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T Ejlertsen

Publications and source records attributed to T Ejlertsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Severity of infection and seasonal variation of non-typhoid Salmonella occurrence in humans.

Non-typhoid Salmonella infections may present as severe gastroenteritis necessitating hospitalization and some patients become septic with bacteraemia. We hypothesized that the seasonal variation of non-typhoid Salmonella occurrence in humans diminishes with increased severity of infection. We examined the seasonal variation of non-typhoid Salmonella infections in three patient groups with differing severity of infection: outpatients treated for gastroenteritis (n=1490); in-patients treated for gastroenteritis (n=492); and in-patients treated for bacteraemia (n=113). The study was population-based and included all non-typhoid Salmonella patients in a Danish county from 1994 to 2003. A periodic regression model was used to compute the peak-to-trough ratio for the three patient groups. The peak-to-trough ratios were 4.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.6-5.0] for outpatients with gastroenteritis, 3.2 (95% CI 2.4-4.2) for in-patients with gastroenteritis, and 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.8) for in-patients with bacteraemia. We conclude that the role of seasonal variation diminishes with increased severity of non-typhoid Salmonella infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A five-year survey of pneumococcal peritonitis in two Danish counties--incidence, diagnosis and clinical entities.

Eighteen patients with pneumococcal peritonitis were hospitalized in a five-year survey period from a Danish catchment population of 730 000 (0.5/100 000/year). They were naturally divided into three groups: (1) six children with appendicitis; (2) eight women of childbearing age with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID); and (3) four elderly patients with ulcerating gastric diseases. Complications were observed in six patients. All infections were community-acquired, but the pneumococcal etiology was not suspected before the organism was isolated in the laboratory. A classification of peritonitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A 7-month outbreak of relapsing postpartum group A streptococcal infections linked to a nurse with atopic dermatitis.

A 7-month outbreak of 15 cases of postpartum sepsis with group A haemolytic Streptococci (GAS) was stopped when a carrier was identified. Comparing delivery dates with duty rotas revealed that the carrier had been present during delivery in 13 of the 15 cases. The epidemic GAS type, T3-13-B3264, was found in a carbuncle in her groin and in atopic dermatitis lesions behind her ears and on her eyelids. Thus, it was not the microbiological screening of staff that helped detect the carrier. The outbreak went unnoticed for 6 months, as no 2 cases were diagnosed by the same physician and 5 cases were diagnosed by different general practitioners. The main risk factors for infection were presence of the carrier relative risk (relative risk RR 47.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 10.9-209.5) and suturing of episiotomy (RR 11.0; 95% CI 2.6-47.9). We recommend that a thorough epidemiological investigation should be carried out in every single case of GAS postpartum infection. Despite initial intravenous treatment with penicillin, 8 patients experienced > 15 recurring postpartum GAS infections, such as endometritis, wound infection, tonsillitis, erysipelas and Brodie's abscess. Eradication of GAS should be confirmed after completion of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Systemic and deep-seated infections caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum.

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum has been implicated mainly in non-streptococcal pharyngitis and wound infections. Rarely, it has been reported to cause systemic infection, often in combination with other pathogens. Two cases of systemic and deep-seated infections caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum are reported, and the literature is reviewed. Sixteen cases of bacteremia and seven cases of non-bacteremic deep-seated have been published previously. Eight of the bacteremic and two of the non-bacteremic cases occurred in younger, apparently healthy immunocompetent patients. Six patients had infections of the central nervous system. The optimal treatment of infections caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is not known. Although in vitro susceptibility tests have demonstrated tolerance of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum to penicillin, penicillins with or without aminoglycosides have been the most widely used antibiotics, in most cases with success.

Actinomycetaceae↗
PubMed1998

Ribotyping of strains of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis cultured from the nasopharynx and middle ear of children with otitis media.

Moraxella (Branhaomella) catarrhalis is frequently present in the nasopharyngeal microflora of small children, especially during episodes of acute otitis media . By means of ribotyping (restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal DNA combined with rRNA probing), we studied the genetic heterogeneity of 78 cultures of M. catarrhalis obtained from different localities in the nasopharynx of nine young children with secretory otitis media. Using HindIII and PstI as endonucleases, five different ribotypes were recognized, representing at least five different genotypes of M. catarrhalis. The distribution of these types was found to be almost identical to the distribution among 16 M. catarrhalis strains cultured from middle ear exudates of 16 children with acute otitis media. Ribotype HAPA was found in two-thirds of all the cultures investigated, and 44% of the children harboured more than one ribotype in the nasopharynx at the same time. The vast majority of the nasopharyngeal M. catarrhalis cultures were beta-lactamase positive. One child had both a HAPA ribotype, beta-lactamase-negative strain in the nasopharyngeal secretions, and HAPA ribotype, beta-lactamase-positive strains at the entrance of the eustachian tube, the nasopharyngeal tonsils, the folds of the nasopharyngeal tonsils and the oropharynx. All except one of the M. catarrhalis strains cultured from middle ear exudates were beta-lactamase positive.

