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Biomedical subjects

T Field

Publications and source records attributed to T Field.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Leave-takings and reunions of infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and their parents.

The leave-taking and reunion behaviors of infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and their parents were observed as the children were "dropped off" and "picked up" at their nursery school each day. On arrival at their classroom, infants and toddlers related primarily to their parents, whereas preschoolers related to their teachers. Girls more frequently engaged in interaction with their teachers, and boys more frequently approached the children's play activities. Distress behaviors during the parents' departures were most frequently shown by toddlers, and the toddlers' parents hovered about them and " sneaked out of the room" more frequently. Children dropped off by mothers versus fathers showed more attention-getting behavior and crying, and mothers versus fathers engaged in more "distracting-the-child" behaviors and showed a longer latency to leave the classroom. During the second semester of observations parents and children spent less time relating to each other during leave-taking, children protested the departures less frequently, and the parents left the classroom more quickly. Regression analyses on distress behaviors during leave- takings and ambivalent behavior during reunions suggested that parent behaviors such as verbal explanation, distracting the child, latency to leave, and " sneaking out of the room" were correlated with children's distress and leave-taking distress was related to ambivalent behavior at reunion.

Attitude↗
PubMed1982

Immediate and long-term outcome of acute arterial occlusion of the extremities. The effect of added vascular reconstruction.

Patients with acute arterial occlusion in immediate danger of limb loss, are frequently high-risk surgical candidates, yet a simple balloon thromboembolectomy often does not suffice for limb salvage. With this in mind, we studied 61 male patients with acute arterial occlusions to assess the effects of added vascular procedures at the time of initial thromboembolectomy. Forty-three patients had only thromboembolectomy, but 18 required additional vascular reconstructive procedures. Immediate limb salvage (83.3%) and long-term limb salvage (67%) in these 18 patients, who had no operative deaths, were similar to those of the other 43 patients. Surgical therapy including needed additional vascular reconstruction of acute arterial occlusions results in not only satisfactory short-term but also good long-term functional outcome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Nonnutritive sucking during tube feedings: effects on preterm neonates in an intensive care unit.

Preterm neonates (mean 32 weeks' gestation, 1,300 gm birth weight) were provided a pacifier for nonnutritive sucking during tube feedings in the intensive care nursery. Their clinical course, subsequent bottle feeding behavior, and performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment scale were compared with those of control group infants. The infants provided with pacifiers averaged 27 fewer tube feedings, started bottle feeding three days earlier, averaged a greater weight gain per day, and were discharged eight days earlier for an average hospital cost savings of approximately $3,500. Formula intake was similar for the two groups, although nurses appeared to provide more feeding stimulation for the control infants. On the Brazelton scale, the infants provided with pacifiers showed weak reflexes more frequently. Increased restfulness and diminished activity level in these infants may have contributed to the appearance of weak reflexes. The consistency between these findings and those of previous investigators suggests that the provision of a pacifier for nonnutritive sucking during tube feedings may be a cost-effective form of intervention.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1982

Effects of parent training on teenage mother and their infants.

Parent training was provided for 80 low-income, black teenage mothers during their infants' first six months. Half of the mothers were visited biweekly in their homes to be instructed in caregiving and in sensorimotor and interaction exercises, and half were trained as CETA (Comprehensive Employment Training ACT)-paid, teacher's aides in a medical school infant nursery that provided care for their infants and infants of medical faculty. Growth and development during the first two years were superior for the infants whose mothers received training, particularly those who received paid parent training as teacher's aides in the infant nursery. Repeat pregnancy rates were lower and return to work/school rates were higher for the infant nursery mothers, most of whom subsequently pursued nurse's aide training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Squamous cell carcinoma of the proximal bile duct--a case report.

A 56-year-old white male with abdominal pain, vomiting, and jaundice was found on exploration to have squamous cell carcinoma of the hepatic ducts with metastasis to the liver. He was treated with palliative procedure consisting of dilation of tumor and placement of T-tube past the lesion. After recovering from surgery, patient was begun on radiation therapy to the liver and hilum, but his postoperative course was of progressive liver failure. This first necessitated cessation of radiation therapy and finally ended with the death of the patient three months after diagnosis.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1980

Supplemental stimulation of preterm neonates.

