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T Chihara

Publications and source records attributed to T Chihara.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Comprehensive clinical study on pathogenesis of early spontaneous abortion].

Clinical studies on the natural history of early spontaneous abortion included ultrasonic examination of the conceptus, determination of serum human chorionic gonadotropin beta (H), evaluation of trophoblast viability (V), chromosomal analysis of chorionic tissue and assessment of the mixed lymphocyte reaction-blocking effect (BE) of serum in 22 cases with missed abortion and 4 with incomplete abortion. TV was evaluated by simultaneous staining with fluorescein diacetate-propidium iodide (FDA-PI). The data obtained were as follows: 1) Chromosomal abnormalities were observed in 13 of 21 patients analyzed. 2) V was 78.6 +/- 5.6 (n = 7) in induced abortion, 42.3 +/- 16.2 (n = 22) in missed abortion and 8.8 +/- 4.8 (n = 4) in incomplete abortion. 3) There was a significant linear correlation between the maximum diameter of the gestational sac (D) and the weight of the chorionic tissue (W) (W = 1.30 + 0.08D, r = 0.44, p less than 0.05), and between the titer of H and the weight of the viable chorionic tissue (Wv = W x V) (Wv = 0.66 + 0.01H, r = 0.77, p less than 0.01). Consequently, the following formula was devised: V = (H + 66)/(0.08D + 1.30). 4) Results obtained from the formula indicated that V stays at an elevated level for some time and then falls gradually or rapidly after fetal death in spontaneous abortion. 5) Spontaneous expulsion of the conceptus occurred when V declined to about 10% in 4 cases. 6) There was a significant linear correlation between BE and V (V = 34.58 + 0.31BE, r = 0.45, p less than 0.05). It was thus concluded that the intrauterine retention period of the conceptus after fetal death is dependent on V, which can be estimated by D, H and BE in spontaneous abortion.

Abortion, Missed↗
PubMed1986

Clinical evaluation of schizophyllan combined with irradiation in patients with cervical cancer. A randomized controlled study.

To evaluate the clinical effects of the anti-tumor polysaccharide Schizophyllan (SPG), a randomized study was done on 220 patients with Stage II or Stage III cervical cancer who had been given irradiation, concomitantly. The tumor-reducing effect of SPG was significant in patients in either stage. The time to recurrence was longer in SPG-dosed patients with Stage II cancer, compared with findings in the control group. There was no significant difference in the time to recurrence in patients with Stage III cancer between the SPG and control groups. When comparing the 48-month survival curve, the survival time of patients with Stage II cancer in the SPG group was significantly longer than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the survival rate of patients with Stage III cancer between the SPG-dosed and control groups.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1986

The prognostic significance of the minimum thickness of uninvolved cervix in patients with cervical carcinoma stages IB, IIA, and IIB.

The minimum thicknesses of uninvolved cervical tissues at the sites of deepest tumor invasion were evaluated in 899 patients with Stage IB, IIA, and IIB cervical carcinoma. Minimum thicknesses were greater than or equal to 10 mm in 126 (14%), 5-10 mm in 247 (27%), and less than 5 mm in 335 (38%) patients. Parametrial extension was found in 191 (21%) patients. Nodal metastasis rates were 6, 10, 22, and 55%, respectively. Patients with greater than or equal to 10-mm thicknesses did not have two or more positive nodes (P less than 0.05). The proportion of patients with two or three positive nodes increased from 3 to 10% (P less than 0.005) as the minimum thickness decreased from 5-10 to less than 5mm. The proportion of patients with four or more positive nodes increased from 3 to 22% (P less than 0.001) in cases in which tumor invaded the parametrial tissues. Five-year disease-free rates were 99, 93, 88, and 65%, respectively. Each percentage decrease was significant (P less than 0.05, 0.05 less than P less than 0.01, and P less than 0.001). These results indicate that uninvolved cervical thickness is a good indicator of nodal metastases, number of positive nodes, and patient prognosis.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Postoperative extended-field irradiation in patients with pelvic and/or common iliac node metastases from cervical carcinoma stages IB to IIB.

