[Cerebral nocardiosis. Severity seems to be a function of the delay for diagnosis].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
T Fosse
Publications and source records attributed to T Fosse.
[Iodized polyvidone (betadine) and prevention of postoperative infection. A multicenter study].
A multicentre study of a new preparation of povidone iodine (5% betadine) was carried out on 150 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Pre-operatively the eye was prepared by daubing the peri-ocular skin and a two-minute instillation into the conjunctival fornices. No other antiseptic was applied. Tolerance to the product was evaluated in all the patients: clinical evaluation postoperatively and during a 60-day follow-up period confirmed that the preparation was harmless to the eye. Microbiological investigations (comprising conjunctival swabbing, bacterial culture and count of the bacterial species isolated, before and after application of the product) performed on 60 patients showed a significant fall in the number of colonies after treatment.
Administration, Topical↗
[Infectious diarrhea in the adult].
Infectious diarrhoeas are usually divided into two types; toxinogenic and invasive. Invasive diarrhoeas are copious and responsible for dehydration which is the principal clinical sign; mucosal lesions and bacteraemia are absent. The most typical of toxinogenic diarrhoeas is cholera, but enterotoxicogenic E. coli and Aeromonas infections have similar clinical features. In invasive diarrhoeas the responsible microorganisms penetrate into the epithelial cells of the intestine, producing fever and stools that contain blood and mucus. However, some organisms causing invasive diarrhoeas secrete cytotoxins; they include Shigella spp., Salmonella spp, some strains of E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia spp. When diarrhoea occurs in patients under antibiotics pseudomembranous colitis due to the proliferation of Clostridium difficile must be suspected; the diagnosis is suggested by endoscopy and confirmed by bacteriology. Toxic and infectious diarrhoeas due to food are increasingly frequent; they are usually caused by Salmonella spp., but sometimes by Clostridium perfringens or Staphylococcus aureus. In patients with suspected infectious diarrhoea symptomatic treatment combined or not with intestinal antibacterial agents is immediately initiated in most cases; stool cultures are reserved to severe or protracted diarrhoeas. Specimens must be collected under the best conditions and rapidly sent to the laboratory.
Adult↗
[Determination of antibiotype by a computer program. Epidemiological significance and antibiogram-identification correlates].
By means of a computer program disk diffusion diameter were analysed and an antibiotic susceptibility code (antibiotype) was determined for enterobacteriaceae. This code was a 6 figure-number. Each figure summarised susceptibility (susceptible or resistant) to 3 antibiotics. Thus a 18 serial antibiotics was necessary to calculate the 6 figure-code. At least following antibiotics were chosen for their characteristic behavior: amoxycillin, ticarcillin, amoxycillin + clavulanic acid, cephalothin, ticarcillin + clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin, nalidixic acid, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin and colistin. This code allowed three kind of utilisation: epidemiology by comparing biochemical and susceptibility patterns of same isolated species; laboratory control: a data base with main antibiotic susceptibility patterns for each species allowed a rapid compatibility control of biochemical identification with antibiogram. An inconsistent result lead to a checking of biochemical and susceptibility tests or to record a new code in a file to a further enrichment of the data base. Impression of a message depending of the code for a therapeutic purpose.
Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
[In vitro activity of fusidic acid in combination with various antibiotics against Staphylococcus epidermidis].
In vitro antibacterial activity of fusidic acid (FUC) in combination with cefotaxime (CTX), imipenem (IMP), gentamicin (GEN), amikacin (AKN), rifampin (RIF), fosfomycin (FOS), vancomycin, pefloxacin (PEF) was studied against 19 presumably pathogen meti-R Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. The study was carried out by means of a microtiter checkerboard method (FICs index, 19 strains) and killing-curves (3 strains). FUC x GEN, FUC x AKN and FUC x IMP combinations were found synergistic with achievable therapeutic concentrations for IMP (MIC in the combination less than 1 microgram/ml) but with higher concentrations for AKN and GEN (greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml). FUC x PEF combinations were regularly antagonistic. FUC x RIF, and FUC x FOS combinations showed a modal FIC greater than or equal to 4 but were found respectively additive and synergistic with killing-curve method. Remaining FUC combinations results were variable. FUC resistant mutant frequency, studied for 3 S. epidermidis strains, was similar as S. aureus one's (0.5.10(-7) a 2.5.10(-8)).
Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
[Urinary Corynebacterium group D2 infections. A hospital epidemic and antibiotic sensitivity].
An outbreak of Corynebacterium group D2 urinary tract infections was recently observed at Nice CHR. These infections were characterized by alkaline urine. The five first cases were reported in the same department and the ten other cases were latter observed in different departments. Age average was 79 and all patients had either an intra-vesical catheter of a urinary collector. Among samples of material tested, only one gave a positive culture. The 15 isolates showed a similar identification and antibiotic phenotype. These strains presented a multiple antibiotic resistance: resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides (except streptomycin), erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines. All strains were susceptible to rifampin, pristinamycin, fusidic acid and vancomycin.
Aged↗
[Infectious endocarditis, complication of mitral valve prolapse].
Among 77 patients with bacterial endocarditis on native valves explored by echocardiography, 12 (7 male, 5 female, mean age: 50 years) presented with mitral valve prolapse. This condition is relatively common, being found in 15.5% of patients with bacterial endocarditis and in 32% of those with mitral valve endocarditis. Two-dimensional TM echocardiography showed the mitral valve prolapse in every case and, in 11/12 cases, a vegetation associated with a varying degree of thickening of the valve due to myxoid degeneration. Although cardiac signs were sometimes minimal. Ten hemocultures were positive: 7 for streptococci, 2 for staphylococci and 1 for Hemophilus para-aphrophilus. Two patients died of cerebral haemorrhage, and there were 2 cases of hemiplegia, 4 cases of transient left ventricular failure and 2 cases of spleen embolism. These findings suggest that prophylactic treatment of bacterial endocarditis should be undertaken in patients with mitral valve prolapse and signs of myxoid degeneration at echocardiography.
Adult↗
[Endocarditis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:8. First case in Europe].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
[Antibiotic combinations and serum concentrations: a study using a computer program].
An original computer program developed to study antibiotic combinations is presented. In vitro combination effects were determined by broth microtiter checkerboard method. Inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for each antibiotic alone and in combination were registered on a microcomputer (Apple Lisa). The program (Pascal UCSD) allowed to determine FIC and FBC index and a therapeutical index (IFT) based on reduction of concentrations under mean serum levels for the two antibiotics. An IFT less than 1 correlated to a combination of antibiotics with achievable therapeutic levels. More the IFT was low more the combination was effective. This therapeutical index was calculated for various combinations of antibiotic concentrations.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[In vitro study of the effects of an imipenem-fosfomycin combination against clinical strains of Staphylococcus].
In vitro antibacterial activity of imipenem-fosfomycin (IMP-FOS) combinations were studied against 31 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus strains: methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA, 11 strains), methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA, 11 strains), methicillin resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE, 9 strains). The study was carried out by means of a microtiter checkerboard method (FICs and FBCs index) and killing-curves (3 strains). Imipenem antibacterial activity was good against MSSA (mean MICs of 0.12 micrograms/ml) but reduced against MRSA (16 micrograms/ml). Fosfomycin was regularly effective (CMI less than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml) against most strains. IMP-FOS combination was strongly synergistic (FIC less than 0.125) against MSSA and still synergistic with achievable therapeutic concentrations against heterogeneous MRSA and MRSE strains (mean FIC of 0.125, MIC in the combination of 1 microgram/ml). The bactericidal activity (FBCs and killing-curves) was limited against homogeneous MRSA and MRSE needing higher concentrations (8 micrograms/ml in the combination). In the 3 cases fosfomycin concentrations in combination remained low (1 to 2 micrograms/ml).
Drug Combinations↗
Meningitis due to Micrococcus luteus.
We are presenting a new case of meningitis due to the Micrococcus luteus species. This germ was isolated twice in eight days from the CSF of a 57-year old woman. The patient had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt implanted for hydrocephalus following a meningeal haemorrhage. Antibiotic therapy was efficient but the patient died of a recurrent haemorrhage.
Amoxicillin↗