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Biomedical subjects

T Cunningham

Publications and source records attributed to T Cunningham.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Relationship between dimensions of adaptive behavior and sheltered workshop productivity.

A factor analysis was performed on the 24 domains of the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale using a sample of 217 adult retarded workshop clients. Of the seven dimensions found to describe adaptive behavior, Personal Independence, Social Maladaptation, and Personal Maladaptation accounted for the majority of variance in the factor matrix. Scores on each of the seven factors were obtained for all clients and used to predict productivity in a workshop setting as defined by average hourly salary for the time period in which the scale was administered. A stepwise regression analysis yielded a highly significant regression effect in which the factors of Personal Independence and Social Maladaptation accounted for 25% of the variance in salary and had a multiple correlation coefficient of .50 with the predicted variable. We concluded that adaptive behavior is a multidimensional variable, significantly affecting productivity in sheltered workshop settings.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

Results with methyl-CCNU and DTIC in metastatic melanoma.

This report is the result of an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) study. Four hundred and 15 patients with inoperable metastatic malignant melanoma, excluding those with cutaneous metastases only, were randomized to one of three drug treatments: DTIC alone, methyl-CCNU alone, or the combination DTIC plus methyl-CCNU. Responses were seen in 14% of DTIC patients (19/127), 15% of methyl-CCNU patients (18/119) and 14% of DTIC plus methyl-CCNU patients (18/122). Duration of response was the same (14 weeks) for all three treatment groups. There was no difference among the treatments in achieving complete responses. Survival was improved significantly for responders (50 weeks) compared with nonresponders (15 weeks) regardless of treatment regimen. Toxicities were generally tolerable. DTIC caused significantly more gastrointestinal toxicity than methyl-CCNU. Methyl-CCNU caused significantly more bone marrow toxicity than DTIC. There were three drug-related deaths. All occurred in patients on combination DTIC plus methyl-CCNU. Important pretreatment characteristics that favor response are ambulatory status, female, less than 50 years old, no prior chemotherapy and no liver or brain metastases. Patients with favorable characteristics combinations had a 30% response rate, while those with unfavorable characteristic combinations had only a 9% response rate.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Categorical encoding in short-term memory by retarded and nonretarded children.

The use of consonants and digits as encoding categories in short-term memory by 32 EMR children and 32 nonretarded children of the same CA was investigated. The task employed was a modification of the release from proactive inhibition technique similar to that used by Wickens, Born, and Allen (1963). Results indicated that digits and consonants are significant categories used for encoding in short-term memory by 10- to 12-year-old EMR and nonretarded children but that nonretarded children more effectively utilize consonant material as an encoding dimension than do CA-matched EMR children.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Anesthesia and hepatic artery ligation.

Hospital and anesthesia records of 39 patients who had hepatic artery ligation for severe hepatic trauma were analyzed retrospectively to acquire information on any relationships between choice of anesthetic, preoperative physical condition of the patient, type and incidence of complications, and mortality. Patients who had lost the most blood received neuroleptanalgesia, ketamine, or cyclopropane; those with more stable cardiovascular status received halothane; those in severe circulatory compromise received only oxygen and muscle relaxants. Trends in results of postoperative liver function tests were not related to type of anesthesia. Of the 12 deaths, seven were due to massive bleeding, three to septicemia, one to multiple complications, and one to hepatorenal failure 18 days postoperatively. Choice of anesthetic agent appeared to have no significant influence on postoperative morbidity and mortality; rather, the choice of anesthesia depended on the preoperative physical (especially hemodynamic) status of the patient, which in turn reflected the apparent blood loss estimated at induction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Early acute rejection of renal homografts: a characteristic clinical syndrome.

Seven of 74 patients with early functioning cadaveric renal homografts developed acute oliguric renal failure after the second but before the ninth day post-transplantation. The syndrome characteristically begins with an abrupt and simultaneous decrease in creatinine clearance, urine volume and urine sodium concentration. After a variable period and despite a reduction in immunosuppressive therapy, a diuretic phase ensues and renal function is restored. Complications associated with the syndrome include groin hematoma, pulmonary edema and renal rupture with shock. Renal rupture does not require nephrectomy: if the hemorrhage is controlled, the transplanted organ will resume function. Angiographic studies show normal nephrograms, stretched arterial vasculature and filling defects in the veins. Percutaneous renal biopsy shows interstitial edema and hemorrhage, venous congestion and tubular necrosis. Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that this is a form of rejection occurring as the result of injury to the renal venous system.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cavernous hemangioma of the right ventricle: echocardiographic-pathologic correlates.

Cardiac hemangiomas are exceedingly rare primary cardiac tumors. We describe a case of cavernous hemangioma that was diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography in a 17-year-old male. The mass was barely noticeable on two-dimensional echocardiography because of its thin walls and echo lucency. Color flow Doppler imaging was very helpful in delineating the flow around the tumor and further enhanced its spatial configuration. Although the mass could not be well visualized with monoplane transesophageal echocardiography, the transesophageal approach excluded other associated pathologic lesions. At surgery, the cavernous hemangioma was attached to the papillary muscle of the tricuspid valve.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The culture of kat.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Catha↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fostering a spirit of inquiry in pediatric staff nurses.

Research-based practice is essential if nursing is to meet its mandate to society for effective and efficient patient care. The involvement of the clinical nurse is key to the conduct of research.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of carboxymethylcellulose and 32% dextran 70 for prevention of adhesions in a rabbit uterine horn model.

The ability of solutions of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and 32% dextran 70 to reduce postoperative adhesion formation was examined using a rabbit uterine-horn scrape model. Utilization of 50 mL of 32% dextran 70 did not reduce adhesion formation compared with control rabbits. However, intraperitoneal instillation of CMC significantly reduced postoperative adhesion formation. An inverse correlation was established between either the concentration of CMC employed (1%, 2%, and 3%) or the volume of 2% CMC employed (20, 30, 40, and 50 mL) and the extent of adhesion formation. It is concluded that in this animal model CMC, but not 32% dextran 70, was able to retard postoperative adhesion formation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adhesion re-formation in the rabbit uterine horn model: I. Reduction with carboxymethylcellulose.

Adhesion re-formation frequently complicates the performance of adhesiolysis in reproductive pelvic surgery. To assess the ability of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to reduce adhesion re-formation, a rabbit uterine horn model was employed. Adhesions were created at laparotomy by scraping a 5-cm segment of each uterine horn. This injury reproducibly creates adhesions. Two weeks later, repeat laparotomy was performed, at which time all adhesions were lysed by sharp dissection. Animals were then randomly assigned to the control or CMC (20 mL of 2% solution) group. Necropsy was performed 2 weeks later. At both the second operative procedure and the time of necropsy, adhesions were graded in a blind fashion for severity and tenacity. There was no difference in adhesion score in the control and CMC-treated rabbits at the time of adhesiolysis. Subsequently, at the time of necropsy, the mean adhesion reformation score in the control group was 3.96 (median = 4.0). In contrast, adhesion re-formation in the CMC-treated group was significantly less (mean score = 2.15; median = 2.0; sign test, P less than .01). In summary, CMC significantly reduced adhesion re-formation in the rabbit uterine horn model. The mechanism by which CMC was able to reduce adhesion reformation is uncertain, but may be related to "hydroflotation" or "siliconizing" effects.

Animals↗