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Biomedical subjects

T Chainuvati

Publications and source records attributed to T Chainuvati.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Infection with an unenveloped DNA virus (TTV) associated with posttransfusion non-A to G hepatitis in hepatitis patients and healthy blood donors in Thailand.

An unenveloped single-stranded DNA virus (TTV) has been reported in association with posttransfusion and acute and chronic hepatitis of unknown etiology. DNA of TTV was tested for by polymerase chain reaction with heminested primers in 127 patients with chronic liver disease and 105 healthy blood donors in Thailand. TTV DNA was detected in 23 (59%) of the 39 patients without hepatitis B surface antigen or RNA of hepatitis C virus, at a frequency significantly higher than the detection in 21 (36%) of the 59 patients with HBsAg (P < 0.05) or in 38 (36%) of the 105 blood donors (P< 0.05). Among patients with chronic liver disease, TTV DNA occurred in those with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma more frequently than in those with chronic hepatitis (35 of 65 or 54% vs. 20 of 62 or 32%, P< 0.05). There were no differences in age, sex, or markers of infection with hepatitis B, C and GBV-C/HGV viruses, indicating a mode of transmission of TTV different from those of the other hepatitis viruses. Phylogenetic analysis indicated three different genotypes of TTV with six distinct subtypes in Thailand. Based on these results, TTV would have a role in the development of chronic liver disease of unknown etiology in Thailand.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Hepatitis C virus variants from Thailand classifiable into five novel genotypes in the sixth (6b), seventh (7c, 7d) and ninth (9b, 9c) major genetic groups.

Nine (10%) out of 90 hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates from hepatitis patients and commercial blood donors in Thailand were not classifiable into any of genotypes I/1a, II/1b, III/2a, IV/2b, V/3a or VI/3b by RT-PCR with type-specific primers deduced from the HCV core gene. These isolates were sequenced over a 1.6 kb stretch of the 5'-terminal sequence and 1.1 kb of the 3'-terminal sequence covering 30% of the entire genome. Based on two-by-two comparison and phylogenetic analyses of the nine Thailand isolates among themselves and with known full or partial sequences of previously reported HCV isolates, the Thailand isolates were classified into five genotypes not reported previously, viz. 6b, 7c, 7d, 9b and 9c. Along with HCV isolates reported already, they make at least nine major genetic groups of HCV which further break down into at least 28 genotypes with sequence similarity in the E1 gene (576 bp) of < or = 80%. As many more HCV isolates of distinct genotypes are expected to be found throughout the world, it will become increasingly difficult to classify them by comparison of any partial sequences of the genome. Complete sequence data will be required for the full characterization and classification of HCV genotypes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with chronic liver disease or chronic renal failure and blood donors in Thailand.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and genotypes, as well as markers of hepatitis B virus infection, were surveyed in 171 patients with chronic liver disease, 276 patients with chronic renal failure, and 961 blood donors in Thailand. HCV RNA was detected in 30 (23%) of 128 patients with non-alcoholic chronic liver disease and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 60 (47%), and both HCV RNA and HBsAg in 3; the cause of liver disease was not established in 41 (32%) patients. HCV RNA was detected in 44 (20%) of 221 patients on maintenance hemodialysis or with kidney transplantation, but in none of 55 patients on peritoneal dialysis. Antibodies to synthetic HCV core peptides were detected in 39 (4.1%) of sera from 961 blood donors, and HCV RNA was detected in 8 (0.8%). Of the 90 HCV RNA samples from patients and donors, genotype V prevailed (46%) followed by II (22%), I (14%), III (3%), and VI (2%); genotypes were not classifiable into any of I-VI in the remaining 10%. There were six sera which contained HCV RNA, but were without antibody to HCV detectable by the second-generation enzyme immunoassay. HCV RNA titers were high in four patients with kidney transplantation, but low in one patient with chronic liver disease and one patient on maintenance hemodialysis. HCV RNA at high titer (> or = 10(4)/ml) was not classifiable in one patient. These results indicate HCV of novel genotypes in Thailand, seronegative HCV infection in patients with kidney transplantation, and a low risk of HCV infection in patients treated by peritoneal dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in high risk group of Thai children and adults.

The prevalence of anti-HCV is about 1% among the blood donor population. Among 98 children with hemoglobinopathy, age ranging from 2-16 years, anti-HCV was detected in 14 (14%). The average age of the positive group was significantly higher than the negative (10.6 + 2.9 vs 8.1 + 3.9 years P less than 0.05). Numbers of transfusions were 54 + 39 in positive cases as compared to 38.5 + 36 in negative cases but this and were not statistically significant. Anti-HCV was found in 0/18, 0/3 and 0/12 in the HBsAg-positive chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma respectively, whereas it was found in 10/24 (42%), 3/13 (23%) and 0/8 in the HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma group. In an adult multiple transfused group of 153 patients who suffered from various hematologic diseases 50 (32.6%) were positive for anti-HCV. If the presence of anti-HCV indicates the presence of hepatitis C virus in the body, we expect that many of these patients will have chronic hepatitis and subsequently cirrhosis. Therefore screening of all donor blood should be adopted in all institutions concerned.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

High prevalence of delta virus infection in Thai intravenous drug abusers.

