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Biomedical subjects

T F Payne

Publications and source records attributed to T F Payne.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Olfactory classical conditioning in neonates.

One-day-old, awake infants underwent an olfactory classical conditioning procedure to assess associative learning within the olfactory system of newborns. Experimental infants received ten 30-second pairings of a novel olfactory conditioned stimulus (a citrus odor of neutral value) and tactile stimulation provided by stroking as the reinforcing unconditioned stimulus (a stimulus with positive properties). Control babies received only the odor, only the stroking, or the stroking followed by the odor presentation. The next day, all infants, in either the awake or sleep state, were given five 30-second presentations of the odor. Results were analyzed from video tapes scored by an observer unaware of the infants' training condition. The results indicate that only those infants who received the forward pairings of the odor and stroking exhibited conditioned responding (head turning toward the odor) to the citrus odor. The performance of the conditioned response was not affected by the state of the baby during testing, because both awake and sleeping infants exhibited conditioned responses. Furthermore, the expression of the conditioned response was odor specific; a novel floral odor presented during testing did not elicit conditioned responses in the experimental babies. These results suggest that complex associative olfactory learning is seen in newborns within the first 48 hours of life. These baseline findings may serve as normative data against which observation from neonates at risk for neurological sequelae may be compared.

Conditioning, Classical↗
PubMed1989

Auditory brainstem-evoked potentials in term infants born to mothers addicted to opiates.

A series of 20 normal newborn term infants and 12 infants born to mothers who had abused opiates during pregnancy were studied. Auditory brainstem-evoked potentials were used to describe neurophysiologic dysfunction in a group of drug-addicted term infants. Significant differences in the auditory brainstem-evoked potentials were found between the two groups. Specifically, a decrease in the central conduction times was noted for the I-III interpeak interval, suggesting neurophysiologic dysfunction in the area of the pons and cerebellum.

Evoked Potentials, Auditory↗
PubMed1978

Bupivacaine paracervical block. Effects on the fetus and neonate.

To evaluate effects on the fetus and neonate, 53 paracervical blocks were administered to 38 low-risk parturients using a controlled superficial injection of 0.25% bupivacaine. Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring revealed no instance of bradycardia or late deceleration pattern. Apgar scores, cord arterial and venous pH values, and neurobehavioral evaluations of the neonates were similar to those observed in other low-risk patients. The effectiveness of pain relief of the blocks was less than expected or reported by other authors. Although we observed no harmful effects on the fetus or neonate from the superficial paracervical injection of bupivacaine, we did not find this combination of drug and technique to give dependable, effective pain relief in labor.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of the mucogingival junction in dentulous and edentulous areas.

Thirty human mucogingival specimens were evaluated histologically and histochemically to determine whether a difference exists in the mucogingival junction of dentulous and edentulous areas of the maxilla and mandible. No significant differences were observed between the two areas. The presence of an intermediate zone is described, which may have clinical implications in some surgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Why are white lesions white? Observations on keratin.

It is proposed that oral keratoses appear white because of the ability of abnormal oral keratin to evenly reflect the visible light spectrum because of the hydration of the keratin layer in a manner similar to the reaction of the stratum corneum of the epidermis to water. Thickening of the keratin layer per se or the over-all thickness of the epithelium does not appear to be the primary factor in causing an intraoral lesion to appear white. The white appearance is related to thickness only insofar as it takes a certain amount of abnormal keratin to be clinically evident. It appears that an accumulation of only 10 to 20 microns of abnormal keratin is sufficient to cause a lesion to appear very white. This is about the amount seen on the normal human palate. It seems likely that, when a normally nonkeratinized area, such as the buccal mucosa or floor of the mouth, is stimulated to produce keratin, the keratin thus produced would be different from normally occurring oral keratin. This difference apparently manifests itself clinically as hydration of the keratin layer. A more complete understanding of why white lesions are white awaits further elucidation in regard to the role of lipids, keratohyaline granules, membrane-coating granules, and intercellular cement. Characterization of the oral keratins as to their amino acid residues and types of bondings, as well as insight into the events transpiring when the prickle cell becomes keratinized, may not only shed light on the etiology of these lesions but also have prognostic implications.

Animals↗