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Biomedical subjects

T Bjerkeset

Publications and source records attributed to T Bjerkeset.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis and routines in abdominal injuries].

In patients with suspected intra-abdominal injuries the diagnostic process must conclude with a decision to do a laparotomy or to observe the patient. If the circulation is unstable because of intra-abdominal bleeding, or the patient has peritonitis, he must be operated on without delay. Otherwise, a range of different diagnostic tools may be chosen. It is wise to work according to a plan and to choose diagnostic methods that are able to give considerable help in deciding whether to operate or not. Ultrasonography or computed tomography will often be good choices.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1989

[Abdominal injuries. Occurrence and outcome].

A retrospective study of intra-abdominal injuries treated during the ten-year period 1977 to 1986, show that road traffic accidents were responsible for the injury in 38% of 221 patients. Accidents from sports and recreation were the cause in 23% of the cases. The median age was 19 years. Renal injuries were most common, followed by splenic injuries. 119 patients (54%) were operated for abdominal injury. 90 patients (41%) needed blood transfusions and 29 (13%) were treated by respirator. 95 patients had concommitant extraabdominal injuries. The overall lethality was 9%.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1989

[Grading and prognosis of abdominal injuries].

The present study was carried out in order to find out the relationship between injury grading and the use of different resources and the result of the treatment in patients with intra-abdominal injuries. The injuries were graded according to two trauma scores: The Injury Severity Score and the Norwegian Injury Score. In 221 patients with intra-abdominal injuries there were good correlations between these two scores and the time of hospitalization, units of blood transfusions, need for respirator treatment and lethality.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1987

Tumor characteristics in colorectal cancer and their relationship to treatment and prognosis.

Two hundred sixty one patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum were studied with respect to histopathologic and macroscopic tumor characteristics. Nonmetastatic disease was associated significantly with well-differentiated tumors, tumors with pronounced inflammation, and polypoid adenocarcinomas. There was a higher proportion of poorly-differentiated tumors in the right colon. Inflammatory changes were uncommon in rectal lesions; these tumors were more often polypoid than in other locations. Survival was significantly influenced by tumor differentiation, degree of inflammation, macroscopic appearance, and tumor size. Well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, less than 2 cm in diameter, and well-differentiated polypoid adenocarcinomas, less than 4 cm in diameter, were all found in patients with Dukes' stage A tumors. Such patients may be candidates for local excision if the tumor is located in the distal part of the rectum.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Standardized treatment of colorectal cancer. A prospective study.

304 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma underwent standardized, aggressive treatment which included wide resection, adjuvant radio- or chemotherapy and management of advanced disease. The mean age of the patients was 68 years; 50% were older than 70 years, and 17% above 80 years. The resectability rate was 86.2%. Overall postoperative mortality was 7.3%, in patients operated on for cure 5.7%, and in patients more than 80 years 16.3%. The highest postoperative mortality was seen following right hemicolectomy and deaths were mainly caused by anastomotic leakage and myocardial infarction. In patients with primarily inoperable rectal cancer treated with irradiation and followed by attempted curative surgery, the estimated 5-year survival was 38%. In patients with operable rectal cancer treated with preoperative irradiation followed by surgery the 5 year survival was 69% as compared to 45% for those treated with surgery only. Adjuvant cytostatic therapy in patients with colonic tumours of Dukes B and C stages did not improve survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of oral ftorafur and intravenous 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced cancer of the stomach, colon or rectum.

In this prospective randomized study the effect of oral Ftorafur was compared with that of intravenous 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach, colon or rectum. Forty-five patients were evaluable. The overall response rates were 26.9% in the 5-fluorouracil group, 26.7% in the Ftorafur group. The median duration of response was 6 months in both groups. Survival in the 5-fluorouracil group was slightly better than in the Ftorafur group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The myelosuppressive effect of 5-fluorouracil was significantly stronger than that of Ftorafur. Gastrointestinal side effects were more pronounced in the Ftorafur group, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1984

Prophylactic regimens in colorectal surgery. Comparison between metronidazole used alone or in combination with either ampicillin or doxycycline.

Sixteen hospitals are participating in this study, that started in October 1982 and will be concluded when 456 patients have been admitted. The study includes patients eligible for elective colorectal surgery. Inclusion criteria, surgical techniques, definition of recognizable infection, sampling of specimens for bacteriological investigations, bacteriologic techniques, and evaluation criteria were standardized. Patients were divided into 2 main groups. Patients in Group 1 received either a single intravenous dose of 1500 mg metronidazole or this dose was combined with a single, intravenous dose of 6 g ampicillin. Patients in group 2 received either a single intravenous dose of 1500 mg metronidazole or this dose combined with a single intravenous dose of 400 mg doxycycline. Dosage regimens were allocated randomly. The current results concern 136 patients. Postoperative infections were seen in 6.7% of the patients receiving metronidazole alone, and 2.9% of the patients receiving metronidazole + ampicillin (Group 1). In Group 2, postoperative infection occurred in 17.1% of the patients receiving metronidazole alone, and in 2.7% of those receiving metronidazole + doxycycline.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of Nissen fundoplication operation on the competence of the lower esophageal sphincter.

The results of Nissen fundoplication operation were evaluated in 12 patients with hiatus hernia and gastroesophageal reflux before and 3, 6, and 12 months after the operation. Excellent clinical results as evidenced by absence of dysphagia, esophagitis, and radiological signs of reflux were obtained in 11 patients. One year after operation one patient developed renewed reflux and slight esophagitis, probably due to sliding of the fundoplication. The resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) increased from 5.4 +/- 5.8 cm H2O (mean +/- S.D.) before the operation to 11.8 +/- 5.0 cm H2O 3 months after operation (p less than 0.01). At 6 and 12 months the mean resting pressure (9.5 +/- 4.6 and 8.0 +/- 3.9 cm H2O, respectively) was not significantly different from the preoperative value. Compared with the preoperative LES pressure after pentagastrin stimulation (10.8 +/- 13.9 cm H2O) the pressure 3 months after operation had increased to 33.6 +/- 11.7 (p less than 0.001), after 6 months to 21.6 +/- 7.0 (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.02, and after 12 months to 22.1 +/- 9.0 cm H2O (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.02). In two patients the stimulated pressure decreased after 6 and 12 months; both are completely free of symptoms. We suggest that assessment of the competence of the LES after fundoplication by pressure measurement is of limited value.

Aged↗