Child↗
PubMed1998

Brain abscess caused by Salmonella enteritidis in an immunocompetent adult patient: successful treatment with cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin.

A previously healthy 43-y-old man, who had spent 2 weeks in northern India, was admitted to hospital after a 2-day history of pyrexia, confusion and frontal headache. Cranial computerized tomography (CT) showed an abscess in the right parietal lobe. Spinal fluid and blood cultures gave growth of Salmonella enteritidis within 24 h. Treatment with cefotaxime was initiated, but ceased after 3 weeks due to drug fever, and ciprofloxacin was then given orally for 4 months. After 6 months, the patient was considered cured. Cases of salmonella brain abscesses are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Pneumococcal pyomyositis secondary to pneumonia.

A case of pneumococcal pyomyositis of the brachial and shoulder region is presented. A bacteremic right lower lobe pneumonia was the source of infection. The spread of pneumococci was presumed to be blood-borne, presenting with cellulitis over the right shoulder region, progressing over 5 days to abscess formation in the right biceps muscle and right shoulder joint despite adequate antibiotic treatment.

Abscess↗
PubMed1996

Pasteurella aerogenes isolated from ulcers or wounds in humans with occupational exposure to pigs: a report of 7 Danish cases.

Pasteurella aerogenes is rarely isolated from human specimens. The species is found in the digestive tract of pigs. From 1976 to 1994 7 strains were cultured in Denmark from wounds or ulcers. Five patients were bitten by pigs and 2 patients with ulcers were employed in pig farming. A mixture of bacterial species was often found. All 7 strains of P. aerogenes were susceptible to ampicillin, cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin. Ability to hydrolyse urea, to produce oxidase and catalase, to decarboxylate ornithine and to produce gas from glucose and inability to produce indole was characteristic for P. aerogenes. Most bite wounds were located on the lower lateral part of the thigh. Foul smelling pus and abscess formation was the rule. Incision, drainage and antibiotic treatment were usually necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Survey of extraintestinal nontyphoid Salmonella infections in a Danish region. Inverse relation of invasiveness to frequency of isolation.

A total of 790 cases of nontyphoid salmonellosis distributed among 44 serotypes was registered in the County of Northern Jutland, Denmark (population 487,000) during a 3-year period from January 1992 to December 1994. There were 45 cases of extraintestinal infection, 30 of which had a positive blood culture, 12 a positive urine culture, and 5 a positive culture of either pus or tissue. For the 9 serotypes represented by > or = 5 isolates the proportion of extraintestinal isolates was inversely related to overall frequency of isolation (chi-square test, f = 1, p = 0.00003). Although limited, our study is consistent with surveys in the UK and US pointing to a modifying effect of exposure on the invasiveness of nontyphoid Salmonella serotypes.

Denmark↗
PubMed1995

Self-induced bacteremia. Case report.

We describe a patient with perforated appendicitis who postoperatively suffered repeated episodes of shaking chills and temperature spikes. Initial blood cultures yielded growth of Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas paucimobilis, and succeeding blood cultures growth of Pseudomonas acidoverans. These bacteria in combination led to a suspicion of self-inoculation of contaminated water through an intravenous catheter. Antibiotic treatment had no effect on the symptoms, which only ceased when the intravenous catheter was removed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. Prevalence in isolates from Danish children].

The prevalence of ampicillin-resistance was assessed among a total of 2766 strains of H. influenzae isolated from lower respiratory tract secretions, middle ear secretions, spinal fluid specimens, and blood cultures from children 0-15 years of age tested in two separate counties in Denmark during the period from 1986 to May, 1993. All strains were tested for susceptibility to ampicillin with disc or tablet diffusion technique and strains were examined for beta-lactamase production with a chromogenic cephalosporinase test. In the county of Northern Jutland the rate of beta-lactamase production in non-encapsulated H. influenzae was 2.5% in 1986 rising to 9.3% in 1993. The rate of beta-lactamase production in H. influenzae type b was 4.1% without any rise. In the county of Copenhagen the rate of beta-lactamase production in non-encapsulated H. influenzae rose from 6.3% in 1986 to 10.6% in 1992. In 1993 a further increase to 20.7% was noticed. This year the number of specimens sent to the laboratory and the number of H. influenzae isolated were lower compared to previous years. Thus a different selection of patients may explain the increase in the rate of beta-lactamase production in 1993. The rate of beta-lactamase production in H. influenzae type b was 8.5%. No strains were resistant to ampicillin in diffusion test other than the beta-lactamase producers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Branhamella catarrhalis in children and adults. A study of prevalence, time of colonisation, and association with upper and lower respiratory tract infections.