The prevalence of antibodies to delta virus (anti-delta) in the selected groups of hepatitis B surface antigenemia population was investigated. The subjects were 84 intravenous drug abusers; 20 chronic hepatitis, 12 cirrhosis, 6 primary hepatocellular carcinoma and 46 asymptomatic healthy carriers. Anti-delta was detected in 65.48% of intravenous drug abusers, 11.11% of chronic active hepatitis and 8.33% of cirrhosis cases. None of asymptomatic carriers had anti-delta. In addition, 51 acute icteric hepatitis B patients who were positive for HBs Ag and 20 IV drug abusers positive for anti-HBc only (HBsAg and anti-HBs negative) were negative for anti-delta.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hepatitis B antigens and antibodies in serum from 41 cases of primary carcinoma of the liver. A study from Thailand.

Thirty-seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one with cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC), two with mixed HCC and CCC, and one with an anaplastic primary carcinoma of the liver, all from Bangkok, Thailand, were examined for the presence of hepatitis B virus infection markers in their blood. Of the patients with HCC, 70.6% had macronodular cirrhosis. Their serum was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 64.9%, for hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) in 97.3%, and for hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe) in 56.8% of the cases. The serum was positive for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) in 53.9% of the HBsAg-negative and positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in 16.7% of the HBsAg-positive patients. The results of the study support the hypothesis of an etiological association between hepatitis B virus infection and HCC in Thailand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotics: clinical and ascitic fluid findings.

During a two-year period, 30 patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis were documented. All patients had ascites and 70% were alcoholic cirrhosis. Fever and abdominal pain were the most frequent presenting manifestations (96.66% and 76.66% respectively). Triads of fever, abdominal pain and rebound tenderness were found in 40%. A third had hepatic encephalopathy and decreased bowel sound. Ascitic fluid was transudate. Positive ascitic fluid culture and blood culture were obtained in 40% and 59% respectively, and three quarters were due to gram negative enteric bacilli. There was no significant statistic correlation among the result of ascitic fluid gram's stain and ascitic fluid culture, and of ascitic fluid culture and blood culture. The clinical and laboratory findings of patients with positive and negative ascitic fluid culture were similar. Significant increased mortality was found in patients who had hepatic encephalopathy, hypotension, increased bilirubin level and serum creatinine. The over all mortality was 33.33%. We recommend abdominal paracentesis in every cirrhotic patients with ascites who were admitted into hospital.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Plasma cobalamin and transcobalamin in patients with primary carcinoma of the liver. A study from Thailand.

Of 37 patients with histologically verified hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from Bangkok, Thailand, 34 had raised values of plasma cobalamin, and 1 presented with a markedly increased value of plasma transcobalamin I (TC I). One patient with clinical malignancy of the liver, not proven histologically to be HCC, had a raised plasma cobalamin value and a markedly increased value of TC I. From our own studies and from studies in the literature we find circumstantial evidence that TC I occasionally is produced by the malignant liver cells in HCC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Idiopathic portal hypertension and chronic arsenic poisoning. Report of a case.

We report a case of idiopathic portal hypertension which is related to chronic arsenic poisoning. Only 7 cases have been reported previously. The patient presented with bleeding esophageal varices. Splenomegaly and hyperkeratosis of palms and soles were later noted and led to the discovery of chronic arsenic poisoning. The hemodynamic studies revealed a gradient between the splenic pulp pressure and hepatic wedge pressure which is consistent with presinusoidal hypertension. The liver histology revealed only mild portal fibrosis. Arsenic poisoning is one cause of idiopathic protal hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Sea-blue histiocyte syndrome in Thai siblings.

We report two cases of sea-blue histiocyte syndrome in Thai siblings. The abnormal histiocytes were found in the bone marrow and liver of both patients, but none was found in the other members of the family. Cirrhosis and absence of axillary hair were present in both patients. One patient also had elephantiasis of the legs and Klinefelter's syndrome. Our studies support an autosomal recessive inheritance.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1977

Ornicetil on encephalopathy. Effect of ornicetil (ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate) on encephalopathy in patients with acute and chronic liver disease.

Di-L (+)-ornithine, alpha ketogluterate infusions were compared with infusions of dextrose water in 27 comatosed patients with acute and chronic liver disease. Of 7 patients with acute liver disease no improvement of conciousness was found in any of these patients. Of 20 patients with chronic liver disease, lowering of blood ammonia level during ornicetil therapy occurred in 8, during the control infusion in 6, and no effect was seen in 4. Improvement of conciousness during ornicetil occurred in 11, during the control infusion in 6 and 3 had no improvement. Among those who improved, 4 in the ornicetil group and 2 in the control group improved after the precipitating causes were controlled or corrected. This study indicated that ornicetil has no beneficial effect on the treatment of coma in various forms of hepatic disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Carcinoma of the cystic duct associated with opisthorchiasis.

Four patients who had obstructing carcinoma of the cystic duct and who presented themselves with enlarged and palpable gall bladders but without jaundice are reported. All patients came from endemic areas of opisthorchiasis and had evidence of Opisthorchis infection by peritoneoscopic and surgical findings. All but one had Opisthorchis eggs in the stool. The pathogenesis and management was discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