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Biomedical subjects

T Bartels

Publications and source records attributed to T Bartels.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Preliminary examinations on the effects of the breed characteristic feature "feather crest" on skull and brain anatomy of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos f. dom.)].

As mentioned in older sources, the crested breed of the domestic duck is described as variety with high pre- and postnatal mortalities, malformations in skull and brain anatomy, and several central nervous deficiencies in affected birds. Therefore this breed is to be called defective and abnormal in the sense of section 11b of the German protection of animals legislation. Poultry fanciers reject these findings as incorrect, but accurate scientific examinations that bear out this allegation are not available. Preliminary examinations have demonstrated that brain and skull anatomy of living animals can be described by using non-invasive diagnostic techniques (magnet-resonance-imaging, computerized tomography, radiography). The use of this progressive methods enables to expressive findings on present stocks of domestic ducks. Many of the test animals investigated in preliminary examinations by using magnet-resonance-imaging and radiography showed abnormal tissue deposits in the tentorium cerebelli, meningo-encephalocele, cranial malformations, and variable bone formations in the thickened hypodermis of the crest. If crested ducks are mated against each other, numerous offspring show malformations of upper beak and cranium, encephalocele, as well as craniopagal parasites in form of rudimentary legs.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Molecular studies of the acute infection, latency and reactivation of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in the mouse model.

The murine intranasal (i.n.) infection model was used to study the molecular distribution of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) during acute infection, latency and following a reactivation stimulus. After inoculation, infectious virus was detected in lungs, nasal turbinates, brains and olfactory bulbs during the acute phase. A nested PCR (nPCR) readily detected virus in these tissues and, in addition, virus was detected in spleens and (in the second round of nPCR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A digoxigenin-labelled in situ hybridization probe detected EHV-1 DNA in bronchiolar and vascular endothelium in the lungs and in and around germinal centres in the spleens. One month later, although infectious virus was absent from all tissues, the trigeminal ganglia, olfactory bulb and PBMC remained positive for virus DNA although this was detected only on the second round of nPCR. Furthermore, in situ hybridization, using either DNA or RNA probes, suggested that little or no transcription of virus occurred in neural tissues during the 'latent phase'. Following a reactivation stimulus, infectious virus was not isolated from any tissues, however, EHV-1 DNA was detected on the first round of nPCR in olfactory bulb, trigeminal ganglia and PBMC. This suggested a quantitative increase in EHV-1 DNA occurred following reactivation stimulus. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the molecular state of EHV-1 in different tissues at various stages of infection and the validity of the murine model for studying latency and reactivation of EHV-1 in the horses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

["Breeding for distress" in fowl].

During the last hundred years the fancying and breeding of exhibition poultry became very popular as free time activity. Certain breeding standards were set, and the aim of actual breeding endeavours is to meet these standards through selective breeding. Not only were serious defects established as standard qualities (e.g. domestic ducks with feather crests, rumplessness, and ear-tufts in the domestic fowl), but certain distinctive marks were changed into excessive formations (e.g. pigeon breeds with large, cauliflower-like wattles, or enlarged crops and severe behaviour changes). Accurate analysis of such breeding efforts shows that these breeds are to be called defective and abnormal in the sense of section 11b of the German protection of animals legislation. Whether an increased embryonic mortality, especially during the hatching period, constitutes a condemnable state of cruelty against is recently being discussed. Criticised are also standard features which handicap, in varying degrees, certain functional systems of the natural behaviour patterns. Section 11b of the German protection of animal legislation in its present wording is definitely no sufficient mean to control the contemporary excess in breeding of domestic animals.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed1994

T-lymphocyte responses in guinea pigs vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease virus.

The guinea pig provides an alternative experimental model for analysis of the immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). The cellular immune response against FMDV in this experimental animal is unknown and was analyzed by in vivo and in vitro studies. In guinea pigs immunized with an FMDV A5 vaccine, a marked change in T-lymphocyte count appeared. For analyzing which functional T-cell compartment was affected, immunofluorescence studies, using monoclonal antibodies directed against differentiation antigens on guinea pig lymphoid cells, were performed. The proliferating T-cells were predominantly CD4-positive and, therefore, helper cells. T-cells from these animals were re-stimulated in vitro with homologous inactivated virus. The antigen-specific proliferative response of the T-cells in vitro was measured using the thymidine incorporation assay. A proliferative response to FMDV was observed that depended on the dose of the antigen. High concentration of virus had an inhibitory effect on T-cell proliferation. These data indicate that the guinea pig is a useful model for analysis of T-cell mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis and immunity of foot-and-mouth disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of adjuvant formulations on the induction of virus-neutralizing and virus-binding antibodies by chemosynthetic peptides of VP1 of foot-and-mouth-disease virus.

