5 years with a second peak in the people aged over 5 years, including adults. The paediatric age group had a significantly higher incidence in the summer season compared to the rainy (p < 0.05) or winter (p < 0.01) months. Thus, there was a definite age and seasonal variation in the incidence of diarrhoea caused by the overgrowth of Candida in the Varanasi region of the Indian subcontinent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Epidemic of herpes zoster following HIV epidemic in Manipur, India.

Since 1989, injecting drug use (IDU) related HIV infection has affected thousands of young adults in Manipur, a north eastern state of India bordering Myanmar following a similar kind of epidemic in adjoining countries like Thailand and Myanmar. During a clinical surveillance of a group of HIV positive IDUs for a natural history study at Manipur, herpes zoster (HZ) emerged as the most specific early HIV related illness (positive predictive value of 100%) in patients belonging to the age group of 12-45 years. Data collected from the dermatology departments of the two main hospitals of the state revealed that there had been an epidemic of HZ since 1990 (rate of 1990 being 11.3/1000 compared to 6.5/1000 in 1989, P value < 0.0001) among males of 12-45 years. The epidemic of HZ has been attributed to the preceding epidemic of IDU related HIV in the same age and gender group occurring 1 year earlier. HZ should be recognised as a marker condition similar to tuberculosis indicating the necessity of screening for HIV in regions where the dual problem of IDU and HIV exist in young adults.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