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Biomedical subjects

T B Young

Publications and source records attributed to T B Young.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Age as a predictor of an aggressive clinical course for superficial bladder cancer in men.

Tumor grade and stage are two of the strongest predictors for indolent versus aggressive clinical course in bladder cancer. To identify age-related trends in tumor aggressiveness the authors investigated the relationships of age with grade and stage. Pathologic specimens were obtained for 89% (527 of 590) of new bladder cancer cases among men older than 50 years of age reported to the state tumor registry in Wisconsin for 1988. Tumors were grouped as low grade (G1, G2) or high grade (G3), and as superficial (Ta) or invasive (greater than or equal to T1), according to the TNM system. This analysis included 485 transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) for which the authors determined stage-stratified and grade-stratified odds ratios for men 50 through 64 years of age and older than 65 years of age. Men older than 65 years of age with superficial TCC were more than three times as likely to have a high-grade malignancy than men 50 through 64 years of age (P = 0.01); the odds ratio was 3.44 (95% CI = 1.28, 9.26). A relationship was not apparent for invasive TCC. Age and stage were weakly associated for low-grade and high-grade TCC that may be due, in part, to the strong correlation of stage with grade as a prognostic indicator. These data suggest that men in older age groups are at increased risk for superficial bladder cancer of high grade, which portends an aggressive clinical course.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Home screening for hematuria: results of a multiclinic study.

The majority of urinary tract tumors cause bleeding in the urine. A program designed to detect hematuria before it is grossly apparent may contribute to earlier detection and more successful treatment of these malignancies. To test this hypothesis a hematuria home screening study was conducted. A total of 1,340 healthy men 50 years old or older used chemical reagent strips for 14 consecutive days to test the urine. Of the men 283 (21.1%) had at least 1 episode of hematuria. Of the 192 hematuria positive men who received a complete urological evaluation 16 (8.3%) had urological cancers and 47 (24.5%) had other hematuria-causing diseases that required immediate treatment. The quantity and frequency of hematuria were not related to disease severity. A hematuria home screening regimen is feasible and economical, and may promote the early detection of urinary tract cancers and other diseases in men more than 50 years old.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Urinary tract cancers found by homescreening with hematuria dipsticks in healthy men over 50 years of age.

In a homescreening study 235 asymptomatic men, 50 years of age and older without known causes of hematuria, tested their urine each week with a chemical reagent strip for the presence of blood for 1 year. Forty-four men had hematuria at least once, and 31 had a full urologic evaluation. Of these, eight were found to have urinary cancers and seven had nonmalignant diseases warranting immediate treatment. In six of these 15 men (only two with cancer) hematuria occurred in over 1/3 of the testings, and in four hematuria was found on microscopic urinalysis at the time of urologic evaluation. The degree of hematuria was unrelated to the seriousness of its cause. We conclude that in this population hematuria occurs intermittently and when found, regardless of quantity or symptoms, serious underlying pathology must be ruled out. Furthermore, regular hematuria home testing offers a promising means of detecting urinary cancers and other diseases that warrant therapy in asymptomatic men 50 years of age and older.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

A case-control study of breast cancer and alcohol consumption habits.

A population-based case-control study was conducted to investigate the contribution of alcohol consumption during the early adult years (ages 18-35 years) and later adult years (older than age 35) to breast cancer risk. Alcohol consumption histories were obtained by questionnaire from 277 breast cancer cases, 372 population controls, and 433 controls with cancer of sites other than breast. Alcohol exposure during both age periods was significantly greater for breast cancer cases, but risks, estimated by maximum likelihood odds ratios, were highest for alcohol consumption frequency during the early adult period. Age-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breast cancer risk and early age drinking (10 versus 0 drinks/week) were 2.2 (95% CI = 1.34, 3.5), relative to the population controls and 2.0 (95% CI = 1.3, 3.1) relative to the cancer controls. Based on later-age drinking of ten versus zero drinks/week, odds ratios were 1.8 (95% CI = 1.3, 2.6) and 1.6 (95% CI = 1.2, 2.2) relative to the population and cancer controls, respectively. The risk estimates were not altered by introduction of the following covariates into the analyses: mother with breast cancer, family status, education, body mass index, smoking, supplemental hormone use, and diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A validation study of body fat distribution as determined by self-measurement of waist and hip circumference.

