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Biomedical subjects

T Eriksen

Publications and source records attributed to T Eriksen.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Can differences in benefit levels explain duration and outcome of sickness absence?

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine the long- and short-term economic incentives inherent in the sickness and unemployment insurances. In particular, how the differences, in, for instance, benefit levels between the two systems, affect the duration and outcome of long-term sickness for the unemployed. METHOD: A sample of 280 sick-registered unemployed in the county of Värmland, Sweden was used in two regression models. Sickness duration was modelled in a linear regression and the outcome (healthy and non-healthy) in a logistic regression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The study shows that economic incentives, i.e. differences in benefit levels, help in explaining sickness duration. The proven fact, that benefits from the sickness insurance are in general higher than from the unemployment insurance, results in the sickness spells being prolonged. Indications are also found of a preference for long-term income security through the sickness and disability insurances, using the length of unemployment before sickness registration, as a determinant of the outcome of the sickness spell.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2001

Risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease after use of macrolides and penicillins: a comparative prospective cohort study.

Chlamydia pneumoniae has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, and C. pneumoniae infection is treatable with macrolides. In this comparative cohort study, 634 users of macrolides and 3827 users of penicillins were identified from the Danish Health Service Registry of Prescriptions and followed up for an average of 6 months. The patients were then linked to the Regional Hospital Discharge Registry to assess the outcome of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease. In the first 3 months, the relative risk (RR) of admission for a cardiovascular disease was 0.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.88) in users of macrolides compared with users of penicillins. No difference was seen after 3 months. Interaction analyses indicated that the lower risk seen in users of macrolides could be more pronounced in patients without versus those with a previous cardiovascular disease (RR, 0.39 vs. 0.52), in patients >or=60 versus <60 years old (RR, 0.39 vs. 0.64), and in men versus women (RR, 0.35 vs. 0.67).

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Glycopyrrolate treatment for drooling in an adult with cerebral palsy].

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of glycopyrrolate on drooling in an adult male patient with cerebral palsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After a thorough medical examination and consent in writing from his guardian, a baseline sum score for frequency and seriousness of drooling was established over a two-week period in addition to data on shifts of bibs, urination, defecation and observation of behaviour. Glycopyrrolate (1 mg) tablets were then administered, starting with one tablet daily the third week and increasing the daily dose by one tablet per week until a maximum of four tablets during week 6 and four days of week 7, when the daily dose was reduced to two tablets for three days. In the four weeks 8-11, three tablets were given daily. In week 12 the dose was reduced to two tablets and for the weeks 13-15 no glycopyrrolate was given. RESULTS: As long as the patient received three to four tablets of glycopyrrolate daily, drooling was markedly reduced, and bibs were not necessary on some days. After withdrawal, drooling increased to approximately the same level as before treatment. INTERPRETATION: For shorter periods, glycopyrrolate can be given in controlled doses provided that an adequate medical assessment has been undertaken.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Glycopyrrolate treatment of drooling in an adult male patient with cerebral palsy.

1. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of glycopyrrolate on drooling in an adult male patient with cerebral palsy. 2. After a thorough medical examination and consent in writing by the responsible guardian, a baseline sum score for frequency and seriousness of drooling was established over a 2 week period in addition to data on shifts of handkerchiefs, urination, defecation and observation of behaviour. Glycopyrrolate (1 mg) tablets were then administered, starting with one tablet daily the third week and increasing the daily dose by one tablet per week until a maximum of four tablets during week six and 4 days of week seven when the daily dose was reduced to two tablets for 3 days. For the four weeks 8-11 three tablets were given daily. In week 12 the dose was reduced to two tablets and for the weeks 13-15 no tablets of glycopyrrolate were given. 3. For as long as the patient received three to four tablets of glycopyrrolate daily, drooling was markedly reduced and handkerchiefs were not necessary on some days. After the tablets were withdrawn drooling increased to approximately the same level as it was before treatment. No adverse medical, psychological, or social effects were observed. 4. For shorter periods, glycopyrrolate can be given in controlled doses provided that an adequate medical assessment has been undertaken.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1995

Transcription and localization of growth factor mRNA in the bovine oviduct.

