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T Frost

Publications and source records attributed to T Frost.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The relation between mortality from malignant melanoma and early detection in the Cancer Research Campaign Mole Watcher Study.

Between 1987 and 1989 the Cancer Research Campaign funded a health education programme for the early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma in the general population in 6 health districts of England and 1 health board in Scotland (population of 3 million). The intervention was evaluated by studying its effects on annual and cumulative mortality rates for melanoma. Population-based data on mortality from melanoma were collected in the intervention areas, the health regions covering those areas, and 5 other health regions of England from 1981 to 1996. Deaths from melanoma in cases diagnosed after the start of the intervention were used to study cumulative mortality rates. The annual mortality rates for melanoma, 1981 to 1996, showed no significant difference in their trends between the intervention areas, and other areas of England and Wales. After adjustment for pre-intervention rates, there was also no significant reduction in cumulative mortality from melanoma in the intervention areas compared with the non-intervention areas: rate ratio 1.2 (95% Cl 0.9-1.7) in men, 0.9 (95% Cl 0.7-1.3) in females. The lack of a significant reduction in melanoma mortality associated with the intervention raises questions about this approach to early detection and emphasises the need for new strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Bond strength and clinical efficiency for two light guide sizes in orthodontic bracket bonding.

The purpose of this study was to establish a possible increase in efficiency in bracket bonding with light-cured adhesive by using a larger size on the light transmitting unit. Two light guides were compared, a standard-sized 11-mm light guide and a 19-mm elliptical extra broad light guide, the latter designed to allow simultaneously curing of two adjacent brackets. Fifty extracted human premolars mounted in five phantom maxillary arches were bonded according to a standard procedure with Mini Uni-Twin stainless steel brackets. The two light guides were randomly chosen for each half of the maxillary arch. After bonding, all teeth were tested for tensile bond strength to failure. In the clinical study 30 patients were bonded according to a split mouth technique with the two light guides alternatively used randomly for each side of the jaw. Time for bonding and the occurrence of bracket failures were recorded. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the standard and elliptical light guides regarding tensile bond strength, or bracket failure frequency. However, with the larger light guide size a significantly shorter total bonding time for each patient was required. It is therefore concluded that the elliptical light guide in combination with a light transmitting unit of sufficient quality gave a similar bonding result as the standard light guide, offering the clinician a reduction in chair side time during the bonding procedure.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1996

High response rates with short infusional 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in de novo and relapsed low-grade lymphoma. Australian and New Zealand Lymphoma Study Group.

Thirty-five patients (eight de novo, 27 relapsed disease) with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (diffuse small lymphocytic, follicular small cleaved cell, follicular mixed cell, and lymphoplasmacytoid) were treated with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2CdA) at a daily dose of 0.14 mg/kg for 5d (2 h infusion) for an average of three cycles. Minor treatment delays, generally due to haematological toxicities, occurred in nine of 105 cycles. Major toxicities were lymphopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Opportunistic infections occurred in seven patients. Overall response rate was 69% (five complete, 19 partial) reaching 88% for de novo patients (two complete, five partial). Elevated beta 2-microglobulin level was negatively predictive of response (P = 0.0014). Eight of 24 responders relapsed, with a median follow-up of 13 months. 2CdA administered as an intermittent infusion shows considerable single-agent activity in low-grade lymphomas achieving high response rates of prolonged duration. Consideration of schedules where 2CdA is alternatively administered with combination chemotherapy appears warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Problems with registration of cutaneous malignant melanoma in England.

The aim of the study was to assess the completeness and accuracy of cancer registration for cutaneous malignant melanoma. The study was conducted in seven health districts in England and one health board in Scotland from 1987 to 1989 with a total resident population of 3.6 million. Records from pigmented lesion clinics and pathology laboratories collected during the Cancer Research Campaign's health education programme to promote the early detection of melanoma were matched with cancer registrations from a total of five regional cancer registries. In England 74% out of a total of 642 cases of invasive malignant melanomas (ICD 172) and 44% out of a total of 155 in situ melanomas (ICD 232) had been registered compared with 96% and 100% respectively in Scotland. A significantly higher proportion of late-stage cases was found among registered than among non-registered cases in England (P < 0.001). In all registries the majority of superficial spreading in situ melanomas were miscoded as invasive cases. The annual incidence of invasive malignant melanoma in the English study areas was found to be seven per 100,000 in men and 11 per 100,000 in women, similar to that reported in Scotland. The registries are best at recording thick or late-stage melanomas. As the skin cancer target for Health of the Nation depends on monitoring trends in the incidence of malignant melanoma, future improved ascertainment of cases and changes in the type of cases being registered must be taken into account.

England↗
PubMed1995

Cancer Research Campaign health education programme to promote the early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma. I. Work-load and referral patterns.