Synthetic peptides corresponding to the 141-160 amino acid sequence of the protein VP1 of virus type O1 Kaufbeuren (O1K) and A5 Riems (A5R) were conjugated to thyroglobulin and mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) together with Quil A. Although the peptide of A5R, together with IFA and Quil A, or with CFA, elicited a high antibody response to the virus in the ELISA, formula containing both IFA and Quil A induced only high titres of virus-neutralizing antibodies in rabbits. These adjuvant formulas did not display significant differences with regard to side effects.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1994

Morphogenesis of the osteo-architecture in the carnassial region of the feline mandible, as demonstrated by microfocal radiography.

For the first time, osteogenesis was observed using direct magnifying microradiography, a noninvasive technique that has a high power of resolution. Thus, it was possible to correlate different stages of bone maturation in the feline mandible with specific functional demands. Our observations suggest a relationship between osseous structure and the mode of feeding and content of the diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Arrangement of elastic fibres in the integument of domesticated mammals.

The hairy skin of important domesticated mammals (12 species) was studied with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, laser scanning microscopy, and several light microscopical methods, to obtain more information about three-dimensional elastic fibre arrangement. It was obvious that there is a basic construction scheme of the elastic fibre meshwork as present in the upper and mid-dermis, with special regard to the size, number, and grouping of hair follicles. In the densely-haired species, in particular, a typical elastic mat with horizontal fibres is formed. In many of the sparsely-haired animals, the upper and mid-dermis show a sponge-like elastic system. In the rather massive, collagen-rich skin of large species, the lower two thirds of the dermis without hair follicles only possess a loosely-structured elastic network, but thick elastic sheets are found at the border zone with the hypodermis. Specific features appear with regard to the type of mechanical strain exerted, different body regions, varying hair follicle density, or as connected with the anchoring of the hair follicle complex, blood vessels, and nerves.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Demonstration of NADPH-diaphorase (NO-synthase) in the apocrine and eccrine skin glands of domesticated mammals.

The study demonstrates a strong enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical reaction staining for NADPH-diaphorase/NO-synthase in the secretory cells of the apocrine glands in the hairy skin, and the eccrine glands in the foot pads of domesticated mammals. The results obtained are discussed in view of a regulatory action of the NO generated by these enzyme activities, implying a direct influence of NO on the contractile properties of glandular myoepithelial cells. In this way, a basic and simple mechanism to couple secretion production and secretion extrusion can be proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Instructions for the correct use of zoologically relevant species designations for our domestic and laboratory animals, with reference to the current nomenclature of their breed types].

This study is concerned with the correct use of the scientific zoological nomenclature for domesticated and laboratory animals. With the help of four tables, additionally, the most current latin names of all important domesticated animals (animals of economic importance, ranch-bred animals, companion animals, fancy animals, laboratory animals) are given. The authors suggest a formal nomenclature for domesticated animals which should principally be related to the scientific name of the parent species (binomially and in italics), as always followed by the completion "forma domestica/f. dom." (not in italics). Problems arising from the use of such scientific names when hybridization and introgression is concerned are also discussed, and appropriate nomenclature is proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Skin and plumage changes in domestic birds. II. Plumage changes].

The study describes plumage modifications and specific feather malformations, as related to the domestication process of different poultry species. The modifications include naked necks, leg feathering, frizzle feathering, silky feathering, fat quills, and feather abnormalities caused by behavioural hypertrophies. Most of these plumage modifications correspond to the breed standard for exhibition poultry fancy. However, they impair the normal function of these animals. The negative influences comprise disorders in social behaviour, loss of typical plumage functions and disabilities of normal mobility, as well as genetic defects and pathogenic predispositions.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Skin and plumage changes in domestic birds. II. Plumage changes--1].

Modifications of the plumage and specific feather malformations, as developed during the domestication process of different poultry species are described. The modifications include henny feathering, elongated feathers, ear tufts, muffs, and increased numbers of tail feathers. The greater part of these plumage modifications is generally of interest for exhibition poultry fancy. Several of the plumage abnormalities presented distinctly impair the normal species-typical way of life of the animals concerned. The spectrum of negative influences comprises disorders in social behaviour, loss of, or restrictions in typical plumage functions such as weather susceptibility, as well as disabilities of normal mobility. Finally, genetic defects and pathogenic predispositions are also connected with such plumage modifications.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A quick and effective method for the maceration of vertebrates].

