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Biomedical subjects

T Colton

Publications and source records attributed to T Colton.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Age-incidence and risk of diethylstilbestrol-related clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix.

This study was based on cases accessioned in the Registry of Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Genital Tract in Young Females to ascertain the incidence of diethylstilbestrol (DES)-related cancers by age and year of birth. For accuracy in estimating the size of the reference population for the incidence rates, calculations were restricted to 127 white residents of the United States who were exposed prenatally to DES or other nonsteroidal synthetic estrogens. The disease is exceedingly rare prior to age 14 when the incidence rate begins to rise rapidly. The incidence peaks at age 19 (median 19.2 years) and then drops precipitately. Thus, DES-related clear cell adenocarcinoma is unusual in that nearly all cancers have been diagnosed in a narrow age range of 10 years (14 to 23 years). Women born in 1951 to 1953 have higher incidence rates than those born in the previous or subsequent three-year period. This suggests that the prevalence of pregnancy-related use of DES was at a peak in the early 1950's. The cumulative risk of this type of genital cancer, through age 24, for DES-exposed female subjects is estimated to be in the range of 0.14 to 1.4 per thousand. The wide limits are due to the fact that the number of young women exposed is not known precisly. The low risk of disease and the narrow age range of the cases, relative to the long latency period, suggest that DES is an incomplete carcinogen. Other factors, possibly related to puberty, may be involved in the causation of this disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

The Framingham Eye Study. I. Outline and major prevalence findings.

During the period 1973--1975, 2675 out of 3977 still-living members of the Framingham, Massachusetts, study population, who have been under investigation for coronary disease risk factors since 1948 and who were in 1973--1975 aged 52 to 85, were given an eye examination stressing cataract, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and glaucoma. Of 2940 subjects who still lived in the local Framingham area, 2477 were examined. Local population prevalence for one or both eyes positive was: 15.5% for senile cataract, 3.1% for diabetic retinopathy, 8.8% for senile macular degeneration and 3.3% for open-angle glaucoma. The proportion of adults with poor "best" visual acuity may be much less than has been estimated by the National Health Survey and the proportion with open-angle glaucoma much more than currently suspected on the basis of foreign studies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

The Framingham Eye Study. II. Association of ophthalmic pathology with single variables previously measured in the Framingham Heart Study.

Using the age-sex-specific data collected in the Framingham Heart Study 1948--1964 together with ophthalmic diagnoses made in the Framingham Eye Study in 1973--1975, the following variables were found to be associated with senile cataract: education, casual blood sugar, systemic blood pressure, height, vital capacity, serum phospholipid and hand strength; with senile macular degeneration: systemic blood pressure, height, vital capacity, left ventricular hypertrophy, hand strength and history of lung infection; with diabetic retinopathy: casual blood sugar, urine sugar and other specific elements of diabetes; with ocular hypertension: systemic blood pressure, height, casual blood sugar and pulse rate. No variables were identified as associated with open-angle glaucoma. The paper stresses the need for corroboration of these findings, which may be a mix of real and chance associations, and the need for additional analyses before any of these associations are considered evidence of factors related to risk of ophthalmic disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Quality of care and unnecessary operations: a comment on The Condition of Surgery.

Issues of quality of surgical care and unnecessary operations are complex, and they will require more objective and clinically based investigations before reasonable economic judgements can be made. SOSSUS did not shy away from these questions; rather, it kept to its assigned task of describing the distribution and workloads of physicians.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1976

Doctors who perform operations. A study on in-hospital surgery in four diverse geographic areas (first of two parts).

The generous supply of surgeons in the United States stimulated a study of their operative work based on all operations performed by all physicians in hospitals of four geographic areas. Each operation was assigned a California Relative Value to permit work-load comparisons between specialties and practices. General practitioners constituted more than one quarter of physicians who performed operations but accounted for less than one tenth of total work. Surgical specialists, about half the physicians in the study, performed about 80 per cent of total operative work. Work loads of surgical specialists varied by certification, specialty, age and practice organization status. We conclude that far too many physicians perform surgical operations and that work loads of surgical specialists are modest. Calculations involving reallocation of operative work loads suggest that the total volume of operations in this study could have been handled by a substantially smaller cadre of busier surgical specialists.

Certification↗
PubMed1976

Surgeons in the United States. Activities, output and income.

In a national surgical manpower questionnaire survey, 76% of those MD and DO surgeons who were contactable returned questionnaires that included a log diary reporting details of their daily activities. Comparisons were made of allocation of professional time, number of operations performed, and net income of respondents by physician classification (including certification), specialty, practice arrangement, age, and census division. The mean professional workweek was estimated at 46 hours for all respondents. More than two thirds of the total professional time was spent in direct patient care; about half the surgeon's time was spent in the hospital, with nearly 20% in the operating room. The median annual work load of respondents was 170 operations. Their median annual net income was $45,700.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

An inventory of biostatistics teaching in American and Canadian Medical Schools.

During the academic year 1969-70 a detailed inventory was conducted of biostatistics teaching in American and Canadian medical schools. Approximately two-thirds of schools required a separate, distinct biostatistics course. This report describes these courses, their content, and the characteristics of the individuals who taught the courses and their perception of the medical student's reaction to biostatistics. A more recent survey covering the academic year 1973-74 revealed that the situation had not changed; slightly more than two-thirds of respondents indicated that exposure to biostatistics was required in their schools' curricula.

Attitude↗