Radical hysterectomy with pelvic and common iliac lymphadenectomy was done for 207 Stage IB (148), IIA (19), and IIB (40) cervical carcinomas. Pelvic nodal involvement was limited in 30 (14.5%) cases, whereas common iliac nodes were involved in 16 (7.7%) cases. Common iliac node metastases were significantly increased, when the number of positive pelvic nodes increased from 2 to 3 or 4 or more (21.4% to 73.3%, P less than 0.05), when the tumor invaded deeper than 20 mm (3.7% to 22.2%, P less than 0.001), and when the tumor extended into parametrial tissues (4.8% to 14.8%, P less than 0.05). Postoperative extended-field irradiation was administered to 40 patients with nodal metastases. The 3-year disease-free rates were 85% in 24 patients with positive pelvic nodes, and 51% in 16 patients with common iliac node metastases; 70% in total. These results indicate that postoperative extended-field irradiation is essential for those patients with nodal metastases from locally resectable cervical carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Radiation-induced secondary cancer in patients with uterine carcinoma].

PURPOSE: Radiation-induced cancer has been epidemiologically investigated in occupational or atomic radiation exposure cases. These is also a need to clarify the risk in the case of radiotherapeutical exposure. In this study, therefore, cases of post-irradiated uterine carcinoma which was well cured and followed up over a long term were selected for statistical analysis of radiation-induced cancer in the medical division. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 19,384 patients with uterine carcinoma at seven institutions in Japan were registered on a computer system at the NIRS and were statistically analyzed. Of these, 6,655 patients were treated by surgical procedure alone, 4,310 were given a combined treatment modality of radiation and surgery, 8,419 were treated by radiation alone between 1960 and 1978. Radiation-induced cancer was defined according to the following categories: Secondary cancer was developed within the irradiated field. Time interval was over 5 years after the initial irradiation (leukemia was over 2 years). The cancer had a different histological type to the original one. A total of 43 patients with induced cancer were observed, namely: 14 with rectal cancer, 8 with leukemia, 6 with uterine corpus cancer, 4 with urinary bladder cancer, 3 with osteosarcoma or uterine sarcoma, 2 with sigmoid colon cancer or malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and 1 with ovarian cancer, respectively. RESULTS: Rectal cancer, leukemia and urinary bladder cancer were initially analyzed, because their expected values were easily estimated from the basic data. A total of 8,333 patients (43,418 person-years) from 7 institutions were considered. Their average follow-up period was 10.2 years after treatment. 1) Rectal cancer: Observed value (O) = 14, expected value (E) = 7.83, O/E = 1.79, 95% confidence interval of O/E ratio (CI) = 0.98-2.99, there was no significant difference. 2) Leukemia: O = 8, E = 3.78, O/E = 2.12, CI = 0.91-4.18, no significant difference. 3) Urinary bladder cancer: O = 4, E = 2.23, O/E = 1.79, CI = 0.49-4.55, no significant difference. In other words, no significant difference was observed in the risk of occurrence of secondary cancer among the total number of irradiated patients from the 7 institutions. Since these results, however, were influenced by the accuracy of patient follow-up, the O/E ratio of double cancer in each institution was observed to check the accuracy of the follow-up and 3 institutions were selected for further analysis comprising 2,686 patients (13,588 person-years) in all. Their average follow-up period was 10.1 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of CA125 as a circulating tumor marker for ovarian cancer.

CA125 usefulness was evaluated using sera from healthy persons, pregnant women, and patients with ovarian and other tumors. Since serum CA125 levels significantly depended on sex and age in healthy persons, the original cut-off levels were 40 and 25 U/ml in terms of sex and age. Changes in CA125 levels within 40 U/ml were observed during the menstruation cycle. Elevation of CA125 levels was also observed during the first trimester of pregnancy, but these levels fell below 50 U/ml as pregnancy progressed. Immunostaining of the endometrium with OC125 suggested that ovarian function may play an important role in production of CA125 in early pregnancy and menstruating young women. Elevated levels of CA125 were detected in 33/34 (97%) cases with surgically demonstrated ovarian cancer. The clinical usefulness of CA125 for monitoring the course of ovarian cancer was reconfirmed. Practical application of CA125 proved to be useful for the early detection of ovarian cancer and confirmation of the complete disappearance of any tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Tension pneumocephalus following surgical evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma.