This study describes a method which uses enzymatic additions of detergents (household washing products) to macerate small vertebrates or their heads, respectively, in a rapid, most effective, careful, rather odorless way and without any pollution of the environment. The maceration solution produced excellent results when applied to fresh or deep-frozen specimens as well as to ethanol-fixed material, while the results with formalin-fixed specimens were unsatisfying.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Skin and plumage changes in domestic birds. I. Skin changes].

This study presents modifications of the common integument and specific integumental structures developed during the domestication process of different poultry species. These modifications include dewlaps, variations of the comb, ear lobes, and wattles, size and form variations of the beak, exuberances of the cere and orbital skin, spur defects, loss of the uropygial gland, and crop dilatations. Most skin modifications were genetically manifested by exhibition poultry, and perpetuated by deliberate selective breeding. Several of the skin modifications described severely impair the normal, species-typical way of life of the animals concerned. The range of negative influences exerted by some of the fancy breed characteristics includes physical disabilities as well as disorders in food intake, reproduction, and social behaviour. Additionally, genetic defects and pathogenic predispositions can be found.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[The "protective acid coat" of the skin of our domestic animals].

The study reviews and discusses functional aspects of the so-called "acid mantle" of the integumentum commune of domesticated mammals and birds. The problems referred to are closely related to the skin surface-pH and different factors influencing this phenomenon (chemical composition of the skin surface film, secretory activity of apocrine tubular glands, structure of the microflora, lack of skin glands in birds). It becomes evident, that an "acid mantle" of the skin of domesticated animals cannot be verified, and that normal skin-pH (medium values weakly acid to alkaline) exerts no microbicidal effects. Integumental antimicrobial properties may rather be connected with free fatty acids as decomposition products of skin lipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Chemosynthetic peptides against foot-and-mouth disease--immune response to free and carrier bound peptides of the VP1 of O1-Kaufbeuren].

Three peptides of main epitope of FMD virus O1-Kaufbeuren, VP1 (16, 21, 31), were found to induce in the 130-160 sequence range, in free and/or carrier-bonded form, virus-neutralising antibodies in guinea pig, rabbit, mouse, swine, and cattle. Five carrier proteins were tested, with thyroglobulin, next to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), being most effective for 16-peptides (145-160) and 21-peptides (141-160 Tyr161). To protect guinea pig from FMD, minimum dosage of 21-peptide was found to be 2 x 8 micrograms. The immunogenic spectrum of peptides and conjugates proved to be broader than that of monovalent vaccines of inactivated virus. Free peptides were found to be also capable in vitro of inhibiting virus infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Modification of lipoxygenase products in bone by the linoleic acid content of the diet].

Eicosanoids are supposed to participate in the regulation of bone metabolism. 30 male white rats of the wistar strain were fed on a diet rich in linoleic acid (LA), on a diet poor in LA and on a pellet diet after 3 month up to an age of 5 month. The formation of leukotrienes (LT) C4, D4, and E4 from the proximal tibia metaphysis after LA rich diet has been compared to the formation from LA poor and pellet diet. LA rich diet increased the formation of LTC4, D4 and E4 in the proximal tibia metaphysis. The properties of eicosanoids as local mediators in the bone were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Riems foot-and-mouth disease oil emulsion vaccines for swine. 1. Development and testing of highly effective and well-tolerated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine for swine using Dessauer oil adjuvants].

Swine plays a very particular role in FMD epizootiology. It is, therefore, absolutely necessary to have highly effective vaccines available for this species at all times. They have to ensure early buildup of long-lasting strong immunity even after one single application. Since the effectiveness of conventional adsorbate vaccines had proved to be insufficient, monovalent and trivalent oil emulsion vaccines were specifically developed of swine, using a GDR-made oil adjuvant. Stable immunity is very soon induced by them to endangered pig stock even against the immunologically problematic sub-types O1 and A5 after one single subcutaneous (s.c.) application of 2 ml (monovalent) or 5 ml (trivalent). Application establishes in s.c. connective tissue an oil emulsion depot that leads to formation of a vaccination granuloma. The immunocompetent cells identified in the latter are morphologically correlated to adjuvant action.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