Biomedical subjects

T Falco

Publications and source records attributed to T Falco.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Setup verification in linac-based radiosurgery.

A semi-automatic technique for the direct setup alignment of radiosurgical circular fields from an isocentric linac to treatment room laser cross-hairs is described. Alignment is achieved by acquiring images of the treatment room positioning laser cross-hairs superimposed on the radiosurgical circular field image. An alignment algorithm calculates the center of the radiosurgical field image as well as the intersection of the laser cross-hairs. This determines any alignment deviations and the information is then used to translate the radiosurgical collimator to its correct aligned position. Two detectors, each being sensitive to the lasers and ionizing radiation, were used to acquire the radiation/laser images. The first detector consists of a 0.3-mm-thick layer of photoconducting a-Se deposited on a 1.5-mm-thick copper plate and the second is film. The algorithm and detector system can detect deviations with a precision of approximately 0.04 mm. A device with gyroscopic degrees of freedom was built in order to firmly hold the detector at any orientation perpendicular to the radiosurgical beam axis. This device was used in conjunction with our alignment algorithm to quantify the isocentric sphere relative to the treatment room lasers over all gantry and couch angles used in dynamic stereotactic radiosurgery.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1998

Preliminary study of a metal/a-Se-based portal detector.

A feasibility study has been performed on metal/amorphous selenium detectors for megavoltage portal imaging. The metal plates of the detectors were positioned facing the incident 6 MV and Co-60 photon spectra. The detectors consist of various thicknesses (0.15 mm, 0.30 mm, and 0.50 mm) of amorphous selenium (a-Se) deposited on metal plates of varying thicknesses: aluminum (2.0 mm), copper (1.0 mm and 1.5 mm), stainless steel (0.9 mm), or glass (1.1 mm). The detectors were charged prior to irradiation by corona methods, and the portal images were subsequently digitized after irradiation with a noncontact electrostatic probe. The sensitivity of the detectors to dose, electric field across the a-Se layer, metal plate type and a-Se thickness, was studied. The electrostatic voltage remaining on the a-Se layer was found, both theoretically and experimentally, to exhibit a cubic relationship with respect to dose. An increase in electric field increases the sensitivity (gradient of the a-Se surface voltage vs dose curve) and dynamic range of the resultant image. An increase in a-Se thickness, however, although also increasing the sensitivity, decreases the dynamic range. The metal plate types and thicknesses within the range studied do not have a significant effect on detector sensitivity. Image quality and contrast resolution of the detector were evaluated with a contrast-detail phantom and compared to commercially available film based and electronic portal imaging devices. Image quality of the metal/a-Se detector as a function of dose was studied by discharging the a-Se to various fractions of its initial charge, and as expected, increases with dose due to a decrease in quantum noise. Contrast-detail images obtained by metal/a-Se detectors are superior to those obtained at higher dose levels by other commercial systems.

Biophysical Phenomena↗

PubMed1998

Characteristics of metal-plate/film detectors at therapy energies. I. Modulation transfer function.

Measurements of modulation transfer function (MTF) for front and back metal-plate/film portal detectors are reported for the Cobalt-60 and 10 MV spectra. The detectors consist of a double-emulsion portal film secured between plates of Al, Cu, brass, or Pb with thicknesses varying from 0 to 4.81 mm. Secondary electrons produced within the front plate generate the main signal, but the MTF decreases with an increase in front plate thickness greater than the maximum range of electrons Rmax because of photon scatter in the front plate. Because the decrease of MTF with backplate thickness ceases for backplate thickness greater than Rmax, the MTF is influenced more by the backscatter electrons than the backscatter photons.

Biophysical Phenomena↗

PubMed1998

Characteristics of metal-plate/film detectors at therapy energies. II. Detective quantum efficiency.

Noise power spectrum (NPS) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) for metal-plate/film portal detectors are reported for the Co-60 and Linac 10 MV spectra. The detectors consist of a double-emulsion portal film secured between plates of aluminum, copper, brass, or lead. The NPS was found to be independent of the detector sensitivity demonstrating that the film grain noise dominates over the quantum noise. Although the detector signal increases with density of the backplates, the resultant electron-backscatter increases detector blur, thus decreasing the DQE. The lowest DQEs are therefore produced with the lead backplates, irrespective of the front plates. For a given backplate and for front-plate thicknesses less than the maximum electron range, the DQE increases with density of the front plate.

Biophysical Phenomena↗