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Biomedical subjects

T Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to T Fischer.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Relationship of one form of human histamine-releasing factor to connective tissue activating peptide-III.

We have previously reported purification of three forms of histamine-releasing factors (HRFs) from mixtures of streptokinase-streptodornase stimulated human mononuclear cells and platelets with apparent molecular masses of 10-12, 15-17, and 40-41 kD (1989. J. Clin. Invest. 83:1204-1210). We have also prepared mouse MAbs against the 10-12-kD HRF (1989. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 83:281). Affinity-purified 10-12-kD HRF appears as a broad band upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. We determined the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the top and bottom halves of this broad band. Sequence analysis revealed striking homology between this HRF and connective tissue activating peptide-III (CTAP-III), a platelet-derived 8-10-kD protein known to cause mitogenesis and extracellular matrix formation in fibroblast cultures. 19 of 21 NH2-terminal residues in the top half of the HRF band were identical to the NH2-terminal sequence of CTAP-III. 20 of 21 NH2-terminal residues in the bottom half were identical to the NH2-terminal sequence of neutrophil-activating peptide-2, which is derived from CTAP-III by proteolytic cleavage between residues 15 and 16. Purified CTAP-III also released histamine from basophils. Rabbit antiserum raised against either native or recombinant CTAP-III recognized affinity-purified HRF in immunodot blot assays, and MAb against HRF recognized CTAP-III in both dot blot and microtiter plate based immunoassays. These data demonstrate the first structural, functional, and immunologic relationship between one form of human HRF and a previously described cell product.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Influence of topical metal binding substances, vehicles, and corticosteroid creams on the allergic patch test reaction in metal-sensitive patients.

Persons known to be allergic to nickel, cobalt, or both were patch tested with serial dilutions of cobalt chloride or nickel sulfate either in petrolatum on skin treated with topical preparations with and without metal-binding compounds or incorporated into such special preparations. A decreased response was found in patients tested with Vioform (clinquinol) and cobalt chloride simultaneously, whereas rutin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavon 3-rhamnoglucosid) increased the response, and polyfloretin phosphate had no effect. The vehicles proved significant: "Ung Merck" and "W/O Cream Base" increased reactivity, whereas polyethylene glycol gave good protection against metal ions. As expected, corticosteroid creams suppressed the inflammatory response.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

The effects of cryogenic blockade of the centrifugal, bulbopetal pathways on the dynamic and static response characteristics of goldfish olfactory bulb mitral cells.

The responses of single goldfish olfactory bulb mitral cells were studied by extracellular recordings before and during cryogenic blockade of the efferent, centrifugal pathways in the ipsilateral olfactory tract. In each experiment the same odour was presented 40 times before and then 40 times during cooling. Each stimulus period (at least 30 s) was preceded by a stimulus-free interval (at least 30 s), during which a steady stream of tap water was applied. These procedures allow the investigation of activity changes of single neurons and of cell ensembles using statistical methods. i) In comparison with the pre-cooling activity, cooling of the efferent pathways did not cause a generalized disinhibition in mitral cell responses. Significant disinhibitory, significant inhibitory and indifferent effects occurred in about the same proportion during repetitive water and odour applications. ii) Abrupt or slow changes of single mitral cell discharge patterns during the 40 water and odour applications were observed before and during blocking of the efferent fibre systems: These pattern changes are therefore not necessarily a consequence of the efferent signals, and may thus have been a result of intrabulbar plasticity. iii) The most notable effect of efferent fibre blockade across all experiments was a significant (Wilcoxon-rank-test, P = 0.01) decrease of the signal to noise ratio i.e., the ratio between the activity during the "spontaneous" (water) and the stimulus (odour) phase, which could be demonstrated for both the phasic (immediately after stimulus onset) and tonic (during long term stimulation) components of the mitral cell responses.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1989

Easier patch testing with TRUE Test.

TRUE Test, a standardized, ready-to-apply patch test system, is made from polyester covered with a film of allergens incorporated in a hydrophilic polymer. The patches are mounted on nonwoven cellulose tape with acrylic adhesive, covered with siliconized plastic, and packed in an air-tight and light-impermeable envelope. When the test strip is taped on the skin, perspiration hydrates the film and transforms it to a gel, which causes the allergen to be released. The first panel of 12 allergens and allergen mixes is standardized and tested for stability in vitro and in vivo. The accuracy of the test panel has been certified in international multicenter studies by comparing it with present patch test techniques. A second panel of 11 more allergens was completed in 1988. The two test panels include the full standard panel of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed1989

Patch testing technique.

The patch test is a necessary tool to evaluate contact dermatitis and other pruritic dermatoses. To obtain accurate test results, however, high-quality test material must be used, the application technique must be correct, and the results must be evaluated with skill and criticism. The relevance of the test should be related to the patient's history: both positive and negative test results are of importance.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

Chemical, pharmaceutical and clinical standardization of the TRUE Test caine mix.

The development of the caine mix patch of the TRUE TestTM involved extensive formulation work to obtain optimal release, stability and clinical function. Hydroxypropyl cellulose, ordinarily used in the TRUE TestTM, induced crystallization and inadequate release of benzocaine. Addition of the crystal poison glucose caused rapid degradation of the caines. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) proved to be a vehicle which incorporated the caines in a stable preparation on the patch. Rapid release of the caines from this vehicle when applied on membranes was confirmed by in vivo patch test studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

N-glycosidase treatment of Colo 205 cells interferes with hIFN-gamma induced HLA-DR expression.

