Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Eguchi.
Gilvocarcin V was chemically transformed to alter its biological activities as well as its solubility by mainly focusing on the vinyl side chain. The oxirane and oxime derivatives showed slightly decreased in vivo antitumor activity, while the aminoethylmorpholine derivative turned out to be soluble in some organic solvents.
We presented 2 cases of craniopharyngioma, which showed sebaceous differentiation. Both cases shared the following features: 1) neuroradiological detection of a cystic tumor accompanied by calcification, 2) clear yellowish fluid detected in the cyst during surgery, 3) histological rating as an adamantinomatous type, 4) the presence of a nest-like distribution of multivacuolated cells in the innermost layer of the cyst.
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A new Hodgkin's cell line, designated HD-70, was established from the peripheral blood of a 69-year-old man with Hodgkin's disease of nodular sclerosing type. The cell line grows in a single cell suspension and has a doubling time of 28 hours. The cells have a round or irregular nucleus or multiple nuclei in relatively abundant cytoplasm that is positive for acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, and periodic acid-Schiff stains. HD-70 cells are positive for CD30 (Ki-1/Ber-H2), CD15 (Leu-M1), and CD71 (OKT9) antigens and contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig) (A, kappa). Southern blot analysis showed that the cells have Ig heavy and kappa light chain gene rearrangement and lack T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. Chromosome analysis disclosed that the cells have a human karyotype with complicated abnormalities, including a 14q+. Heterotransplantation of the HD-70 cell line into newborn hamsters treated with antilymphocyte serum produced massive tumors with remarkable fibrosis and collagen band formation. These tumors displayed histologic features similar to those of the nodular sclerosing type tumor of the patient. Such fibrosis production and collagen band formation in heterotransplanted tumors suggest that a certain cytokine that induces fibrosis might be produced by HD-70 cells. This cell line may be useful for understanding the biology and pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease.
Two infants with congenital long tracheal stenosis underwent operation by means of an esophageal tracheoplasty. The first patient had previously undergone tracheal reconstruction using the pericardium. Although ventilation improved somewhat following this procedure, the pericardial patch suddenly ruptured 12 days after the operation, requiring an immediate esophageal tracheoplasty. The esophageal portion of the reconstructed trachea epithelialized 1 month later, with the lumen maintaining its proper size. However, the patient died 3 months after the second tracheoplasty. The cause of death was thought to be due to complications arising from prolonged high-pressure use of mechanical ventilation. He had been on a respirator for 6 months before the first tracheoplasty. The second patient has been doing well with no recurring respiratory problems for 25 months now. Her reconstructed trachea has adapted with her growth. This technique should be considered along with other forms of treatment for tracheal reconstruction because it is relatively simple and pliable.
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Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, and Treponema denticola have been found to predominate in periodontal pockets of patients with adult periodontitis. These microorganisms hydrolyze the synthetic peptide N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA). In this study, we developed an enzymatic method, designated SK-013, to detect the existence of these microorganisms in subgingival plaque bacteria. This enzymatic method was based on the observation of the hydrolysis of N-carbobenzoxy-glycyl-glycyl-arginyl-3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyaniline (N-CBz-Gly-Gly-Arg-DBHA) and made more sensitive by adding an enhancing system. The SK-013 was specifically positive for P. gingivalis, B. forsythus, T. denticola, and some strains of Capnocytophaga species, but was not specific for any of the other bacterial strains tested. This SK-013 system may be valuable for detection and quantification of periodontal disease-associated bacteria in subgingival plaque and thus for diagnosis of periodontal infections.
A new process for (6S)-tetrahydrofolate production from dihydrofolate was designed that used dihydrofolate reductase and an NADPH regeneration system. Glucose dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter scleroides KY3613 was used for recycling of the cofactor. The reaction mixture contained 200 mM dihydrofolate, 220 mM glucose, 2 mM NADP, 14.4 U/ml dihydrofolate reductase, and 14.4 U/ml Glucose dehydrogenase, and the reaction was complete after incubation at pH 8.0, and 40 degrees C for 2.5 hr. With (6S)-tetrahydrofolate as the starting material, l-leucovorin was synthesized via a methenyl derivative. The purity of the l-leucovorin was 100%, and its diastereomeric purity was greater than 99.5% d.e. as the (6S)-form.
A case of secondary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma with high uptake in the delayed image of N-isopropyl-[123I]-p-iodoamphetamine (125I-IMP) single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) is presented. Previous to this report, only six cases of brain tumor with high uptake on the delayed 123I-IMP SPECT scan have been reported, two of which were CNS malignant lymphomas. Of 19 brain tumors examined with 123I-IMP SPECT at Kameda General Hospital, this case was the only one that showed high uptake in the delayed image. These data imply that 123I-IMP SPECT, which has now become rather obsolete as a tumor-imaging method, can be useful in diagnosing CNS malignant lymphoma.
A rapid and efficient capillary gas chromatography was utilized to measure urinary galactitol in 133 non-galactosemic children on a free diet. The children aged from 12 days to 14 years were divided by age into six groups. The urinary galactitol concentration was found to be the highest (64.04 mmol/mol creatinine) in the neonatal group and the lowest (7.12 mmol/mol creatinine) in the group over 2 years old. It is concluded that the urinary concentration of galactitol is strongly age-dependent.
