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Biomedical subjects

T Estlander

Publications and source records attributed to T Estlander.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Airborne occupational allergic contact dermatitis from champignon mushroom.

BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis from mushrooms has only seldom been reported. OBJECTIVES: We report on a mushroom picker who developed skin symptoms from occupational exposure to the mushroom champignon. METHODS: Conventional patch testing and prick testings were performed. RESULTS: Erythema and vesicular edemic dermatitis appeared around the eyes, on the cheeks, around the nose, and around the lips of a 31-year-old woman who had been involved in the commercial production of champignons for 5 years. Prick testing to champignon was negative, but patch testing with raw champignon provoked a 2+ allergic reaction and was negative in the controls. CONCLUSION: Our patient had been occupationally sensitized from exposure to champignon. The allergen is not known but may be a low-molecularweight chemical or a protein present in the champignon.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Contact leukoderma caused by patch testing with dental acrylics.

Several chemicals are capable of inducing contact leukoderma. Here we report on a dental nurse who had been investigated elsewhere at a dermatology clinic 2.8 years earlier because of suspected occupational fingertip dermatitis. She had been patch tested on her upper arm with dental acrylic resins "as is." These strong concentrations of patch test substances caused a severe allergic reaction in the upper arm, and the patch test sites have remained vitiliginous for 2.8 years. Active sensitization did not take place because the patient had been sensitized earlier as shown by the allergic 2-day readings with acrylics during the first patch test session. It is assumed that acrylates induced contact vitiligo, but the dental acrylics may have also contained other chemicals (eg, hydroquinone or phenolic substances) capable of causing vitiligo. The main point to be learned from the present results is that dental acrylics should never be patch tested "as is." We also discourage the practice of use tests, open tests, or repeated open patch tests with undiluted dental acrylics because of the risk of active sensitization from single exposure.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1997

Postal questionnaire study of disability associated with latex allergy among health care workers in Finland.

In this study, the association between natural rubber latex (NRL) sensitization and work ability index (WAI) among health care workers was investigated. Furthermore, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of a postal questionnaire as a screening device of NRL allergy was evaluated. The study population consisted of 32 female health care workers with an occupational latex allergy, and 51 control subjects who were individually matched for age and occupation. A self-administered two-part questionnaire, including seven items of a work ability index (WAI), as well as questions on glove-related symptoms, was mailed to the subjects. The median age for NRL allergic subjects was 40 years (range 23-62), and the diagnosis of occupational latex allergy had been made six years (range 2-16) before the present study. The WAI scores were on average lower among the sensitized subjects as compared with their nonsensitized controls. Even after removing the contribution of the presence of allergic eczema, diagnosed by a physician, from the original WAI score, the proportion of NRL allergic subjects and the control subjects in the good work ability category were 34% and 53%, respectively. Ten health care workers (31%) had changed occupation and one early retirement had occurred after sensitization to NRL. The sensitivity and specificity of the present self-administered questionnaire as an indicator for latex allergy was 84% and 98%, respectively. In conclusion, there is a clear association between NRL allergy and a decrease in the WAI among health care workers, which cannot be explained by age, gender, profession, or history of atopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Hairdresser's koilonychia.

Koilonychia is a nail disorder well known to accompany certain systemic diseases, but it can also be caused by external factors. We report two cases of occupational koilonychia in hairdressers caused by the toxic effect of chemicals used in permanent wave. Hairdresser's koilonychia has been seldom reported, but may be common.

Beauty Culture↗
PubMed1997

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (EPTMAC) and Kathon LX in a starch modification factory.