Studies on supplemental stimulation of preterm infants treated in intensive care nurseries suggest some benefits for the stimulated infants. The types, degree and duration of benefit, however, vary across studies. The following is a review of these studies, with a discussion of methodological considerations which may explain variability of findings and which may be modified in future investigations.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1980

Early face-to-face interactions of British and American working- and middle-class mother-infant dyads.

Face-to-face interactions were compared for mother-infant dyads from working- and middle-class groups living in the United States and England. The dyads engaged in equivalent amounts of proximal interaction but varying amounts of distal interaction. Distal interaction behaviors occurred less frequently in working-class dyads. While there were no differences between the British and American dyads on total time spent in distal interaction, the British dyads engaged in more toy-related games and American dyads exhibited more socially oriented interactions and games. The findings highlight the importance of cultural context in investigating early interactions.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1979

The onset of rhythmic activities in normal and high-risk infants.

The onset of rhythmic activities was compared for 2 groups of high-risk infants (a preterm Respiratory Distress Syndrome and a postterm postmature group) and a normal term group over their 1st year of life. The postterm postmature group experienced earlier onsets of rhythmic activities. The preterm RDS group showed delays in the onset of rhythmic activities, but when a correction was made for the prematurity, did not differ from the other groups. These differences suggest that the onset dates for rhythmic activities are not affected by the perinatal complications of RDS or postmaturity, but are related to gestational age differences. A comparison of the 3 groups on Bayley 1st-year motor skills revealed group differences even after an adjustment for gestational age differences, suggesting that the development of motor skills, unlike the development of rhythmic activities, may have been affected by these perinatal complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Games parents play with normal and high-risk infants.

Game playing during early infant-parent interactions provides a context for learning conversational turntaking and contingent responsivity. The types and frequency of "universally" recognized infant games were observed during face-to-face interactions of normal and high risk infant-parent dyads when the infants were four months old. Approximately six different games were played for approximately one-third of the interaction time. Except during interactions with normal male infants mothers and fathers played games equally as often. The high-risk infant-parent dyads engaged in game playing less frequently than the normal infant-parent dyads. These differences are discussed in the context of the high-risk infants being "difficult" babies and relatively less responsive.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A first-year follow-up of high-risk infants: formulating a cumulative risk index.

Multiple developmental assessments were made at 4-month intervals over the first year of life for 2 groups of infants born at risk and 1 normal group. The groups included 46 preterm respiratory distress syndrome infants, 46 postterm postmaturity syndrome, and 59 term normal infants. The mothers were white, multiparous, middle-class, high school graduates averaging 25 years of age. Analyses of group differences revealed that the preterm respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) infants continued to exhibit delays in motor and mental development and the postmature infants in mental development. Discriminant function analyses suggesting that the most efficient predictors and accurate discriminators of continuing risk were as follows: the Parmelee obstetric and postnatal complications scores and the Brazelton interactive and motoric process scores at birth; the Denver rating, mother-infant interaction and Carey temperament ratings at 4 months; and the Bayley mental and motor scores at 8 months. On the basis of their weighted assessment scores, infants were assigned a cumulative risk index at each assessment period.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Effect of maternal methadone addiction on offspring in rats.

Female rats were addicted to methadone via small dosages in their drinking water. The addicted animals were impregnated, and continued to receive the drug during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were examined at birth and at age 21 days. Compared to controls whose mothers did not receive the drug, pups of addicted mothers at birth had significantly lower weight, brain weight and brain protein; litter size, brain DNA and brain acetylcholinesterase activity were not significantly different between the two groups. At age 21, pups of addicted mothers had significantly lower brain protein and brain acetylcholinesterase than did controls; body weight and brain DNA were not significantly different.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal depression effects on infants and early interventions.

Our recent research suggests that: (1) maternal depression negatively affects infants as early as the neonatal period, implicating prenatal effects of maternal depression; (2) as early as birth the infants show a profile of "dysregulation" in their behavior, physiology, and biochemistry which probably derives from prenatal exposure to a biochemical imbalance in their mothers; (3) these effects are compounded by the disorganizing influence of the mother's interaction behavior; (4) depressed mothers have two predominant interaction styles, withdrawn or intrusive, which seem to have differential, negative effects on their infants related to inadequate stimulation and arousal modulation; (5) nondepressed caregivers such as fathers may buffer these effects because they provide more optimal stimulation and arousal modulation; and (6) interventions that are mood altering for the mothers (e.g., music and massage therapy) and arousal reducing for the infants (e.g., the same therapies) make the mothers and infants more responsive to interaction coaching and improve their interactions.

Adult↗