Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T F Henrichs.
The efficiency of a recently developed MMPI scale (Pan) to identify panic disorder was assessed in samples of both psychiatric and medical patients. Particular attention was paid to base rates and cutting scores. The Pan scale was found to have utility in rule-out clinical decision making. Suggestions for further validation studies are discussed.
This study presents data on the effect of different methods of correct feedback on judge accuracy on the identification of neurosis or psychosis from MMPI profile patterns by moderately experienced judges (N = 22). Concurrent correct feedback is contrasted with correct feedback obtained by application of a configural rule system, as well as results from the application of a statistical equation. Implications for improving performance of judges are discussed.
Item-level factor studies of the MMPI date back to the work of Comrey (1957). Surprisingly, there are no extant studies of the items that clinicians use most in the course of daily MMPI interpretive reporting, namely, the 399 x 399 matrix that represents all of the items that comprise the traditional clinical and validity scales. Furthermore, there are no prior studies with adequate Ns that have examined the replicability of MMPI factor structure via available factor comparison techniques (Harman, 1976). In this study, 20,000 MMPIs were factored by the principal components method, followed by Varimax rotations of 6 through 25 factors. The coefficient of congruence was used to compare the factor structures of randomly divided subsamples, as well as males vs. females and Blacks vs. Whites. Differences in factor structure were found, and suggestions are made with regard to the significance of these findings in clinical and applied settings.
Significant methodological problems in the identification of MMPI subtypes in patients with chronic pain are addressed, and some illustrative data are offered. Particular attention is given to the selection of MMPI predictor data, determination of membership in a subtype, and the selection of nontest descriptors. Some recommendations for improving the predictive validity of statements about the personality and behavioral characteristics of patients with chronic pain from the MMPI are made.
The present study compares an atheoretical, actuarial method for obtaining personality and behavioral descriptions from WAIS profile patterns to the Personality Assessment System--the theoretical system developed by J. Gittinger for the same purpose. Interest was focused on both the determination of group membership by the two systems, and on the resultant personality descriptions. The PAS theory based sorting systems did identify the target group of the actuarial approach well, and the personality descriptors were found to have distinct resemblance, though certainly not complete overlap.
Eighteen percent of the 120 delinquent boys in a training school were found to be depressed when DSM III criteria for Major Depressive Disorder were utilitzed. Contrary to expectations, the prevalence of depression was not significantly more frequent among socialized, undersocialized, aggressive or nonaggressive subtypes. A comparison of depressive symptomatology among the depressed and nondepressed delinquents revealed that psychomotor agitation was not significantly different in the two groups. Over one-third of all parents were depressed and the authors suggest that this could be a contributory factor in the development of delinquency.
The present study offers additional information on the actuarial interpretation of WAIS profile patterns. Specifically, a sample of 242 WAIS protocols was investigated for cases which met all the previously established classification criteria for a profile pattern called Cluster IV. Two cases were identified, and their unique relationships to previously delineated personality and behavioral descriptors were described. The results suggest that the Cluster IV profile pattern is stable and can be reliably associated with certain personality descriptors, and further, that age acts as a moderator variable which alters the interpretation of this pattern.
To assess the feasibility of both an empirical derivation of WAIS subtest patterns and an actuarial assignment of behavioral descriptions to these patterns, 11 potential patterns were delineated. Three of these were studied in depth, and one of these was the focus of this report. The derivation and cross validation groups of this one pattern displayed highly similar WAIS scores on all 11 subtests, but differences between the groups in age, marital status, and some output descriptors were noted. These results were explained in terms of age acting as a moderator variable. In general, the results suggest that patterns of WAIS subtest scores can be identified and that these can be reliably associated with specific behavioral descriptors.
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Data are presented on the clinical utility of two Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) indices, the Pseudo-Neurologic (Pn) Scale developed by Shaw and Matthews and the configural rule system developed by Wilkus et al. for the prediction of pseudoseizures. Particular attention is given to base rates, hit rates, and error rates in the analyses. Only the configural rule system was found to be of clinical value in ruling out the probability of pseudoseizures.
Using three psychomotor tasks administered three times each at 2-week intervals, we studied the performances of 18 control subjects and 18 subjects who were routinely and daily exposed to trace concentrations of anesthetic gases in the course of their clinical practice. No significant differences attributable to exposure to trace concentrations of anesthetics were detected. It is concluded that laboratory studies may overestimate the degree of alteration of psychomotor skills associated with exposure to trace concentrations of inhalation anesthetics.
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