The accuracy of self-measured waist and hip circumferences is investigated in 200 men and women 30-85 years old. Systematic bias is not found in circumferences measured by the men. Female subjects tend to underestimate waist circumference. This error is greatest in women with central fat distribution (characterized by waist:hip ratio). Misclassification of fat distribution pattern may result from this error, which may in turn lead to underestimation of associations between fat pattern and disease risk.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1988

Case-control study of proximal and distal colon cancer and diet in Wisconsin.

The relationship between diet and subsite-specific colon cancer was investigated using dietary histories obtained from a statewide, population-based sample of 152 proximal colon cancer patients, 201 distal colon cancer patients and 618 general population controls. The results do not support hypotheses that (1) dietary fat and cholesterol are more strongly related to proximal colon cancer and (2) vegetables and other dietary sources of fiber are more strongly associated with distal colon cancer. Vegetable consumption over lifetime was consistently protective for both proximal and distal colon cancer. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the most significant dietary factors (based on high vs. low consumption) for proximal colon cancer were: salad, 0.29 (0.17, 0.48); miscellaneous vegetables, 0.58 (0.35, 0.97); cruciferous vegetables, 0.59 (0.35, 0.97); processed lunchmeat, 2.04 (1.31, 3.17); pan-fried foods, 1.79 (1.15, 2.80); eggs, 1.75 (1.02, 2.99) and for distal colon cancer they were: salad, 0.43 (0.28, 0.67); cruciferous vegetables, 0.44 (0.28, 0.71); cheese, 0.62 (0.40, 0.96); processed lunchmeat, 1.79 (1.17, 2.73); pan-fried foods, 1.55 (1.03, 1.27). The results support recommendations that the "prudent diet" (low-fat, high-vegetable) may reduce colon cancer risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cross-sectional study of recurrent herpes labialis. Prevalence and risk factors.

Consecutive blood donors at 25 sites in southern Wisconsin were interviewed in 1985 to ascertain recurrent herpes labialis histories, other perioral conditions, and status on possible predisposing factors and correlates of lesion recurrence. The prevalence of recurrent herpes labialis was 32.9%. Of the cases, 51.3% reported at least two recurrences per year, 8.6% characterized their condition as severe, and 10% sought medical care. Relations were examined between recurrent herpes labialis and family history of the disease, ethnicity, complexion, hair and eye color, other chronic perioral conditions, solar radiation, exposure to dental procedures, and smoking. The risk of recurrent herpes labialis associated with disease in various first-degree family members, estimated by age-adjusted odds ratios (nominal 95% confidence intervals) were: mother, 3.30 (1.86-5.84); father, 3.80 (1.80-8.12); sister(s), 3.93 (2.25-6.89); and brother(s), 6.81 (3.14-15.04). Ethnicity and phenotypes were not related to disease status. Cases had a higher prevalence of recurrent aphthous ulcers (odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.79-5.02) and reported more exposure to solar radiation and more extensive dental histories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The significance of asymptomatic microhematuria in men 50 or more years old: findings of a home screening study using urinary dipsticks.

In an ongoing home screening study 231 men 50 or more years old without known causes of hematuria have tested their urine each week with a chemical reagent strip for the presence of blood. After 3 months of testing 23 patients have had hematuria at least once. Of these men 5 have had urinary cancers and 5 have had other serious underlying diseases requiring immediate treatment. In only 3 of these 10 men (only 1 with cancer) did hematuria occur in more than a third of the testings or on subsequent microscopic urinalysis. The degree of hematuria was unrelated to the seriousness of its cause. We conclude that in this population hematuria occurs so intermittently that when found on routine urinalysis, regardless of quantity, serious underlying pathological conditions must be ruled out aggressively. Furthermore, regular hematuria home testing appears to offer promise as an economical means to detect urinary cancers and other serious diseases in asymptomatic men 50 or more years old.