2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (EPTMAC) is used in the production of cationic starch (CS) for the paper industry. It has been shown to be a sensitizer in guinea pigs, but cases of human sensitization are few. 4 workers were previously sensitized to the substance in a Finnish plant. This report describes 3 process men from another plant examined because of recurring dermatitis. 18 workers were involved in production, and had free access to all work sites. 3 process men, whose work involved drying the CS, had dermatitis, although they had only occasional contact with the cationizing chemical. 2 were already verified to be allergic to EPTMAC and had had variable dermatitis for 8-12 years. One had had dermatitis on his face for 1 year. Patch testing with a dilution series (1%, 0.5%, 0.2%, 0.1% pet.) confirmed their allergy to the cationizing chemical containing EPTMAC, but tests with CS were negative. In addition, 2 had contact allergy to Cl+ Me-isothiazolinone from contact with Kathon LX used as a slimicide in the process. In long-standing (years) recurrent dermatitis, re-examination of patients with verified exposure history and skin test is necessary. In line with our previous study, sampling the process materials, maintenance work and contamination of work sites and gloves caused sensitization. The results also confirm that EPTMAC is a strong human contact sensitizer. 0.2%-0.5% pure EPTMAC in pet. seems to be the optimal patch test concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Hand dermatitis and allergic patch test reactions caused by nickel in electroplaters.

A worksite survey was conducted in all 38 Finnish electroplating plants. All workers (n = 163) who worked with nickel plating (bath workers, hangers and solution makers) were interviewed with a questionnaire about symptoms of nickel dermatitis, hand dermatitis, and about protective measures, atopy, etc. Patch testing with nickel sulfate was done with the TRUE TestTM method. All the workers, 94 men and 69 women, answered the questionnaire. The mean age of women was 41.1 years, and of men 43.1 years, respectively. Men had longer occupational exposure to nickel (14 years) than women (10 years). Most workers used protective gloves. 35% of women and 30% of men reported present or past hand dermatosis. 19% reported a history of atopic dermatitis. 15% of women (n = 8) and 4% (n = 2) of men had an allergic patch test reaction to nickel sulfate. 70% of those with an allergic patch test reaction to nickel reported past or present hand eczema. The prevalence of nickel allergy among the electroplaters was similar to that of patients in patch test clinics in Finland. An allergic patch test reaction to nickel sulfate does not necessarily oblige an electroplater to change jobs.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Delayed and immediate allergy caused by methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride.

Epoxy resin compounds (ERC) include a large number of chemicals, such as epoxy resins (ER), reactive diluents and hardeners. Many hardeners, e.g., aliphatic polyamines, are well-known sensitizers. Another type of ER hardeners are the phthalic anhydrides, such as methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA), which have been reported as causing immunologically-mediated respiratory diseases and contact urticaria, but not allergic contact dermatitis. Here, we present a horizontal boring-machine worker who developed allergic contact dermatitis, as well as allergic rhinitis and an immediate contact skin reaction from MHHPA. Patch testing with a dilution series of MHHPA in pet. elicited the following results: 2%, 1% and 0.5%, +2; 0.25% and 0.125%, + (3- to 6-day readings). An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study also indicated that the patch test reactions were conventional-delayed allergic reactions. Interleukin 8 was observed in the epidermal cells, whereas interleukin 4 immunoreactivity was detected in the dermal cells. Immunoreactivity to-interleukin 5, granulocyte/macrophage-colophony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or eosinophil cationic protein was not seen. In conclusion, the patient developed both Type I and Type IV allergy to MHHPA. The clinical data, patch test results, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic observations indicated that the MHHPA allergy detected by the patch test reaction was a conventional delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. The patient also had an allergic patch test reaction to para-phenylenediamine and diaminodiphenylmethane, possibly representing occupational sensitization.

Allergens↗
PubMed1997

10 years of patch testing with the (meth)acrylate series.

Statistics on 10 years of patch testing with 30 (meth)acrylates were compiled. Altogether 275 patients were patch tested and 48 patients (17.5%) had an allergic reaction to at least 1 (meth)acrylate. The (meth)acrylates most often provoking an allergic patch test reaction were 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA; 12.1%), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA; 12.0%) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA; 11.4%). No allergic reactions were caused by 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), 2,2-bis[4-(methacryloxy)phenyl]propane (BIS-MA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), oligotriacrylate 480 (OTA 480), N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA), or ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA). The frequency of allergic patch test reactions presented cannot be considered as a "ranking" list of the most sensitizing (meth)acrylate compounds. In order to be able to judge the sensitization capacity of various (meth)acrylate compounds in humans, it would be necessary to have detailed information on the exposure history of the patients studied, including the purity of the (meth)acrylate compounds. Currently, this is not possible because (meth)acrylate-containing products regularly contain undeclared (meth)acrylate compounds.

Allergens↗