It has become evident that certain growth factors are involved in the regulation of the initial bovine embryogenesis. In the present study, we examined by means of Northern blot and in situ hybridization, the expression and localization in the bovine oviduct of mRNAs encoding for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-B), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I). Northern blot analysis on oviduct tissue demonstrated transcripts for PDGF-B and bFGF, but not IGF-I mRNAs. Two bands with estimated sizes of 5.0 and 1.5 kb were detected for PDGF-B and two bands with sizes of 7.5 and 4.9 kb for bFGF. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated localization of PDGF-B mRNA in the lamina epithelialis and tunica muscularis of the oviduct whereas bFGF mRNA was detected in the lamina propria. It is concluded that the lamina epithelialis and lamina propria of the oviduct represent sites of synthesis of PDGF-B and bFGF mRNA, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Structural and endocrine aspects of equine oocyte maturation in vivo.

The objectives were to describe the ultrastructure of equine oocytes aspirated from small and preovulatory follicles, and to relate the ultrastructural features to follicle size and follicular fluid steroid concentrations. Mares were examined every second day by transrectal ultrasonography, and follicles measuring > 30 mm were aspirated (in vivo) using a 20-cm-long 12-gauge needle through the flank. Following slaughter, both large and small follicles were aspirated (in vitro) from six mares. The oocytes were isolated under a stereomicroscope and processed for transmission electron microscopy, and the follicular fluid was assayed for progesterone (P4) amd estradiol-17 beta (E2). A total of 29 oocytes (32% recovery rate) were aspirated in vivo, and 15 oocytes were recovered in vitro. According to the stage of nuclear maturation, the oocytes could be divided into the following six categories: 1) the central oocyte nucleus (CON) stage, 2) the peripheral spherical oocyte nucleus (PON-I) stage, 3) the peripheral flattened oocyte nucleus (PON-II) stage, 4) the oocyte nucleus breakdown (ONBD) stage, 5) the metaphase I (M-I) stage, and 6) the metaphase II (M-II) stage. The maturation of the preovulatory follicle was reflected by alterations in the follicular fluid concentrations of steroid hormones. E2 was high in all preovulatory follicles, whereas P4 concentration exhibited a 10-fold increase during follicle maturation, particularly associated with the progression from M-I- to M-II-stage oocytes. The nuclear oocyte maturation included flattening of the spherical oocyte nucleus, followed by increasing undulation of the nuclear envelope, formation of the metaphase plate of the first meiotic division, and, finally, the extrusion of the first polar body and the subsequent formation of the metaphase plate of the second meiotic division. The cytoplasmic oocyte maturation changes comprised breakdown of the intermediate junctions between the cumulus cell projections and the oolemma, enlargement of the perivitelline space, the formation and arrangement of a large number of cortical granules immediately beneath the oolemma, the rearrangement of mitochondria from a predominantly peripheral distribution to a more central or semilunar domain, and the rearrangement of membrane-bound vesicles and lipid droplets from an even distribution to an often semilunar domain, giving the ooplasm a polarized appearance. It is concluded that the final equine oocyte maturation includes a series of well-defined nuclear and cytoplasmic changes that are paralleled by an increase in P4 concentration in the follicular fluid, whereas E2 concentration remains constantly high.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Ultrastructural features of secretory cells in the bovine oviduct epithelium.

