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T E Bjerklund Johansen

Publications and source records attributed to T E Bjerklund Johansen.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The role of antibiotics in the treatment of chronic prostatitis: a consensus statement.

Practical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis are presented. Chronic prostatitis is classified as chronic bacterial prostatitis (culture-positive) and chronic inflammatory prostatitis (culture-negative). If chronic bacterial prostatitis is suspected, based on relevant symptoms or recurrent UTIs, underlying urological conditions should be excluded by the following tests: rectal examination, midstream urine culture and residual urine. The diagnosis should be confirmed by the Meares and Stamey technique. Antibiotic therapy is recommended for acute exacerbations of chronic prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic inflammatory prostatitis, if there is clinical, bacteriological or supporting immunological evidence of prostate infection. Unless a patient presents with fever, antibiotic treatment should not be initiated immediately except in cases of acute prostatitis or acute episodes in a patient with chronic bacterial prostatitis. The work-up, with the appropriate investigations should be done first, within a reasonable time period which, preferably, should not be longer than 1 week. During this period, nonspecific treatment, such as appropriate analgesia to relieve symptoms, should be given. The minimum duration of antibiotic treatment should be 2-4 weeks. If there is no improvement in symptoms, treatment should be stopped and reconsidered. However, if there is improvement, it should be continued for at least a further 2-4 weeks to achieve clinical cure and, hopefully, eradication of the causative pathogen. Antibiotic treatment should not be given for 6-8 weeks without an appraisal of its effectiveness. Currently used antibiotics are reviewed. Of these, the fluoroquinolones ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are recommended because of their favourable antibacterial spectrum and pharmacokinetic profile. A number of clinical trials are recommended and a standard study design is proposed to help resolve some outstanding issues.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Renal angiomyolipoma as a cause of acute retroperitoneal hemorrhage].

Angiomyolipoma is a mesenchymal tumor, usually found in the kidney. The pleomorphic appearance and involvement of regional lymph nodes may simulate malignancy, but angiomyolipomas are classified as benign. Renal angiomyolipomas are found in approximately 40% of tuberous sclerosis patients and are usually small, bilateral and asymptomatic nodules. Spontaneous rupture and retroperitoneal haemorrhage may be experienced with larger tumours. Although findings by ultrasonography and computerized tomography are specific for this lesion, histological examination is necessary for a final diagnosis. Small asymptomatic angiomyolipomas should be followed up with sequential CT scans and be removed by enucleation or partial nephrectomy when they reach a size of more than 4 cm in diameter. If the patient suffers from massive bleeding, it is very difficult to preserve the kidney. We report on a 61-year old women who experienced acute retroperitoneal haemorrhage. She was given ten blood transfusions before she was operated on with en bloc removal of the left kidney, an angiomyolipoma with a diameter of 10 cm and a large haematoma.

Angiomyolipoma↗
PubMed1996

Diagnosis and treatment of enterovesical fistula.

The records of 24 patients with enterovesical fistula treated at the urology sections of Telemark and Vestfold Central Hospitals are presented. Most fistulas were due to diverticulitis or a malignant tumor. The part of the intestine most frequently affected was the sigmoid colon in 14 patients, the rectum in 3, the cecum in 2 and the small intestine in 2. Of the 21 patients operated on, 12 underwent a one-stage procedure with resection of the fistula and primary anastomosis of the intestine. The postoperative course was uneventful for 16 patients. Recurrence of the fistula occurred in 1 patient. Three patients were conservatively treated. We recommend a one-stage operation for patients in a good general operating condition, with a well-organized fistula and no systemic infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Testicular histology after treatment with the new antiandrogen Casodex for carcinoma of the prostate. A preliminary report.

Five men aged 55-78 years, had received Casodex 50 mg p.o. daily for seven to 12 months. Because of tumour progression orchiectomy was performed. All testes were examined with light- and electronmicroscopy. Evidence of Leydig cell hyperplasia was present in testes from three patients. However, the ultrastructural appearance of the Leydig cells was normal. The spermatogenesis was reduced in all testes, although not significantly different from controls. We believe the Leydig cell hyperplasia reflects an increased proliferative stimulation by luteinizing hormone or a direct effect of Casodex.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. A benign, solid kidney tumor].

We report the case of a 68 year-old woman who underwent surgical treatment for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare, chronic, inflammatory lesion of the kidney. It is most frequently seen in middle-aged women. Because of its clinical and radiological similarities to other renal lesions it can be difficult to establish a preoperative diagnosis. Nephrectomy is needed in most patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Non-union of testis and epididymis. Description of an experimental model in the rat. Effect on testicular descent.

Most of the reported anomalies in undescended male gonads involve disruption of continuity in the proximal reproductive tract. In order to study the effect of this anomaly on the testis, an experimental model was developed. 16-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were operated on. The testes were mobilized through a midline abdominal incision and further dissection was carried out under an operation microscope with 20X magnification. The efferent ducts were dissected free, clamped with a microclip, severed and ligated. The epididymis and testis were separated to the level of the inferior epididymal artery. Following surgery 11 of 35 operated testes (31%) remained in the abdomen while three (9%) descended into the opposite hemiscrotum. One of these atrophied due to torsion. The rest descended normally as did all in the sham-operated group. No surgical complications were seen. At 30-37 days the non-union operated testes were edematous, but no tubular distension was seen. The operative procedure probably involves ligation of lymphatic vessels from the testis as well as ductuli efferentes causing an interstitial edema.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma contiguous with the seminal vesicle.

A 25-year-old man presented with acute pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen and a locally palpable mass. The tumour was extirpated together with the right seminal vesicle, adjacent ureter and bladder wall. The histologic diagnosis was extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma. No tumour tissue was seen within the seminal vesicle. Intensive postoperative chemotherapy was given and at 18-months follow-up the patient was apparently tumour-free.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Ultrasound in the evaluation of retractile and truly undescended testes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate ultrasound and clinical examination in the assessment of the exact position of an undescended testicle, and to see whether ultrasound could help discern retractile and truly undescended testicles. One hundred and twenty-three undescended testicles were examined. Of 113 detectable testicles 47 were assessed retractile and 66 truly undescended of which 60 were operated. Ultrasound had a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 100% for testicles positioned distally to the internal ring. The results of clinical examination by a urologist was poor, especially for testicles located in the inguinal canal. Bilateral symptoms were most common in the retractile group. Retractile testicles dominated at the age group 6-8 years and were most commonly found in the intermediate and external ring positions. Truly undescended testicles preferred the inguinal canal and a subcutaneous everted position. Differences are statistically significant. A discrimination analysis between retractility and true maldescent was performed based on whether symptoms were uni- or bilateral, patient's age and the position of the testicle. The most dominant factor was whether symptoms were uni- or bilateral.

Child↗