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Biomedical subjects

T E Hamilton

Publications and source records attributed to T E Hamilton.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

How issues of professional liability are taught in U.S. medical schools.

This study investigated how medicolegal issues--specifically those concerning professional liability--are treated in U.S. medical school education. The author mailed a questionnaire in mid-1989 to all 127 U.S. medical schools that were accredited at that time and to the five medical school campuses of the University of Illinois; 120 (90%) responded. Of these, 73 (61%) reported that they included topics about professional liability in their educational curricula. Twenty-three of the schools indicated that students' training had been "compromised or jeopardized" by the impact of physicians' concerns about medicolegal issues. Forty-seven of the schools had students who had been named in malpractice suits. The study shows that undergraduate medical education has been significantly affected by issues of professional liability. Relevant medicolegal content should be an integral part of medical school education.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1987

Thyroid neoplasia in Marshall Islanders exposed to nuclear fallout.

We studied the risk of thyroid neoplasia in Marshall Islanders exposed to radioiodines in nuclear fallout from the 1954 BRAVO thermonuclear test. We screened 7266 Marshall Islanders for thyroid nodules; the islanders were from 14 atolls, including several southern atolls, which were the source of the best available unexposed comparison group. Using a retrospective cohort design, we determined the prevalence of thyroid nodularity in a subgroup of 2273 persons who were alive in 1954 and who therefore were potentially exposed to fallout from the BRAVO test. For those 12 atolls previously thought to be unexposed to fallout, the prevalence of thyroid nodules ranged from 0.9% to 10.6%. Using the distance of each atoll from the test site as a proxy for the radiation dose to the thyroid gland, a weighted linear regression showed an inverse linear relationship between distance and the age-adjusted prevalence of thyroid nodules. Distance was the strongest single predictor in logistic regression analysis. A new absolute risk estimate was calculated to be 1100 excess cases/Gy/y/1 X 10(6) persons (11.0 excess cases/rad/y/1 million persons), 33% higher than previous estimates. We conclude that an excess of thyroid nodules was not limited only to the two northern atolls but extended throughout the northern atolls; this suggests a linear dose-response relationship.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The formation of functional penicillin-binding proteins.

A method was developed which permitted determination of the [14C]benzylpenicillin and [14C]Cephapirin binding capacity of rapidly growing Bacillus subtilis cells in liquid culture. Over the concentration range of the binding plateau (0.1 to 0.8 mug/ml), [14C]benzylpenicillin significantly inhibited formation of functional penicillin-binding proteins, but had comparatively little effect on total bacterial protein synthesis. The data suggest that penicillin covalently bound to the cells in a chemically stable manner alone is not sufficient to inhibit formation of functional binding proteins and that unbound penicillin in the growth medium is necessary. The concentration of unbound antibiotic in the culture medium, in turn, is a function of the cell-bound penicillinase activity whose significance increases with cell density. [14C]Cephapirin, a cephalosporin resistant to this cell-bound penicillinase almost completely inhibited the formation of functional Cephapirin-binding proteins, but had relatively little effect on total protein synthesis. At concentrations 250-fold higher than that required to inhibit formation of functional binding proteins. Cephapirin did not inhibit particulate D-alanine carboxypeptidase activity and presumably did not bind covalently to this penicillin-binding protein.

Alanine↗
PubMed1975

Accessibility of the (14C)benzylpenicillin binding proteins in membranes of sporulating bacilli.

Triton X-100 treatment or freeze-thawing damages the membranes of sporulating or vegetative cells as seen by protein leakage from cells. A 40% increase in the specific [(14)C]benzylpenicillin-binding capacity of detergent-treated or frozen sporulating cells was observed. Neither freezing nor Triton X-100 treatment of vegetative cells produced a detectable effect on their [(14)C]benzylpenicillin-binding capacity. These data indicate the presence of penicillin-binding sites in intact sporulating bacilli not accessible to penicillin in routine binding assays. The chemical specificity of [(14)C]benzylpenicillin binding to detergent-treated sporulating cells is similar to that observed with untreated vegetative or sporulating cells.

Bacillus megaterium↗