Biomedical subjects

T Baccetti

Publications and source records attributed to T Baccetti.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

A clinical and statistical study of etiologic aspects related to associated tooth anomalies in number, size, and position.

BACKGROUND: The study was aimed to reveal patterns of association among five types of dental anomalies (aplasia of second premolars, small size of maxillary lateral incisors, infraocclusion of primary molars, ectopic eruption of first molars, and palatal displacement of maxillary canines) in an untreated orthodontic population, aged 7-14 years. METHODS: The prevalence of associated tooth anomalies in five groups of 100 subjects each and characterized by the constant presence of one primarily diagnosed dental anomaly was compared to the prevalence for the examined dental anomalies in a control group of 1,000 subjects, deriving from a common initial sample of 4,850 subjects. RESULTS: Significant reciprocal associations (p < 0.008) were found among four dental anomalies (aplasia of second premolars, small size of maxillary lateral incisors, infraocclusion of primary molars, and palatal displacement of maxillary canines), suggesting a common genetic origin for these conditions. Ectopic eruption of first molars appeared to be a rather separate pathological entity with respect to all other examined tooth anomalies. CONCLUSIONS: The statistically demonstrated existence of associations among different tooth anomalies is clinically relevant, since the diagnosis of those anomalies that appear earlier may indicate potential risk for later developing tooth and eruption disturbances.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Splint therapy for skeletal Class III malocclusion in the primary dentition.

An orthopedic appliance for the correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion in the primary dentition is described. The appliance consists of two resin splints with hooks for Class III elastic intraoral traction. Construction features and biomechanical aspects of the device are described along with the clinical evaluation of treatment effects in two case reports.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1998

Dentofacial characteristics associated with trauma to maxillary incisors in the mixed dentition.

The study investigated the dento-facial features of a group of 69 children with trauma to the maxillary central incisors in the mixed dentition compared to a control group of 100 children, in order to identify possible "anatomical" factors predisposing to this type of dental trauma. The group with dental trauma showed excessive proclination of upper incisors to the palatal plane (p < 0.001) and increased lower facial height (p < 0.001) as major characteristics associated to dental trauma. The role of early orthodontic treatment in the attenuation of these factors predisposing to traumatic injuries to frontal teeth is stressed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Shape-coordinate and tensor analysis of skeletal changes in children with treated Class III malocclusions.

The current study was undertaken to evaluate both maxillary and mandibular shape/size changes in children with Class III malocclusions, treated with a functional appliance (removable mandibular retractor). Nonconventional cephalometric methods (Bookstein's shape coordinate analysis, centroid size analysis, and tensor analysis) were applied to a maxillary triangle (T-FMN-A) and to a mandibular triangle (Co-Go-Pg). A group of 30 children with treated Class III malocclusions were compared with a matched group of 30 children with untreated Class III malocclusions. Treatment with the functional appliance produced a significantly increased growth of the maxilla, featuring a more downward and forward displacement of the region of point A and a significantly more upward and forward direction of condylar growth, leading to a "shrinkage" of total mandibular length. The biologic significance of some conventional cephalometric measurements used for the assessment of both maxillary and mandibular position and structure was tested.

Activator Appliances↗

PubMed1997

Predictive variables for the outcome of early functional treatment of Class III malocclusion.

The aim of this study was to select a model of cephalometric and occlusal predictive variables for the results of early treatment of Class III malocclusion, due to mandibular protrusion in the deciduous dentition. Lateral cephalograms and dental casts of 45 subjects (22 boys and 23 girls) with Class III malocclusion in the deciduous dentition were analyzed at the start of treatment (mean age 5.57 +/- 0.85 years). The patients were treated with a functional appliance (removable mandibular retractor). All subjects were reevaluated after a mean period of 9.54 +/- 2.28 years comprising active treatment plus retention. At this time, the sample was divided into two groups according to occlusal criteria: successful group (23 subjects) and unsuccessful group (22 subjects). Stepwise variable selection on the measurements at the time of first observation identified three predictive variables; the inclination of the condylar axis in relation to the stable basicranial line (CondAx-SBL), the inclination of the nasal line to the mandibular line (NL-ML), and the transverse width of the mandibular arch measured at the first deciduous molars. Discriminant analysis assigned a classificative power of 95.55% to the predictive model. On the basis of the equation generated by the multivariate statistical method, outcome of early treatment for each new case with Class III malocclusion in the deciduous dentition can be accordingly predicted. The important role of both vertical and transverse relationships in Class III prognosis was emphasized.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1997

Early dentofacial features of Class II malocclusion: a longitudinal study from the deciduous through the mixed dentition.

