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Biomedical subjects

T Español

Publications and source records attributed to T Español.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Immunological abnormalities in pediatric AIDS.

HIV infection of a fetus from an infected mother has severe immunological implications because it destroys still immature immune system. The abnormalities observed are precocious in the infants. When the infection occurs in perinatal period, clinical and immunological manifestations can present themselves at the age of 2-5 years. Two patterns of HIV infection can be distinguished. Humoral immunodeficiency is present in a high proportion of patients and leads to repeated bacterial infections and progression of the disease. Immunoglobulin substitution therapy improves clinical manifestations and can help to avoid viral replication.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment with interferon of systemic Langerhans-cell histiocytosis in an adult].

We report an adult patient with systemic Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LHX), who was refractory to multiple chemotherapy courses and in whom a partial clinical and biological 3-month remission was achieved with alpha-2-interferon. The patient's response was associated with an increase in the rate of natural killer cells and to a return to normal of the H/S T-lymphocyte ratio. Immunological abnormalities have been reported in this condition, and it is now accepted that the most important one is a decrease in suppressor lymphocytes. However, it is not known whether these abnormalities are endogenous or exogenous. The experience with modifiers of the biological response for the treatment of LHX is scanty, but the probable immunological pathogenesis of the condition justifies a therapeutic trial of those agents in patients not responding to conventional therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lymphocyte proliferation and gamma-interferon production after "in vitro" stimulation with PPD. Differences between tuberculous and nontuberculous pleurisy in patients with positive tuberculin skin test.

T-lymphocytes previously sensitized by an antigen undergo blastic transformation and produce IFN tau when stimulated by the same antigen. We studied the lymphoblastic response to PPD and IFN tau production in pleural fluid and peripheral blood of 41 patients (15 with tuberculous pleural effusion, 13 with nontuberculous pleurisy and positive tuberculin skin test, and 13 with tuberculin-negative nontuberculous pleurisy). In tuberculous pleuritis, pleural lymphocyte blastic response and IFN tau production were higher than those of peripheral lymphocytes, whereas in tuberculin-positive nontuberculous patients, peripheral lymphocyte response and IFN tau production were higher than those of pleural lymphocytes. Tuberculous pleural fluid lymphocytes underwent greater blastic transformation and produced more IFN tau than pleural lymphocytes of tuberculin-positive nontuberculous patients, whereas the opposite occurred in peripheral lymphocytes. In tuberculin-negative nontuberculous patients, there was no lymphoblastic response in either the pleural fluid or peripheral blood. These results concur with the concept of immunologic compartmentalization. In tuberculous pleuritis, there would be clonal expansion of PPD-responding T-lymphocytes in the pleural compartment. This expansion of PPD-specific lymphocytes would not occur in nontuberculous pleuritis, but lymphocytes sensitized to other antigens would accumulate in the pleural compartment.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1988

High level of interferon gamma in tuberculous pleural effusion.

It has been observed that T-lymphocytes of patients with tuberculosis produce interferon gamma (IFN gamma) in vitro. Based on this idea, we studied IFN gamma in pleural fluid and serum. We studied 80 patients with pleural effusion; 30 patients with tuberculous pleurisy had high IFN gamma concentrations in pleural fluid. Patients with malignant pleural effusions, nonspecific pleural effusion, parapneumonic effusions and pleural transudates had low levels. The IFN gamma levels were higher in those with massive tuberculous effusion and apparent pulmonary lesion on x-ray film. We found that the T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio was higher in pleural fluid than in peripheral blood. Numbers of T3 and T4 lymphocytes were higher in tuberculous pleural effusions compared with those in other patients. There is no correlation between IFN gamma levels and lymphocyte subsets in pleural effusion. Perhaps pleural T-lymphocytes produce IFN gamma after stimulation by mycobacterial antigens and this lymphokine activates macrophages, increasing their bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Diagnostic clinical and immunologic characteristics of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus in infants].

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in infants has different clinical and immunological characteristics from adult AIDS because of immunological immaturity of the fetus and newborn when infection is produced. Differential diagnosis with primary immunodeficiency diseases, mainly with severe combined immunodeficiency and hypogammaglobulinemia is often difficult, but clinical, epidemiological and immunological data aid in establishing diagnosis. Repeated bacterial infections and abnormal antibody production are common in such children and gammaglobulin therapy is indicated to prevent them and avoid continuous immunological stimulation that viral replication and disease progression.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Hypogammaglobulinaemia and negative anti-HIV antibodies in AIDS.

Repeated bacterial infections are frequent in children with AIDS owing to the B cell abnormalities produced by HIV infection. We report on two infants who presented with hypogammaglobulinaemia and with no HIV antibodies, but with epidemiological, immunological, and clinical features of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[Respiratory infections associated with a cytomegalovirus].

We report 27 children with respiratory tract disease in whom cytomegalovirus was isolated. These group excludes transplant patients and those on hemodialysis and mononucleosis. At the time of virus studies 7 had pneumonia, 3 chronic bronchopneumopathy, 2 bronchopneumonia, 8 pertussoid syndrome, 6 bronchitis or bronchiolitis and 1 laryngitis with glottic oedema. Virus studies consisted in cell cultures of biological products (pharyngeal exudates and urine). They were positive in 18 pharyngeal exudates, 24 urines, 2 bronchial brushings and 1 bronchoaspiration. In only 5 patients a complete serologic study was performed, with 3 seroconversions and one case of persistent high titers. Three patients had severe immune disease (2 hipogammaglobulinemias) and 1 dysgammaglobulinemia. These findings are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

Reticular dysgenesis: report of two brothers.

We describe two brothers with marked leucopenia, lymphopenia, no immunologicl response to infections (no Ig production, negative PHA response and very low number of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood) and hypocellular marrow. They died at 12 and 8 days of life with infection (E. coli and Klebsiella, respectively).

Bone Marrow↗