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Biomedical subjects

T Cameron Wild

Publications and source records attributed to T Cameron Wild.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Substance abuse treatment and pressures from the criminal justice system: data from a provincial client monitoring system.

AIMS: Compulsory treatment is discussed increasingly as a way to reduce the population burden of addictive behaviours. This study explores the extent to which social control strategies exercised through the criminal justice system are used to bring people into substance abuse treatment at a system level. We also assessed whether particular subgroups may be more or less likely to be brought into treatment in this manner. DESIGN: We employed a secondary analysis of data from a client-based information system which captured demographic, referral and substance use characteristics from people seeking treatment for substance abuse. PARTICIPANTS: A census of clients (n = 45123) entering specialized Ontario addiction treatment programmes between 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2000. FINDINGS: Some 28.9% of clients reported legal problems at treatment intake, and 13.9% had an explicit corrections-related condition of treatment contact. Logistic regression analyses indicated that legal problems and corrections-related conditions of treatment were more prevalent among younger, unmarried and unemployed males, who had not completed high school. A number of important interactions were identified between these factors and substance of abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Implications for equity, accessibility and effectiveness of substance abuse treatment are discussed in relation to the tendency of treatment mandates from criminal justice system to disproportionately affect the entry of this segment of substance-abusing clients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effects of gender in social control of smoking cessation.

This study of 93 men and 117 women smokers during an ongoing quit attempt examined the roles of gender and social network influences on quitting. For men, social influences appeared to positively affect their ability to reduce their smoking but were less effective for women. Specifically, increased reports of a spouse or partner's influence, and family and friends' influence, were associated with greater reductions in men's smoking 2 days and 4 months post quit date, respectively. In contrast, for women, greater reports of spouse or partner influence and of family and friends' influence were associated with smaller reductions in smoking. Sex differences in social control strategies and perceived autonomy supportiveness of those strategies are discussed as possible explanations for these results.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Compulsory substance abuse treatment: an overview of recent findings and issues.

An overview of research trends and issues in the area of compulsory substance abuse treatment is presented, using a sample of 170 English-language articles obtained from a search of 4 databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, supplemented by a manual search). About half (51%) of these articles were non-empirical (i.e. literature reviews, policy proposals, legal and ethical commentaries on compulsory treatment). A subsample of empirical studies published since 1988 (n = 71) was coded to summarize research trends in relation to 3 key issues: (1) how compulsory treatment was studied (country of origin; type of compulsory treatment; treatment population), (2) the evidence base for judging effectiveness of compulsory treatment (research design; sampling; type, timing and results of outcome measures), and (3) the relationship between compulsory treatment and coercion (measurement strategies). Directions for future research are discussed.

Coercion↗
PubMed2002

Personal drinking and sociocultural drinking norms: a representative population study.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined relationships between personal drinking and perceived social norms for alcohol use. It was hypothesized that frequent heavy drinkers (i.e., those consuming five or more drinks at least once a week or greater in the last 12 months) would exhibit biases in sociocultural expectations for alcohol use. METHOD: A representative sample of Ontario residents who had consumed alcohol in the previous 12 months (N = 937, 51.8% women, mean [SD] age = 42.7 [15.2] years) compared their own alcohol use with the drinking habits of friends, coworkers and the general public. Respondents rated the importance of seven psychosocial factors that might define "problem drinking" and estimated the number of drinks social and problem drinkers are likely to have in different contexts. RESULTS: Compared with lighter drinkers, frequent heavy drinkers (1) believed that heavy alcohol use is more normative in social reference groups, (2) overestimated the amount of alcohol that social and problem drinkers consume in different contexts, (3) rated several criteria (e.g., frequency of intoxication) as less definitive of problem drinking and (4) did not exhibit pluralistic ignorance (i.e., they shifted private approval of the drinking habits of others to match [mistaken] social norms of reference groups). CONCLUSIONS: Frequent heavy drinkers calibrate their beliefs about drinking in reference groups in order to view their drinking as normative. Results are discussed in relation to the development of brief public health interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Treating alcohol problems with self-help materials: a population study.

OBJECTIVE: An experimental trial was used to assess the effectiveness of a self-help book and a personalized assessment-feedback intervention, both separately and in combination with each other, in a general population survey. METHOD: Participants (N = 86; 66.3% male) were recruited through a random digit dialing telephone survey conducted by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in a two-by-two factorial design: "no-intervention" control group, "personalized feedback only," "self-help book only" and "both personalized feedback and self-help book." Respondents were followed up in 6 months' time, and differences in drinking status were compared between experimental conditions using a multivariate analysis of covariance with baseline drinking severity as the covariate. RESULTS: Support was provided for an interaction hypothesis in which respondents who received both interventions reported significantly improved drinking outcomes at 6-month follow-up, compared with respondents who received just one of the interventions or who received no intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Because respondents were recruited from a representative sample of the general population into a randomized trial with a no-intervention control group, this research design maximized both external and internal validity in examining the effectiveness of self-help interventions.

Alcohol Drinking↗