A group of 25 untreated subjects with Class II malocclusion in the deciduous dentition (featuring the concomitant presence of distal step, Class II deciduous canine relationship, and excessive overjet) was compared with a control group of 22 untreated subjects with ideal occlusion (flush terminal plane, Class I deciduous canine relationship, minimal overbite, and overjet) at the same dentitional stage. The subjects were monitored during a 2 1/2-year period in the transition from the deciduous to the mixed dentition, during which time no orthodontic treatment was provided. Occlusal analysis of the Class II group in the deciduous dentition revealed an average interarch transverse discrepancy due to a narrow maxillary arch relative to the mandible. All occlusal Class II features were maintained or became exaggerated during the transition to the mixed dentition. The skeletal pattern of Class II malocclusion in the deciduous dentition typically was characterized by significant mandibular skeletal retrusion and mandibular size deficiency. During the period examined, cephalometric changes consisted of significantly greater maxillary growth increments and smaller increments in mandibular dimensions in the Class II sample. Moreover, a greater downward and backward inclination of the condylar axis relative to the mandibular line, with consequent smaller decrements in the gonial angle, were found in the Class II group, an indication of posterior morphogenetic rotation of the mandible in patients with Class II malocclusion occurring during the period examined. The results of this study indicate that the clinical signs of Class II malocclusion are evident in the deciduous dentition and persist into the mixed dentition. Whereas treatment to correct the Class II problem can be initiated in all three planes of space (e.g., RME, extraoral traction, functional jaw orthopedics), other factors such as patient cooperation and management must also be taken into consideration before early treatment is started.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1997

Glenoid fossa position in different facial types: a cephalometric study.

The purpose of the present study was to analyse the position of the glenoid fossa in subjects with different sagittal and vertical skeletal features. A cephalometric study was carried out on a sample of 180 subjects (90 males and 90 females, aged 7-12 years) who were combined to form three groups (60 subjects each) according to skeletal sagittal relationships and three groups (60 subjects each) according to skeletal vertical relationships. Cephalometric analysis comprised both sagittal and vertical measurements for the assessment of the position of the glenoid fossa in relation to surrounding skeletal structures. As for sagittal measurements, TMJ position was more posterior in skeletal Class II when compared with skeletal Class III. In the vertical plane, the position of the glenoid fossa relative to basicranial structures was more caudal in low angle subjects when compared with subjects with normal or high angle vertical relationships. Both basicranial structures and the posterior nasal spine may be used as reference structures for the assessment of vertical position of the glenoid fossa in diagnosis and treatment planning.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1997

Craniofacial abnormalities associated with congenital fiber type disproportion myopathy.

Congenital Fiber-Type Disproportion myopathy (CFTD) is a relatively rare muscular disorder due to predominance and reduction in size of type 1 fibers, with large type 2 fibers. After a review of the clinical and histopathological aspects of the disease, the present work described craniofacial skeletal and EMG features of a 9-year-old child affected by CFTD. Narrow maxillary arch, incompetent lips, severe skeletal open bite, and EMG evidence of weakness of masticatory muscles, were found in the examined patient. All these findings are fully consistent with previously-reported craniofacial features of patients affected by myotonic disorders (muscular dystrophy), and they may represent important diagnostic signs of a congenital muscular disease.

Child↗

PubMed1996

Role of posterior transverse interarch discrepancy in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion during the mixed dentition phase.

