Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Donáth.
On occasion of the 425th anniversary of the publication of M.R. COLOMBO's De re anatomica, the author assesses this work and discusses the priority problems arising in connection with the description of pulmonary circulation. The life and activity of COLOMBO's contemporary, MICHAEL SERVETUS is also discussed. The conclusion is drawn that priority must go to SERVETUS who in 1553 gave the first description of pulmonary circulation.
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The aim of this work was to reveal the chemical-induced consequences of reversible and irreversible liver injury on the neural elements of liver vessels and to study the means of adaptation of the neuro-vascular unit to the compensatory changes during functional demands in the process from damage to regeneration. The effects of selective and non-specific hepatotoxic agents were studied in rats in acute and long-term poisoning. Acute intoxication with chemicals causing no obvious tissue destruction resulted in a decrease in the number of detectable monoaminergic nerve terminals and dense core vesicles of axons, and an increase in number of mast cells, in acute poisoning upon the effect of chemicals axondegeneration was not found. Long-term alcohol intoxication brought about hyperinnervation in the liver, decrease in blood pressure and hepatic arterial blood flow. The decrease in hepatic arterial blood flow due to noradrenaline was significantly less than in the control. During different stages of long-term carbon tetrachloride poisoning the alterations of hepatic innervation in the central and peripheral area of macroscopic liver lobe were not uniform. It is concluded that the experimentally altered environment transforms the target organ, which, in turn, can be regulated only by an adequately altered control unit. However, the functional-morphological unit operating compensatorily by means of a new innervation may respond to extraneuronal transmitters with a reaction different from that of the normal tissue.
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From complex biochemical, fluorescence-microscopic and enzyme-histochemical studies of the thyroid in rats it is concluded that the thyroid exerts, in addition to its catecholaminergic stimulatory effect, a serotonin-inhibiting regulatory activity, subject to the stimulatory effect of TRH.
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In cats the distal and proximal stumps of transected postganglionic bundles of the celiac ganglion were studied by the Falck--Hillarp histofluorescence methods 72 hrs after transection. Non-degenerated monoaminergic axon terminals were found in the distal stump. It is assumed that these axons reach the celiac ganglion and inhibit the principal ganglion cells.
The effect of indirect reversible or irreversible environmental changes of a target organ on its innervation and the adaptation capacity and mechanisms of the peripheral autonomic nervous system were studied in experimental models such as acute and chronic CCl4 poisoning, ligature of the common bile duct and partial hepatectomy. Organospecific changes were found to be accompanied by characteristic changes of the peripheral autonomic nervous system. In the acute, tissue-destructive stage innervation is impaired. The liver possessing a reduced number of nerve fibres responds to noradrenaline with a reaction different from denervation hypersensitivity. This impaired innervation was termed as neurally desaturated. In the compensated phase of organospecific changes the transformed tissue functional units acquire a newly formed innervation. Adaptation of nerves happens by changes in innervation pattern and the amount of fibres. It is concluded that the experimentally altered internal environment transforms the target organ, which, in turn, can be regulated only by an adequately altered control unit. This latter, the peripheral autonomic nervous system, carries out this alteration by the formation of new nerves the growth of which is not guided by a preformed Schwann-cell network.
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The myocardium of rats kept on DeCarli and Lieber's liquid diet containing alcohol to 36% of the total calories for 8 weeks were examined with Falck-Hillarp's method for the histologic demonstration of catecholamines. Relative fluorescence intensity of the myocardial cells and nerves was measured with the Zeiss-Fluoval microphotometer. Under the effect of alcohol, density of the noradrenergic innervation (number of visualized nerve fibres) decreases and fluorescence of myocardial cells is intensified. The increased fluorescence of myocardial cells can be eliminated with reserpine. It is assumed that chronic alcohol intake induces continuous catecholamine release from monoaminergic nerve fibres of the heart.
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