We investigated the effects of N-glycosidase treatment on the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induced HLA-DR expression of Colo 205 cells. N-glycosidase treatment resulted in a significant decrease of IFN-gamma induced HLA-DR specific immunofluorescence intensity ranging from complete reduction to approximately 30% of that of untreated control cells depending on the IFN-gamma dose. IFN-gamma binding studies showed that this was due to a severe reduction in IFN-gamma binding capacity of N-glycosidase treated cells. Since the number of cell membrane IFN-gamma receptors (IFN-gamma-Rs) was virtually unchanged as revealed by immunofluorescence analysis with a hIFN-gamma-R specific monoclonal antibody this indicates that N-linked carbohydrates play an important role in signal transduction and ligand binding capacity of the hIFN-gamma-R and strengthens the view that carbohydrate moieties of receptor proteins are of greater functional significance than originally anticipated.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1988

Serum alpha fetoprotein in 714 mentally retarded carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen.

Sera from 714 mentally retarded carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen were screened for alpha fetoprotein (AFP) by monoclonal radioimmunoassay. Serum AFP levels were less than 20 mcg/L in 708 (99.2%) carriers. One 29-year-old carrier with normal liver function had serum AFP level of 1500 mcg/L, which increased to 12,500 mcg/L after 72 days. She died of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis. Five other carriers with serum AFP levels between 20 and 165 mcg/L are alive without clinical HCC. No correlation was found between serum AFP level and race, age, sex, Down's syndrome, serum alanine aminotransferase level, and hepatitis B e antigen positivity. Single cross-sectional serum AFP screening by itself is not sufficient for early diagnosis of HCC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Comparative multi-center study with TRUE Test and Finn Chamber Patch Test methods in eight Swedish hospitals.

292 individuals were patch tested with twelve allergens, using a new patch test technique, TRUE Test (TT). As controls, the same allergens in standard concentrations in petrolatum were applied using the Finn Chamber technique (FC). The allergen doses used in TT were chosen according to results from a previous serial dilution patch test study. There were reactors to all twelve allergens. The concordance of positive reactions between TT and FC was 78%. 10% were indicated only with TT and 12% FC only. Irritant reactions occurred in the same order of magnitude for the two tests. Weak positive, uncertain, and irritant reactions observed with the different test methods used, indicate minor errors of allergen dosage in both. The investigation indicates that the TRUE Test method is simple to handle, is well standardized and gives good accuracy with the 12 allergens investigated.

Allergens↗
PubMed1987

Granular cell tumors: evidence for heterogeneous tumor cell differentiation. An immunocytochemical study.

Eighteen granular cell tumors from various sites were examined with antisera directed against protein S-100, neuron specific enolase (NSE), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and alpha-1-antitrypsin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), lysozyme, factor VIII-related antigen, myoglobin and vimentin, as well as with a monoclonal antibody (lu-5) directed against a panepithelial marker. The immunocytochemical reaction pattern of the tumors was heterogeneous. The brain and pituitary tumors and one thyroid tumor reacted for alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and alpha-1-antitrypsin, but not for S-100 protein and NSE. However, tumors from other sites showed immunoreactions for S-100 protein and NSE and some also for vimentin. Reactions for alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and alpha-1-antitrypsin were not observed. All other reactions were similarly negative. We conclude that the morphologically homogeneous group of granular cell tumors is biologically heterogeneous.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1986

Systemic responses to tourniquet release in children.

The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of deflation of pneumatic tourniquets were assessed in 15 children, seven of whom had bilateral tourniquets applied. Systemic acidosis from release of lactate and PaCO2 after tourniquet deflation did not cause adverse effects in these healthy children. Larger increases in lactate were seen with longer tourniquet inflation times (greater than 75 min) or with bilateral tourniquets. The greatest decrease in pH was seen with simultaneous deflation of bilateral tourniquets. Heart rate did not change with tourniquet deflation, whereas systolic blood pressure decreased 8-10 mm Hg with deflation. Blood pressure returned to control values within 5-10 min; no arrhythmias were seen. Recommendations to minimize the systemic metabolic effects after release of tourniquets in children under general anesthesia include the following: 1) attempt to limit tourniquet inflation times to less than 75 min; 2) use controlled ventilation prior to and after tourniquet deflation to remove the respiratory component of acidosis; 3) check blood gas tensions within 5 min of tourniquet deflation in children with long tourniquet inflation times (greater than 75 min), and where bilateral tourniquets are deflated simultaneously or within 30 min of each other.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Nucleotide and amino acid sequence coding for polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A12.

The coding region for the structural and nonstructural polypeptides of the type A12 foot-and-mouth disease virus genome has been identified by nucleotide sequencing of cloned DNA derived from the viral RNA. In addition, 704 nucleotides in the 5' untranslated region between the polycytidylic acid tract and the probable initiation codon of the first translated gene, P16-L, have been sequenced. This region has several potential initiation codons, one of which appears to be a low-frequency alternate initiation site. The coding region encompasses 6,912 nucleotides and ends in a single termination codon, UAA, located 96 nucleotides upstream from a 3'-terminal polyadenylic acid tract. Microsequencing of radiolabeled in vivo and in vitro translation products identified the genome position of the major foot-and-mouth disease virus proteins and the cleavage sites recognized by the putative viral protease and an additional protease(s), probably of cellular origin, to generate primary and functional foot-and-mouth disease virus polypeptides.

Amino Acid Sequence↗