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T Carson

Publications and source records attributed to T Carson.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Dental health and access to dental treatment: a comparison of drug users and non-drug users attending community pharmacies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the self-reported oral health, access to dental treatment and recent use of dental services among a group of drug users attending community pharmacies and to make a comparison with a group of age and gender matched community non-drug users/patients not using services for drug users. METHOD: Review instrument completed by pharmacist interviewing drug users and other pharmacy users. SETTING: Community pharmacists SAMPLING: All known drug users attending participating pharmacies plus an equivalent number of age and gender matched non-drug using pharmacy customers. Final sample size drug users N = 125; non-drug users N = 129. KEY FINDINGS: The data show that drug users self-report considerably more difficulty in accessing dental treatment, are less likely to have visited the dentist in the last 12 months and have a significantly higher level of self-assessed oral health problems, with less use of treatment services than non drug users. CONCLUSIONS: Drug users need to be encouraged to access free dental treatment available to them on the NHS. Closer collaboration between the dental profession and others in contact with drug users, such as community pharmacists, may enhance uptake of dental services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 on a farm open to the public: outbreak investigation and longitudinal bacteriological study.

Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 phage type 2 (PT2) was isolated from three calves and two goats on a farm open to the public. Phenotypic and DNA-based typing showed that the strains were identical or very closely related to those obtained from an outbreak of VTEC O157 infection in two separate family groups who visited the farm. No VTEC O157 PT2 was isolated again from the farm during a 12-month longitudinal bacteriological study undertaken after the infected animals had been removed. However, phenotypically and genotypically indistinguishable VTEC O157 PT2/28 strains were detected in two of 474 faecal samples collected at monthly visits from 15 species of animals of various ages. The two isolates were obtained from calves from different sources sampled 146 days apart, suggesting that the infection had persisted on the farm although it was not detected in the other species. The same strain was subsequently isolated from another calf housed in the same pen as one of the infected calves. The longest period during which the organism was excreted was seven days. No VTEC O157 was isolated either from 204 replacement animals (including 138 orphan lambs and 10 calves) brought in from various sources, and sampled while they were kept in isolation for two weeks before being introduced to the farm, or from environmental samples. During the study a visitor became ill with VTEC O157 PT2. However, the isolate was distinct from those recovered from the farm and there was no evidence to suggest that the visit was the source of the infection.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2000

Differences in food patterns at breakfast by sociodemographic characteristics among a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Eating breakfast is considered an important determinant of a healthy lifestyle. This study explores the different food patterns of breakfast for adults aged 18-65 in the United States. METHODS: Data are from the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals, n = 15,641. Dietary assessment method used was the 24-h recall. Nutrient differences among the breakfast food patterns as well as the sociodemographic characteristics of individuals following each eating pattern are examined. RESULTS: The primary food patterns were based on consumption of eggs (15.3% of adults), ready-to-eat cereals (17.4%), bread (21.7%), cooked cereal (4.4%), fruit and fruit juice (5.5%), and coffee, soft drinks, and high-fat desserts (15.1%). Seventeen and three-tenths percent of the adults skipped breakfast. These food patterns provide remarkably different nutrient profiles adjusting for energy intake. The egg pattern is highest in total fat, lowest in fiber density, and low in iron and calcium density. In contrast, the ready-to-eat cereal pattern is high in fiber, highest in calcium density, and very low in fat. Breakfast food patterns differ markedly by various sociodemographic factors such as gender, ethnicity, and educational level. CONCLUSION: Different segments of our population consume different types of foods at breakfast, contributing to differences in their nutrient intakes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Three squares or mostly snacks--what do teens really eat? A sociodemographic study of meal patterns.

PURPOSE: To categorize U.S. adolescents' meal patterns and related differences in dietary quality. METHODS: Using data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals, 1989-1991, meal patterns from 3 days of adolescents' (ages 11-18 years) intake (n = 1310) were examined. Consistency of meal pattern intake and associated nutrient quality was determined. Logistic regression was used to examine the effects of several sociodemographic characteristics on meal pattern consistency. RESULTS: A higher percentage of adolescents consumed a meal pattern that included 3 meals/day than any other meal pattern: 57.4-58.7% on any given day. Forty-one percent of adolescents fell into the consistent (at least two meals on all 3 days), and only 3.5% fell into the inconsistent meal (one meal, with or without snacks, or snacks only, on all 3 days) pattern category. Logistic regression results indicated that being black [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.90, 9.27)], older (15-18) [AOR = 1.41, 95% CI (1.19, 1.67)], and from a single-parent household [AOR = 2.60, 95% CI (1.23, 5.52)] were predictive of an inconsistent meal pattern. School lunch has a positive impact on intake, increasing a consistent meal pattern from 36.0% to 44.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents who consume at least two meals (with or without snacks) on a consistent basis have an adequate intake of calories and a more nutrient-dense diet with respect to calcium, iron, vitamin E, and fiber than those with other meal patterns. From the perspective of following a diet to prevent chronic diseases in adulthood, adolescents regardless of meal pattern, consume a diet that is too high in fat, sodium, and protein, and too low in fiber.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Trends in breakfast consumption for children in the United States from 1965-1991.

We examined breakfast consumption patterns and trends between 1965 and 1991 for children (1-10 y old) and adolescents (11-18 y old) in the United States. The analysis was undertaken by pooling nationally representative samples obtained from the Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys of 1965 and 1977-1978 and the 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. Breakfast consumption, defined as the consumption of food, beverage, or both between 0500 and 1000, was the focus of the trends analysis. Descriptive results indicated a decline in breakfast consumption between 1965 and 1991, particularly for older adolescents aged 15-18 y; the rates for boys and girls declined from 89.7% and 84.4%, respectively, in 1965 to 74.9% and 64.7%, respectively, in 1991. Multivariate results indicated that breakfast consumption declined predominantly because of behavioral changes and not the population's changing sociodemographic patterns. The nutritional quality of foods consumed at breakfast has improved since 1965, with significant shifts toward consumption of lower-fat milk and smaller changes in other food groups. The improvement over time in the quality of food consumed at breakfast, however, is offset by the large percentage of persons aged > or = 11 y who do not presently consume breakfast. Given the association of obesity with less frequent breakfast consumption and the rise in obesity among persons of this age group, a renewed emphasis on the importance of breakfast is warranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Going subacute.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Continuity of Patient Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leuko and Nessa Ankle braces: effectiveness before and after exercise.

This study compared the effectiveness of Leuko and Nessa Ankle braces in restricting inversion before, during and after exercise. Thirteen Australian Rules Footballers with a mean age of 23.7 years (range = 17-30), and who had no previous history of moderate to severe ankle sprains, were tested in this study. A pedal goniometer was used to measure active inversion with the ankle in 42 degrees plantarflexion. Measurements were taken prior to the application of the brace, immediately after the brace was applied, after 20 minutes of controlled activity involving running, side-stepping and jumping, and after a further 20 minutes of identical drills. A study design in which all subjects were required to wear each brace once was used. Analysis revealed no significant difference in ankle inversion between braces at any of the measurement times (p > 0.05). Both the Nessa and Leuko Ankle brace significantly restricted inversion immediately after the brace was applied, after 20 and 40 minutes of exercise. The results provide objective guidelines for the prescription of ankle braces in the prevention of ankle injuries during physical activity.

Adolescent↗