The colonisation rate of Branhamella catarrhalis in patients from 0 to 45 years of age was examined. Of 561 women admitted to hospital in labour, 6 (1%) carried B. catarrhalis in their throats but none carried the organism in their vaginas. None of 534 newborn babies became colonised at birth or during their 5 days' stay in hospital. Neither were 102 neonates < 1 month of age in hospital colonised. The maximum colonisation rate during childhood was observed in children 1-48 months of age with 143 of 266 (54%) children colonised. Among children 4-15 years of age, four of 57 (7%) children with healthy respiratory tracts were colonised. Significantly more children with upper or lower respiratory tract infections (RTI) were colonised (68%) than were children without such infections (36%), (P < 0.001). After recovery from RTI, the isolation rate in the RTI group fell to that of the non-RTI group. A seasonal variation in prevalence was not observed. Of all the strains of B. catarrhalis isolated, 84% produced beta-lactamase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Maternal antibodies and acquired serological response to Moraxella catarrhalis in children determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for determination of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Moraxella catarrhalis was developed, with an ultrasonic extract of M. catarrhalis immobilized on polystyrene microtiter plates serving as the antigen. The specificity was determined by adsorption tests. All of the 541 women tested showed a high level of maternal IgG antibodies to M. catarrhalis in umbilical cord blood specimens. One hundred eighty-nine children aged 0 to 15 years were examined. A low level of IgG antibodies to M. catarrhalis in serum was found in children aged up to 1 year; in older children, the levels increased with age. Levels in the same range as maternal IgG antibody levels were reached at the age of 10 years. The level of antibodies in children did not correlate with the state of colonization with M. catarrhalis or with the state of acute lower respiratory tract infection. Pairs of acute-phase and convalescent-phase serum samples did not discriminate between the children with M. catarrhalis in pure culture and those with mixed cultures of M. catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In adult women, high IgG antibody levels and low colonization rates with M. catarrhalis were found, whereas in small children, low IgG antibody levels and high colonization rates were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Epidemiology of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 production in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Denmark between 1959 and 1990.

A total of 436 Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia strains isolated between 1959 and 1990 were tested for the production of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) by a semiquantitative reversed passive latex agglutination test. TSST-1 production was found in 147/260 (57%) of phage group I strains, excluding the "80" complex, and in 17/176 (10%) of non-group I strains. Strains of the 52, 52A, 80, 81 complex ("80" complex), constituting a subgroup of group I, did not have the same high frequency of TSST-1 production as the rest of group I strains (4% versus 57%). The "80" complex has almost disappeared in Denmark. TSST-1 production was found with the same high frequency among group I strains from the beginning (1959) and throughout the observation period. The TSST-1 production was associated with the phages 29 and/or 52, which in turn lysed 95% of group I strains. The TSST-1 production was quantitatively greater in the phage group I strains than in the non-group I strains. TSST-1 production of the bacteremia strains was not correlated to the clinical parameters: mortality, age, gender, bacterial focus, underlying diseases, or whether the infection was hospital or community acquired.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1993

[The PRP-D vaccination of Danish children. A study of immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine coadministered with Di-Te-Pol to Danish children].

The aim of this study was to examine the immunogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine (PRP-D) in Danish children younger than 18 months of age, given at the same time as a diphtheria-, tetanus- and polio-vaccine at the age of five, six and 15 months. The study was carried out as a multicentre study, where 21 children were vaccinated by their general practitioners. Blood samples were drawn just before and four weeks after each of the three vaccinations and the concentration of Hib-antibodies were determined using an ELISA-technique. Before the first vaccination none of the 21 children had antibody levels above 1 microgram/ml, which is believed to be the level which provides long-lasting protection, whereas after the first, second and third vaccination respectively 24, 48 and 100% of the children had antibody levels above 1 microgram/ml. There were only mild and short-lived side effects. The PRP-D vaccine given at the same time as Di-Te-Pol is safe, without serious side-effects and immunogenic in Danish children.

Bacterial Capsules↗