Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Bakke.
Primary ovarian gestation is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. Ovarian pregnancy comprises less than 3% of all ectopics. We describe two cases of ovarian pregnancy treated successfully by vidoelaseroscopy.
Today endoscopic laser is applied gastroenterology, urology and otorhinolaryngology, and the technique is being steadily developed. In the gynecological field the most commonly used technique is the CO2-laser, but the ND: YAG-laser is also being applied through the hysteroscope. At our department we have done 16 laparoscopic operations using the CO2 laser. The method is described and discussed.
It seems to be a widely held notion that the uterine cavity is larger during a woman's later pregnancies than during her first pregnancy. The direct evidence for this is, however, scarce. The umbilical cord length at term is one measure of the fetal intrauterine mobility, and therefore indirectly of the space in which the fetus moves. If the uterine cavity is larger during later pregnancies, the cord length of the babies in these pregnancies should be longer. We have compared the cord lengths of 1839 babies, divided into three groups: babies born of primiparous, secundiparous and tertiparous women. The difference in mean cord length is statistically significant between the first and the third group. This supports the theory of a larger intra-uterine space in later pregnancies. We also examined 159 mothers, measuring the umbilical cord length of their first and second babies. A significant positive correlation was found, in that the first baby tended to have the shorter cord. A control group with matching, but unrelated babies showed no such correlation. The results seem to us to support the stated theory further.
A current hypothesis on the linear growth of the umbilical cord states that cord length is a function of fetal intrauterine motor activity. If there is some type of intrauterine constraint, the tensile forces on the cord will be diminished, and cord length at term will be shorter than if no such constraint is present. One would expect that the voluntary movements of twins would develop under a constraint and that they would have less free space to move compared with single fetuses. If this hypothesis is valid, cord lengths of twins at term would be shorter than those of single pregnancy infants. We measured the cord lengths of 118 infants in 59 twin births and compared them with cord lengths in 9601 single pregnancies. We found that on the average, the umbilical cord length of the twins was 7.90 cm shorter than that of single pregnancy infants.
The present study is based on two previously stated theories: (1) that the umbilical cord length is influenced by fetal motor activity and (2) that the breech presentation is associated with low fetal motor activity. From this one would expect the mean cord length to be shorter in breech presentations as compared with vertex. This was indeed found to be the case. An already known difference between the sexes regarding cord length was also confirmed, and a difference in male:female ratio in the two presentations is shown. The results of the study thus seem to support the two stated theories.
The relationship between ATP and energy charge was studied in individuals of Cirolana borealis under heavy metabolic stress caused by anoxia or exposure to toluene. Prolonged anoxia led to a lowering of the ATP content to about 10% after 4 days, with a simultaneous decrease in energy charge to about 0.25. A lowering of the total adenylate pool reduced the fall in energy charge somewhat, but this effect was marked only in late anoxia when the individuals had become inactive. Exposure to 0.14 mM toluene for 8 days led to a similar decrease in ATP and energy charge. Exposure to 1.4 mM toluene for 24 h led to only slight changes in the adenine nucleotide pool, although the individuals became narcotized within a few hours. The energy charge associated with moribund individuals thus varied much. The mechanism of energy charge stabilization through reduction of the adenine nucleotide pool as ATP declined seemed to be of little significance for the survival of the individuals.
The phenolic metabolites of biphenyl in the crustacean Cirolana borealis LILJEBORG (ISOPODA), the gastropod Buccinum undatum L and the ophiuroid Ophiocomina nigra ABILDGAARD have been analysed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively as trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, respectively. The findings demonstrate the in vivo metabolic capacity of these organisms to convert biphenyl into its hydroxylated derivatives. Thus, 2-hydroxybiphenyl is the most prominent metabolite detected in all these experiments, which also showed that minor amounts of the 4-hydroxy and 4,4'-dihydroxy metabolites are formed. Metabolites of biphenyl origin are found both in the sea water from the aquaria and in the tissue of the respective marine organisms. The experiments, moreover, indicate a slow metabolism of biphenyl in C. borealis, B. undatum and O. nigra, between which no qualitative metabolic differences are found.
Two brothers with severe combined immunodeficiency were treated with repeated transplantations of fetal thymus tissue. The first patient was not treated until he was critically ill, and the intramuscular transplants had no effect. He died at 11 months of age of overwhelming pneumonia. At postmortem examination a transplanted thymus seemed viable. In the second patient an intramuscular transplant had no effect, but three subsequent intraperitoneal transplants led to transient increase in circulating T lymphocytes with a concomitant fall in B lymphocytes. The results suggested an additive effect of each transplant. However, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests and in vitro mitogen responses were not influenced. Initially, transfer factor was given, and fetal liver was administered intraperitoneally together with the last thymic transplant. Neither of these measures had any observed effect, and this patient, similarly, died of pneumonia at nearly 12 months of age.
Two growth curves of the fetal biparietal diameter are presented. One is prospective, based on the last menstrual period, while the other is retrospective, calculated from the date of birth. The prospective curve shows a slight decline in average values following the week 42 of gestation. This is thought not to reflect a true shortening of the biparietal diameter in the single fetus, since serial measurements in single fetuses show growth up to the time of delivery. Individual growth curves, grouped according to the weight-for-dates of the newborn child, show a trend towards longer biparietal diameters in the larger fetuses. Serial measurements, preferably starting before week 30, appear to be a good help in predicting birth weight, but growth rates without regard to the actual measurement values were of little prognostic value in the present material.
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A new ultrasonic instrument for the determination of sound velocity in tissue is described. The instrument has been used in this investigation to measure the sound velocity in heparinized whole blood samples. The corresponding hematocrit values of the blood samples were determined by the packed cell volume test. The measurements in the hematocrit range of approx. 30-55 indicate a high degree of correlation between the hematocrit value and the respective blood sound velocity (S.E.E.=1.3 and r=0.96). Repeated measurements of the same blood samples up to 1 hr after collection of the blood show very small changes in reading of sound velocity, provided the samples were kept at a constant temperature and well stirred. The ultrasonic measurement is quick and simple to perform, and the blood specimen is not changed by the measuring process.
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