Posterior transverse interarch discrepancy (PTID), measured as the difference between the maxillary and mandibular intermolar widths, was investigated in a sample of 60 Class II, Division 1 subjects during the mixed dentition phase. Two main groups were detected: Class II group 1 (30 subjects) with PTID and Class II group 2 (30 subjects) without PTID. A sample of 30 Class I subjects in the mixed dentition phase was used as a control group. In Class II group 1, PTID was found to be due to a significantly narrower maxillary arch. The craniofacial skeletal features of both Class II groups and of the Class I group were assessed. The Class II group with PTID showed mandibular retrusion associated with a posteriorly displaced mandible of normal size (functional mandibular retrusion). The Class II group without PTID had mandibular retrusion due to a micrognathic mandible (anatomic mandibular retrusion). The relevance of these findings for treatment planning in Class II, Division 1 malocclusion in the mixed dentition was stressed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Craniofacial changes induced by early functional treatment of Class III malocclusion.

To evaluate the effects of a functional appliance (removable mandibular retractor) on the craniofacial skeleton in children with Class II malocclusions, a longitudinal cephalometric study was performed. A sample of 30 children with treated Class III malocclusions (18 boys, 12 girls, mean age at the first observation 5.64 +/- 1.01 years, mean age at the second observation 8.43 +/- 1.73 years) was compared to a sample of 30 children with untreated Class III malocclusions (13 boys, 17 girls, mean age at first observation 6.06 +/- 1.14 years, mean age at the second observation 8.45 +/- 1.79 years) used as controls. The treated group matched the control group as to sex, age at the first observation, age at the second observation, observation period, Class III occlusal signs, and also as to angular craniofacial dimensions at the first observation. A cephalometric analysis based on a stable basicranial reference system was applied. The main significant findings in the treated group were an anterior morphogenetic rotation of the mandible as a result of an upward-forward direction of condylar growth, a more vertical orientation of the ramus, and a reduced gonial angle; reduced mandibular protrusion and total length; increased maxillary protrusion; increased maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and reduced mandibular dentoalveolar protrusion. No significant changes in the vertical craniofacial relationships and in cranial base angulation were observed. The role of an early correction of Class III occlusal relationship in the establishment of a more favorable craniofacial growth pattern was discussed.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1996

Floating norms for the assessment of craniofacial pattern in the deciduous dentition.

This study provides norms for the evaluation of individual skeletal patterns in subjects with full deciduous dentition. The method is based on the associations among correlated craniofacial measurements (S-N-A, S-N-B, NL-NSL, ML-NSL, N-S-Ba). The results are given in a graphical box-like form (floating norms). An easy practical procedure allows identification of either individual harmonious craniofacial features or anomalous deviations from the individual norm. The use of cephalometric floating norms in the deciduous dentition phase is strongly recommended for early diagnosis and treatment planning.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1996

[Autosomal chromosomes and anomalies of the oromaxillofacial area].

The study deals with genetic diseases due to anomalies in the number and structure of autosomal chromosomes associated with oro-facial malformations. Pertinent literature from 1980 and clinical cases for each defect were analyzed. By comparing clinical signs and symptoms with chromosome abnormalities it was possible to build an analytical diagram showing the prevalence of malformation exhibited by each anatomical oro-facial region (cranial, labial, palatal, nasal, ocular, dental, lingual region). A very high prevalence of malformation was assessed for lip-and-palate regions (78%). These region often shows "micro-signs" of cleft lip and/or palate (deep palatal vault, maxillary hypoplasia, congenitally missing upper central incisors) which may indicate the presence of a mildly expressed chromosome abnormality. The whole sample of autosomal chromosome abnormalities induce anomalies in structures lying along body and face mid-line. The phenotypic expression of such anomalies may be defective (cleft lip and/or palate), or excessive as well (excessive thickness of the lingual frenum, broadening of the nasal bridge).

Chromosome Aberrations↗

PubMed1995

Mandibular skeletal changes induced by early functional treatment of Class III malocclusion: a superimposition study.