Hematuria↗
PubMed1987

Case-control study of colon cancer and drinking water trihalomethanes in Wisconsin.

A case-control study was conducted to test the hypothesis that chronic ingestion of trihalomethanes (THMs), occurring as chlorination byproducts in drinking water, carries a risk of colon cancer. Lifetime residential and water source histories and information on water-drinking habits, diet, sociodemographics, medical and occupation histories, lifestyle and other factors were obtained by questionnaire from a statewide sample of newly-diagnosed colon cancer cases (N = 347), controls with cancer of other sites (N = 639) and general population controls (N = 611). Since no data on past THM levels exists, it was necessary to devise a scheme to generate THM estimates for all Wisconsin water sources. For this, a statistical model based on quantitative THM measures and routinely-recorded data taken at 81 municipal water facilities was used in conjunction with individual residential histories to estimate lifetime and period-specific THM exposure for each case and control. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios adjusted for age, sex and urban living, for colon cancer and THM exposure. The study results indicate that THM in Wisconsin drinking water does not pose a significant colon cancer risk. Odds ratios for exposure to the middle and highest category of lifetime cumulative THM were 1.05 (95% Cl = 0.66-1.68) and 0.93(95%Cl = 0.55-1.57) respectively, relative to the cancer control group, and 1.10 (95%Cl = 0.68-1.78) and 0.73 (95% Cl = 0.44-1.21) respectively, relative to the general population controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An epidemiologic study of oral cancer in a statewide network.

A case-control study was conducted to investigate the risks of male and female oral, oropharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer associated with poor oral health, mouthwash use, occupation, histories of tobacco and alcohol use, and other factors. Data were collected from all newly diagnosed patients entered into the Wisconsin Head and Neck Cancer Network over an 18-month period (N = 623). The prevalence of painful or ill-fitting dentures was significantly higher among males and females with oral cavity cancer. Relative risks for painful dentures were 5.97 (males) and 1.60 (females); for ill-fitting dentures, the relative risks were 3.15 (males) and 2.15 (females). For males, high relative risks of oropharyngeal cancer were also found to be associated with these indicators of poor dentition. Other indicators of poor oral health, including toothbrushing frequency and prevalence of broken teeth, were not associated with oral cancer. Mouthwash use was not found to carry a risk of oral cavity, oropharyngeal, or hypopharyngeal cancer. The risks of upper aerodigestive cancers with smoking and alcohol were confirmed for males, and lifetime use patterns were explored. Notable sex differences in exposure to alcohol and tobacco were found. There was little evidence that past alcohol use was related to female oral cancer.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastric cancer mortality and nitrate levels in Wisconsin drinking water.

The association between nitrate levels in public and private sources of drinking water and gastric cancer mortality in Wisconsin was investigated in a case-control study. All gastric cancer deaths of Wisconsin residents from 1982 through 1985 were compared with deaths from other causes (controls), and nitrate levels in the home drinking water of these residents were determined. Nitrate measures for public sources were obtained from historic nitrate data from municipal sources that existed in 1970. Nitrate measures for private water sources were obtained by testing the wells individually at the existing residences. Controls were matched individually to gastric cancer cases with respect to sex, year of birth, year of death, Wisconsin birth, and Wisconsin residency at the time of death. Matched-pair analyses were performed on the paired data, and the following levels of nitrate-nitrogen exposure were used as indicators of exposure: 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/l. Matched-pair analysis was also performed for which private water supply constituted exposure. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were, respectively, 0.92 (0.75, 1.12); 0.97 (0.74, 1.35); 0.86 (0.69, 1.08); 1.50 (0.12, 18.25); and 1.09 (0.82, 1.47) for exposure to private well-water sources. These results did not indicate an increased risk of gastric cancer at any level.

Bias↗