Biomedical subjects

T Dubard

Publications and source records attributed to T Dubard.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) RNA levels in HIV-related cognitive impairment.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were prospectively measured by the Roche Amplicor Monitor polymerase chain reaction assay in 30 HIV-1 infected patients without central nervous system opportunistic infections. All participants completed a global neuropsychological battery consisting of Mattis Dementia Rating Scale. Additional tests were used to better characterize the type of cognitive changes with a specific reference to frontal lobe function. The neuropsychological evaluation confirmed the subcortical pattern of cognitive dysfunction. CSF and plasma HIV-1 RNA levels were significantly correlated. No correlation was detected with either blood or CSF RNA levels and the global cognitive status, but when stratified in three cognitive subgroups, higher CSF HIV-1 RNA levels were observed in the more cognitively impaired subjects. Our results provide further evidence that plasma and CSF HIV-1 RNA level cannot be used as a reliable diagnostic marker for HIV-1 associated cognitive disorders. Only longitudinal studies will determine whether a high CSF HIV-1 level could be a risk factor for HIV-1 dementia.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗

PubMed1998

Effects of anterior cingulate cortex lesions on ocular saccades in humans.

Cerebral blood flow studies in humans suggest that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) could be involved in eye movement control. In two patients with a small infarction affecting the posterior part of this area (on the right side) and in ten control subjects, we studied several paradigms of saccadic eye movements: gap task, overlap task, antisaccades (using either a 5 degrees or 25 degrees lateral target), memory-guided saccades with a short (1 s) or long (7 s) delay, and sequences of memory-guided saccades. Compared with controls, patients had normal latency in the gap task but increased latency in the other tasks. The gain of memory-guided saccades was markedly decreased, bilaterally, whatever the duration of the delay. Patients made more errors than controls in the antisaccade task when the 5 degrees lateral target was used, and a higher percentage of chronological errors in the sequences of saccades. These results show that the posterior part of the right ACC plays an important role in eye movement control and suggest that this area could correspond to a "cingulate eye field" (CEF). The role of this hypothetical CEF could be an early activation exerted on the frontal ocular motor areas involved in intentional saccades and also a direct action on brainstem ocular premotor structures.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[[Therapeutic perspectives in multiple sclerosis].

Numerous clinical trials have been performed during the last 5 years in multiple sclerosis patients. Some of the results have been encouraging. However, clinical benefit remains limited. Corticosteroids are indicated during the course of severe relapses but have not proven any long term benefit. Immunosuppressive agents may be of some help during very active stages of the disease. Results of interferon beta-1b trial in relapsing multiple sclerosis have shown a moderate decrease in the frequency of relapses. The same effect has recently been reported with interferon beta-1a. In addition, an effect on disability progression have been suggested with the latter interferon. In France, interferon beta-1b is now authorized in the relapsing forms of the disease. Initial results with copolymer I also suggest an effect on the frequency of relapses. Despite these major therapeutical efforts, further trials, possibly using new therapeutical approaches, are still needed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1996

Posttraumatic spinal subarachnoid cyst.

A case of posttraumatic compressive subarachnoid cyst of the thoracic spine studied by MR myelography, and myelo-CT is reported. This cyst was surgically confirmed and treated by shunting.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Left tuberothalamic artery territory infarction: neuropsychological and MRI features.

We examined a 29-year-old woman who had language disturbances and memory impairment after a left thalamic infarction. MRI showed injury that was limited to the tuberothalamic artery territory. Beside reduced voice volume and verbal memory trouble, she presented with aspontaneity, loss of psychic self-activation and affective drive. Considering thalamic lesions, this loss of psychic self-activation or 'athymhormie' was found in a left thalamic infarct and could not be considered as an exclusive characteristic of bithalamic infarctions. The disappearance of the neurobehavioral disturbances within 15 days after the onset of the troubles was associated with the decreasing of the mass lesion found by MRI.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Hot-water epilepsy in an adult: ictal EEG, MRI and SPECT features.

Reflex epilepsy constitutes a rare form of epileptic seizures. We observed a 20-year-old man who presented with seizures induced by immersion in hot water. The trigger stimulus was specific. Contrast CT scan and MRI were all normal, not revealing any structural lesion. Ictal EEG recorded during a hot bath showed focal epileptic discharges in the left temporo-occipital area. Interictal SPECT showed a hypometabolism in the same cerebral region. Neuroimaging studies were rarely performed in this uncommon type of epilepsy. Nevertheless, in our case the result of the SPECT suggests a localized functional disturbance in the emergence of the disorder.

Adult↗