The non-ciliated (NC) cells of the bovine oviduct epithelium, have been shown to release embryotrophic substances to the oviduct lumen. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ultrastructure, focusing on aspects of the secretory machinery, of NC cells in different segments of the oviduct during and after transoviduct migration of zygotes and embryos. Dairy heifers (n = 8) were superovulated with an ECG/cloprostenol regimen, and the time of ovulation was estimated by ultrasound scanning. Samples from the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and uterotubal-junction of the oviduct were surgically collected from animals at 19-96 h and 7 1/2-8 1/2 days after ovulation and processed for transmission electron microscopy, following standard procedures. The NC cells contained characteristic membrane-bound secretory granules composed of a lamellar cortex encaging an amorphous medulla. The two components could still be recognized during extrusion of the granule content into the oviduct lumen by exocytosis. During granulogenesis, small maturing granules without the lamellar structure were observed, but distinct condensing vacuoles were absent. An abundance of granules was found in the early versus the late group. In both groups the uterotubual junction was almost free of granules. This segment, on the contrary, was characterized by the presence of primary and secondary lysosome-like bodies. In the early group the intracellular location of the granules varied between oviduct segments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Microradiography of the feline marginal periodontium with a microfocal high-resolution x-ray system.

The present paper is a cross-sectional microradiographic study. Postmortem hemimandibles were radiographed with a microfocal high-resolution method. Microradiographic appearances of the feline periodontium are described and discussed. Mean relative alveolar bone support in clinically and histologically normal cats was 46.9%. Site-specific alveolar bone support (ABS) was calculated twice (blind). The 95% confidence limits of the method error for one observation were estimated. Differences between two site-specific measurements did not exceed +/- 2.72%. Microfocal radiography yielded valuable additional information about the feline periodontium and made it possible clearly to identify important dental and periodontal structures such as the CEJ (cementoenamel junction) and the bottom of infrabony defects.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1990

Increased glucose content in the aqueous humour caused by the use of xylazine.

Xylazine has a strong hyperglycaemic effect due to its blocking of the pancreatic insulin release via stimulation of parasympathetic (alpha 2-adrenergic) receptors. Therefore xylazine also increases the content of glucose in the aqueous humour considerably. This increase might be regarded as the inducing factor of the diabetogenic cataractous changes seen in animals with a low tolerance to high glucose levels in the aqueous humour. Xylazine must still be regarded as one of the better combinations with ketamine, because of its reproducible and stable anaesthetic effect in this combination in cats. However, the use of xylazine should be carefully considered, especially in eye surgery, until further controlled information is available.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Characterization of metronidazole-phosphate, a water-soluble metronidazole derivative, as a radiosensitizer of hypoxic cells.

A water-soluble derivative of metronidazole (Flagyl) was synthetized with the purpose to overcome some practical difficulties in the clinical administration of the drug. The derivative, a phosphate ester of metronidazole, was characterized for different physical-chemical properties. It had a low toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, it retained a radiosensitizing effect specific for hypoxic cells which was, however, decreased in comparison with the parent compound. The decreased sensitization was related to a decreased one-electron reduction potential and octanol/water partition coefficient. In mice, metronidazole-phosphate had a prolonged blood life in comparison to metronidazole.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the recurrence rate of gastric dilatation with or without volvulus in dogs after circumcostal gastropexy versus gastrocolopexy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the recurrence rate of acute gastric dilatation with or without volvulus (GDV) after circumcostal gastropexy (CCGP) or gastrocolopexy (GCP) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, double-blind, multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical trial with two groups (A and B). ANIMALS: Fifty-four client-owned dogs presented for treatment of GDV. METHODS: Dogs with acute GDV that had not previously had a gastropexy performed were included. The preoperative treatment before gastropexy was standardized. A CCGP was performed on dogs in group A, and a GCP was performed on dogs in group B. Postoperative treatment was standardized, but deviation did occur according to the special needs of particular patients. A minimal follow-up time of 180 days was required for dogs not excluded from the study. The median follow-up time in group A was 700 days; in group B, it was 400 days. The occurrence of abdominal pain and gastrointestinal problems after surgery were recorded by the owners. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate of GDV between the two groups. At the end of the study, the recurrence rate was 9% and 20% in group A and in group B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both surgical techniques are effective in preventing recurrence of GDV.

Acute Disease↗