Epilepsy is analysed on terms of two different conditions, seizure susceptibility and seizure induction. Reports on detailed changes of seizure-triggering threshold and after discharge duration in seizure susceptibility are few. We examined staged changes of seizure-triggering threshold and after discharge duration in seizure susceptibility in a cat amygdaloid kindling model. Ten crossed adult cats were used. We investigated after discharge threshold (ADT), partial seizure threshold (PST) in stage 4 group (P) and generalized seizure threshold (GST) in stage 6 group (C). At the same time, we examined after discharge duration on electroencephalograph (EEG) in each stage. Seizure-triggering threshold decreases significantly step by step. After discharge duration increases significantly step by step. It is concluded that staged decrease of seizure-triggering threshold and increase of seizure's grade and duration was seen in seizure susceptibility.
Intensive induction chemotherapy was applied to 25 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia by continuing drugs (daunorubicin, behenoyl-cytosine arabinoside, 6-mercaptopurine and prednisolone) until the achievement of severe bone marrow aplasia (leukemic cells less than 1,000/microliters). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 18 (72%). Numbers of partial remission and an early death were 5 (20%) and 2 (8%), respectively. Although median nadirs of white blood cells (WBC) and platelet counts (Pl) (205/microliters and 8,200/microliters, respectively) were remarkably low, recovery of WBC (over 1,000/microliters) and Pl (over 50,000/microliters) were achieved in 23.8 and 24.5 days, after an initiation of the chemotherapy. Sepsis was a most frequently observed complication during induction stage and a duration of fever was 2-48 days (median 15). Median duration of CR was 22.9 months. Unexpectedly, 11 of 17 CR (except one with bone marrow transplanted) relapsed after 4.2-41.4 months (median; 9.4), but 6 (35.3%) still remain in first CR for 30.5-72.9 months (median; 51.4). A long-term survival might be obtained by intensifying induction chemotherapy in about one fourth of patients, but the intensification or application of non-cross resistant anti-leukemic agents in post-remission therapy may be required to avoid relapses even if induction is intensified.
Vitamin K deficient hemorrhagic diathesis is well known as a cause of infantile intracranial hemorrhage. Its occurrence, however, as a post-surgical complication is rare and has never been reported previously. Two cases are presented here which illustrate the existence of such a hazard. Case 1. A 73-year-old woman admitted with subarachnoid hemorrhage (WFNS IV) underwent microsurgical exploration of a left internal carotid aneurysm, and neck clipping of the aneurysm was performed. She had an uneventful postoperative course, but her neurological condition deteriorated suddenly on the fifth postoperative day. CT scan revealed a large epidural hematoma. Case 2. A 6-year-old boy was admitted due to the dysfunction of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt system that had previously been placed for hydrocephalus. This dysfunction was thought to be caused by meningitis. Twelve days after ventricular drainage and antibiotic therapy, sudden intraventricular hemorrhage occurred. In both cases, PT and APTT were markedly prolonged, FDP slightly increased and fibrinogen slightly decreased. SFMC was positive in case 2. After the administration of vitamin K, PT and APTT were immediately normalized. Recent reports emphasize the adverse effect of antibiotics that leads to vitamin K deficient hemorrhagic diathesis, especially, in patients in a cachectic state. In these two cases, such a cachectic condition was not observed. We presume that the cause of vitamin K deficiency would be, along with the administration of antibiotics, a preliminary condition of disseminated intravascular coagulation which is encountered in some neurological disorders including subarachnoid hemorrhage. We conclude that attention should be paid for these pitfalls in perioperative neurosurgical care.
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The authors examined the possibility of assessing cerebral damage with phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in 24 patients (three infants, four children older than age 5 years, and 17 adults) who met the adult criteria for brain death. In all patients except patient 3 (an infant 8 months old), inorganic phosphate with phosphodiester was observed, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr), which are detectable in healthy brains, were not detected. In 22 of these 23 patients, cardiac death occurred within 7 days after clinical brain death, and in one infant 14 months old, cardiac death occurred 38 days after clinical brain death. In patient 3, ATP and PCr were detected with P-31 MR spectroscopy, and now, more than 20 months after brain death, cardiac death has not yet occurred. In children younger than age 5 years, P-31 MR spectroscopic findings were predictive of the patient's clinical outcome. These findings may help establish criteria for the diagnosis of brain death in children younger than age 5 years.
Recently much attention has been paid to excitatory amino acids in seizure susceptibility and induction. In order to examine the relationship between epilepsy, especially seizure induction, and excitatory amino acids, we examined sequential change in content of excitatory amino acids in the epileptic focus by microdialysis system in a cat amygdaloid kindling model. Fifteen crossbred adult cats divided into three groups: a sham operation group (Sh) as the control, just after stage 4 group (S4), and just after stage 6 seizure group (S6). Under halothane anesthesia, Microdialysis probe was inserted to the kindled focus, the right amygdala, and glutamate and aspartate contents of extracellular fluid were measured from 15 minutes prior to 30 minutes after seizure by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The probe was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid at a flow rate of 2 microliters/min for 5 minutes. Before seizure, glutamate and aspartate concentration showed no significant changes in the S4 and S6 group compared with the Sh group. But after seizure, glutamate concentration was significantly higher in the S4 and S6 group temporally, while aspartate concentration was higher only in the S6 group temporally. Based on the results that the release of glutamate and aspartate do not change in seizure susceptibility, that glutamate is released in partial seizure, and that glutamate and aspartate are released in generalized seizure from the epileptic focus, excitatory amino acids are involved in seizure induction in a cat amygdaloid kindling.