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Biomedical subjects

T Cartwright

Publications and source records attributed to T Cartwright.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Localization of a neutralization epitope of foot-and-mouth disease virus using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies raised against intact foot-and-mouth disease virus reacted with intact particles and with isolated VP1 from different strains from the same subtype. Prior treatment of the virus with either trypsin or with arginine-specific protease abolished recognition of both the virus and of VP1, suggesting the presence of a neutralization epitope in the central region of VP1 cleaved by these two enzymes. A synthetic peptide analogue of part of this region showed poor reactivity, however, with neutralizing antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Partial separation of blood clotting factors, albumin, and IgG by continuous free film electrophoresis.

Blood plasma and factor VIII concentrate have been fractionated by continuous free film electrophoresis in an apparatus which was designed to overcome the problems of overheating usually inherent in this technique. Results show that complete separation of plasma proteins is unlikely to be obtained by a single passage through this apparatus. However, a useful degree of fractionation may be obtained with certain proteins, for example fibrinogen and IgG. It should be possible to concentrate blood clotting factors if the electrophoresis is used in combination with a conventional separation procedure such as adsorption on aluminium hydroxide. The advantage of the electrophoretic technique is that it is a continuous process using the minimum of extraneous chemicals. The disadvantage is that it introduces a 40-fold dilution into the fractionation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The amino-terminal sequence of human fibroblast interferon as deduced from reverse transcripts obtained using synthetic oligonucleotide primers.

From recently published data on the amino-terminal structures of human and mouse interferons, we have predicted and synthesised an oligonucleotide capable of priming specifically the reverse transcription of human fibroblast interferon mRNA present within a total mRNA population. From these transcripts we determined the sequence of the 5'-terminus of the mRNA and identified a putative pre-peptide signal sequence. This enabled us to predict the sequence of another primer capable of directing the synthesis of interferon double-stranded cDNA corresponding to the entire coding region of the mRNA. Further sequencing studies also enabled us to establish the identity of 47 consecutive amino acids beginning with the methionine residue at the amino-terminus of the mature protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Failure of human fibroblast interferon to protect against rhinovirus infection.

Volunteers were treated with fibroblast interferon or placebo nose drops for four days. On the second day, they received a challenge with rhinovirus type 4. There was no difference in the clinical symptoms or viral shedding between the two groups. The possible reasons for this result are discussed.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1980

Skin reactions to interferon inoculations are reduced but not abolished by purification.

The skin reactions to partially-purified fibroblast-derived (HulFN-beta) and leucocyte-derived (HulFN-alpha) interferons and to HulFN-alpha of increasing purity were studied in normal volunteers. Reactions consisted of an immediate flare followed by a dense well-circumscribed erythema maximal at 4-8 hours. HulFN-beta caused significantly larger reactions than HulFN-alpha of approximately the same purity. Immediate flare reactions occurred even to the most pure preparation tested but the late reactions were significantly reduced. Experiments suggested that the early reactions to impure HulFN-alpha were in part mediated by local histamine release and late reactions in part by local prostaglandin synthesis. This suggests that interferon itself may not be the cause of general symptoms during a virus illness.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1980

A novel rapid and continuous method for the resolution of cell dispersal activities in crude trypsin preparations.

High speed continuous electrophoretic fractionation of crude commercial trypsin preparations has resulted in the resolution of the cell monolayer dispersal activity into three fractions, two of which were considered useful in the production of fully dispersed single cell suspensions. This separation could be achieved at an input rate for crude enzyme of 500 mg per minute.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1979

Resolution of human fibroblast interferon into two distinct classes by thiol exchange chromatography.

Chromatography of crude and purified human fibroblast interferon on activated thiol Sepharose 4B yielded two classes of material exhibiting different stability to inactivation by mechanical stress. Interferon which bound to the gel accounted for 20--30 per cent of recoverable activity, could be eluted with reducing agents and was unstable. Unbound material did not bind on subsequent rechromatography and was stable to shear forces. Leucocyte interferon did not bind, nor did fibroblast interferon treated with thiol blocking reagents. Peak eluted fractions had a specific activity of up to 10(7.9) units per milligram of protein, representing a 1700 fold purification.

Chloromercuribenzoates↗
PubMed1978

Interferon production in leukaemia.

Leucocyte interferon production in vitro and circulating interferon levels were studied in healthy subjects and in 80 patients with acute or chronic leukaemia. Circulating interferon was not found in either group. Interferon synthesis in response to a virus was normal in patients with acute leukaemia and appeared to be enhanced in some. In chronic leukaemia reduced levels were common particularly in CLL, in which condition normal results were rarely found; lymphocyte transformation to PHA was also depressed in this group. No clinical or haematological correlation with the interferon levels was found and no consistent effect of treatment was shown. The possible factors which could account for these findings and their significance in relation to pathogenesis and treatment of leukaemia are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis with human fibroblast interferon.

Two patients with HBsAg positive chronic active hepatitis have been treated with human fibroblast interferon 10(7) units daily for two weeks. Before treatment, both patients had high levels of hepatitis B surface antigen, core antibody, and DNA-binding antibody in the blood and one patient had a fourfold rise in serum AST. During treatment there was a striking fall in the core antibody titre and also in the DNA-binding antibody, which has been maintained for several months subsequently; in one patient the initially high AST level fell to normal. No significant adverse effects occurred, and these observations should encourage further trials of fibroblasts interferon in hepatitis B.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The mechanism of the inactivation of human fibroblast interferon by mechanical stress.

Interferon derived from human fibroblasts is readily inactivated during agitation and filtration. This inactivation has been shown to be largely a product of mechanical stress, and has been studied in detail by subjecting interferon to controlled shear stress using a rotational viscometer. The possible mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed.

Cell Line↗