From 1987 to 1989 a campaign to promote the early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma was conducted in the areas of seven health authorities in England and Scotland (total population 3.6 million). Data were collected on 17,155 patients attending pigmented lesion clinics (PLCs) in each study area during the campaign. After a dramatic rise in PLC referral rates in the first month of the campaign the average monthly referral rate among the target population in the study period settled to an average of 13 per 10(5), a twofold increase compared with the pre-campaign period. Over 85% of patients at all PLCs were seen within 4 weeks of referral from their general practitioners. The melanoma to non-melanoma detection ratio was (1:33). The organization of future early detection initiatives needs careful review and planning, in order to improve their effectiveness in all sections of the population, and to enable health services to cope with the increased work-load.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cancer Research Campaign health education programme to promote the early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma. II. Characteristics and incidence of melanoma.

The effect on the detection and characteristics of melanoma, resulting from the Cancer Research Campaign's health education programme to promote the early detection of melanoma in the general population, was studied from 1987 to 1989. The seven study areas in England and Scotland yield a target population of 3.6 million. Data were collected from local clinic-based registers, pathology laboratories, and the cancer registries. The average annual incidence rates of melanoma were seven and 12 per 10(5) in males and females, respectively, age-standardized to England and Wales, 1988. These rates are similar to the national figures for Scotland, where there is a national melanoma register, but higher than those reported by the English and Welsh cancer registries. The incidence was significantly higher in females than males (P < 0.001), and increased with age. Fifty-three per cent and 65% of cases in males and females, respectively, were thin (Breslow thickness < or = 1.5 mm), similar to the national figures from Scotland. No significant decrease in the incidence of late-stage tumours was found in either sex as a result of the campaign. Because of difficulties with ascertainment of cases in England, the main evaluation will focus on future trends in mortality rates for melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Helmets on climbers.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMed1992

All-trans retinoic acid in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia.

All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is known to induce differentiation of promyelocytes in vitro and also to induce remission of acute promyelocytic leukaemia in vivo. We treated 11 patients with poor prognosis acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) with ATRA and obtained seven complete and one partial remission. Remissions took one to three months to achieve and were associated with adverse effects including dry skin and bone pain. In eight patients the white cell count rose above 20 x 10(9)/L within the first ten days of retinoic acid treatment and this was associated with the development of pulmonary leukostasis in three patients which was fatal in one. Another two patients died of intracranial haemorrhage also within the first ten days. ATRA is a promising new agent in the induction therapy of this particular category of acute leukaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Umbilical cord sclerosis as an indicator of congenital syphilis.

In two cases of congenital syphilis examination of the umbilical cord showed a distinctive picture of perivascular sclerosis and inflammation. Large numbers of spirochaetes were shown in the sclerotic zone in both cases. No organisms were demonstrable in the placental disc and there were no morphological changes suggestive of syphilis. It is concluded that the finding of sclerosing funisitis, together with the clinical circumstances, should raise the possibility of congenital syphilis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The anaemic inpatient. A survey of current hospital practice.

The haemoglobin levels of all patients in a large teaching hospital (except those receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy) were examined over a three-week period. One hundred and eleven patients with haemoglobin levels below 100 g/L were found, and the approach to this problem by the clinicians was scrutinized. In most patients, there was a good and obvious explanation for the anaemia; in just under 50%, however, the causes were often mixed or less obvious. Frequently the anaemia was not investigated when, perhaps, it should have been and, when treated, it was often treated inappropriately. Excessive, inappropriate and indiscriminate use of oral iron therapy was a prominent finding.

Anemia↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of meptazinol in man following repeated intramuscular administration.

A study was performed in 6 healthy volunteers to determine whether 50 mg intramuscular doses of meptazinol repeated four hourly for 24 h would lead to accumulation of the drug. The first dose of meptazinol was rapidly absorbed with a subsequent mean (+/- SD) elimination half-life of 1.6 +/- 0.33 h. This value was unaffected by the administration of intermediate doses. There was no significant accumulation of the drug; 95% of the steady-state plasma concentration was achieved after a mean (+/- SD) of 1.9 +/- 0.39 and 99% after a mean (+/- SD) of 2.9 +/- 0.63 doses. These findings are consistent with the theoretical prediction for a rapidly absorbed drug with a plasma elimination half-life of 1.6 h. No clinically relevant changes were seen in pulse blood pressure, haematological or biochemical screens. Reported side effects were of a subjective and minor nature.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of oral indoramin.

A randomized crossover study was carried out in 7 healthy subjects to investigate the pharmacokinetics of indoramin from two oral formulations (film-coated and uncoated 50 mg tablets) and to determine the effect of a standard mean on the plasma concentration time curve of the film-coated form. The results indicated that peak plasma concentrations occurred in 1 to 4 hours after treatment with a single dose of 2 tablets, with an overall elimination half-life of 5 hours. No significant differences could be shown between treatments in any of the pharmacokinetic variables determined. However, administration of film-coated indoramin after a standard meal narrowed the range of peak concentrations but the time at which peak concentrations of the drug occurred did not appear to be related to whether or not indoramin was given after the meal.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Respiratory failure due to leukostasis in leukaemia.

A case is presented in which leukostasis, which followed splenectomy for chronic granulocytic leukaemia in metamorphosis, was associated with respiratory failure. The pathophysiology and predisposing factors are discussed.

Aged↗