A case among 23 consecutive cases of chronic subdural hematoma developed tension pneumocephalus following surgical evacuation via a burr hole under local anesthesia. A closed drainage system applied into the subdural space was considered to be responsible for its formation as a result of one-way valve mechanism. In all 23 cases, preoperative and postoperative CT scans were reviewed in order to evaluate clinical significance of air in the subdural space after surgery. Air was noticed in all cases with various amount. However, unless the mass effect by air was more than the mass effect by chronic subdural hematoma, it was not necessary to remove air regardless of its amount.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Liver cell dysplasia and hepatitis B surface antigen in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Liver tissues of 223 autopsy cases of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were examined for liver cell dysplasia in relation to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detected with orcein stain. Liver cell dysplasia was found in 94 cases (42.2%): 37 were from cases of cirrhosis only, and 53 were from cases of cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. There was a significant difference in the overall incidence of HBsAg in cases with and without dysplasia (70.2%:32.6%). A similar difference was found in all groups, i.e., those with cirrhosis, cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma only, in which none of 11 cases of HBsAg negative had dysplasia. A good correlation was seen between the semiquantitative grade of dysplasia and the incidence of HBsAg. These findings suggest a close relationship of HBsAg with liver cell dysplasia.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1984

Production of immunoreactive-polypeptide hormones in cervical carcinoma.

The levels of immunoreactive-polypeptide hormones were measured in tissue extracts of eight uterine cervical cancers by specific radioimmunoassays. In one case with argyrophil granules, high levels of somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, calcitonin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were found, ranging from 160 to 880 ng/g tissue. A second argyrophil cancer contained 310 ng/g tissue of somatostatin, and a third contained 1100 ng/g tissue of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and 380 ng/g of beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-MSH). In addition, of the five nonargyrophil cancers tested, four contained calcitonin, three had VIP, two had either somatostatin or glucagon, and one contained ACTH and beta-MSH; the measured levels of these hormones ranged from 1.4 to 2.3 ng/g tissue. Gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column showed that the immunoreactive-polypeptide hormones in the first case were chromatographically similar to the authentic or prehormones. These results indicate that ectopic production of multiple immunoreactive-polypeptide hormones is common not only in argyrophil cell carcinoma, but also in nonargyrophil cell carcinoma of the cervix.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1984

Mixed mesodermal tumor of the ovary with carcinoembryonic antigen and alkaline phosphatase production. Histochemical, autoradiographic, and electron microscopic studies of heterotransplanted tumors in athymic nude mice.

A mixed mesodermal tumor of the ovary with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production was serially heterotransplanted into nude mice. The original tumor was diagnosed as homologous tumor, with sarcomatous component consisting of nonspecific spindle-shaped cells. These features were basically retained in the transplanted tumors, including CEA and ALP production. But, heterologous, chondrocytic-differentiated foci were found in the tumors at the third and sixth passages. Transitional-type cells from sarcomatous to carcinomatous cells were sometimes found in the transplanted tumors by light and electron microscopy. Ciliated sarcomatous cells, which may also represent the epithelial differentiation of sarcomatous cells, were found in the tumors at first passage. The current results support the combination tumor theory, which means that both the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components are of common stem cell origin.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

The prognostic significance of the size of the largest nodes in metastatic carcinoma from the uterine cervix.

Sizes of the largest metastatic nodes were evaluated as a prognostic factor in 152 patients with Stage IB to IIB cervical carcinomas treated by radical hysterectomy and postoperative irradiation. Of the 152 cases, the largest positive nodes were less than 10 mm in 24 (16%), 10-20 mm in 74 (49%), greater than or equal to 20 mm in 37 (24%), and unresectable in 17 (11%). The frequency of patients with one positive node decreased, and those patients with greater than or equal to 4 positive nodes increased along with an increase in the size of the largest nodes (P less than 0.05). Disease-free periods for 58 patients with recurrent cancer were less than 1 year in 26 (45%), 1-2 years in 18 (31%), 2-3 years in 9 (15%), and greater than or equal to 3 years in 5 (9%). There was a significant increase in cases with node sizes of greater than or equal to 20 mm with recurrence within 1 year after surgery over those with less than 20 mm (P less than 0.001). Incidence rates of 3-year recurrence were significantly different between cases with sizes of less than 10 mm and those with greater than or equal to 10 mm (P less than 0.05), as well as between cases with resectable and unresectable positive nodes (P less than 0.001). These results indicate that the size of the largest positive nodes is a good indicator of the number of positive nodes and the patient's prognosis.

Carcinoma↗