A superimposition study on mandibular stable structures was performed to evaluate changes in mandibular rotation and in the direction of condylar growth induced by early treatment of Class III malocclusion by a functional appliance (removable mandibular retractor). A sample of 18 children with treated Class III malocclusions, mean age at the first observation (immediately before the beginning of treatment) 5.47 +/- 1.14 years, mean age at the second observation 8 +/- 1.29 years, mean observation period 2.5 +/- 0.9 years, was compared with a control group of 18 children with untreated Class III malocclusions, mean age at the first observation 5.72 +/- 1.11 years, mean age at the second observation 7.86 +/- 1.44 years, mean observation period 2.27 +/- 0.92 years. No statistically significant difference between the two groups was recorded for positional (total) rotation of the mandible. A significant upward-forward direction of condylar growth was assessed in the treated group (p < 0.001). This therapeutically induced change in growth direction of the mandibular condyle was considered a skeletal sign of anterior morphogenetic rotation of the mandible, i.e., a mechanism compensating for excessive mandibular growth.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1995

Associated dental anomalies in an Etruscan adolescent.

Three fragments of the upper jaw of an Etruscan adolescent of the 6th century B.C. discovered at the necropolis of Cancellone 1 (Magliano in Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy) were examined. A triad of associated dental anomalies was found: congenitally missing second premolars, "peg-shaped" permanent lateral incisors, and ectopic (palatal) eruption of a permanent canine. These findings provided the opportunity to discuss etiopathogenetic aspects of the associations among different types of tooth abnormalities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Thermal distortion of different materials in crown construction.

This study compared the thermal distortion of all-ceramic crowns with porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns. The materials exhibited different responses: metal ceramic crowns stabilized after an initial loss of marginal precision, and the all-ceramic crowns continued to distort with each firing cycle.

Aluminum Oxide↗

PubMed1994

Class III malocclusion in the deciduous dentition: a morphological and correlation study.

The craniofacial morphology of Class III children with a full deciduous dentition was investigated by means of a cephalometric and correlation study. A group of 69 Class III subjects was compared to a group of 60 Class I subjects during the phase of the primary dentition. Each group was then divided into three age subgroups (4, 5, and 6 years) and a comparison was also performed between Class III and Class I subgroups. According to the results, early signs of Class III skeletal disharmony are present during the deciduous dentition phase. A larger mandibular body length (P < 0.001), a greater value for the ratio between the extent of the anterior cranial base and the mandibular body length (P < 0.001), and a forward positioning of the mandible (< P0.01 < 0.001) were consistently found in Class III children at the ages of 4, 5, and 6 years. A correlation analysis between all the cephalometric measurements in the Class III and Class I groups was then carried out, and the significance of the differences between correlation coefficients of the two groups was calculated. A distinctive Class III pattern of non-topographical associations between anterior cranial base and mandibular measurements could be detected.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed1994

Dental and craniofacial findings in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia during the primary dentition phase.

A more detailed knowledge of dental and craniofacial features in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) during childhood is needed in order to include these characteristics among diagnostic criteria. The present study comprised 5 HED children, 4 males and 1 female, during the primary dentition phase. Clinical and radiological dental findings consisted of multiple congenitally missing primary teeth, conoid primary incisors, moderate to severe taurodontic second primary molars. Supernumerary cusps and diastema were found as well. A pattern of symmetry was assessed for hypodontia in the primary dentition. The cephalometric study compared the HED sample to a matched non-syndrome sample and revealed abnormally short maxillary depth (p < 0.05), strongly reduced lower facial height (p < 0.01) and a reduction in facial soft tissue thickness (p < 0.05 - p < 0.01) in HED children. The importance of an early diagnosis and treatment of HED dento-facial malformations so as to improve esthetics and function is stressed.

Anodontia↗

PubMed1994

Dental and craniofacial findings in a child affected by glycogen storage disease type III.

This paper reports on previously undescribed dentofacial features a child suffering from Glycogen-Storage Disease type III with hepatomegaly and hypertransaminasemia with muscular involvement. Deficient craniofacial development, reduced width of the upper jaw resulting in posterior cross-bite, and taurodontism of the primary dentition were found. Pathogenetic basis for craniofacial abnormalities is discussed. Cooperation between pediatricians and pediatric dentists is strongly recommended for an early diagnosis and treatment of the dentofacial defects of the syndrome.

Cephalometry↗