PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T G Baumgartner

Publications and source records attributed to T G Baumgartner.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Plasma concentrations and metabolic effects of intravenous sodium dichloroacetate.

Eleven healthy subjects received five doses of intravenous sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) at 2-hr intervals. Determinations of DCA in plasma and of lactate and glucose in blood were made at various times until 24 hr after starting the first infusion. Twenty-four-hour urinary oxalate excretion was also measured. DCA levels rose and fell during and after each dose, with higher levels induced by higher doses. Lactate levels fell as the result of DCA treatment, with greater falls after higher doses, and returned to normal after 24 hr at the two lower dose levels but not at the level of 50 mg/kg. Lactate levels did not change parallel to changes in DCA levels. Only the doses of 50 mg/kg prevented postprandial rises in lactate levels. Blood glucose levels were not altered. The mean DCA t1/2 after the initial doses was 63.3 min (range 15.0 to 112.2 min), while that after the final doses was 374.0 min (range 37.8 to 1386.0 min). The AUC and the DCA-induced increase in urinary oxalate excretion were linearly related to dose. Mean DCA apparent volume of distribution was 0.30 l/kg (range 0.09 to 0.60 l/kg).

Acetates↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of lactic acidosis with dichloroacetate.

We administered dichloroacetate, which prevents or reverses hyperlactatemia in animals and lowers plasma lactate levels in human beings, to 13 patients with lactic acidosis of various causes. All had hypotension, and their acidemia had resisted treatment with sodium bicarbonate. The metabolic effects of dichloroacetate were evaluated in 11 patients. In seven dichloroacetate significantly reduced the level of arterial blood lactate (P less than 0.005) from the base-line value and raised the levels of arterial blood bicarbonate (P less than 0.02) and arterial pH (P less than 0.005). In six of these seven, the acidemia resolved completely with therapy. In 10 of the 13 patients systolic blood pressure increased by 10 to 40 mm Hg, and 4 patients had a 21 per cent increase in cardiac output (P less than 0.02). Despite improvement in their lactic acidemia, all patients but one died of their underlying disease. No serious drug-related toxicity occurred. We conclude that dichloroacetate is a safe and effective adjunct in the treatment of patients with lactic acidosis, although the ultimate prognosis may depend on the underlying disease.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1976

Potassium iodide and iododerma.

The development of iododerma in a 75-year-old male following administration of potassium iodide is described. Recovery from the allergic manifestation of iododerma occurred after discontinuation of potassium iodide. The adverse effects of potassium iodide and the general signs of acute and chronic iodine toxicity are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Total parenteral nutrition in mice bearing a metastatic carcinoma: tumor growth, metastasis and immunologic parameters.

The role of dietary manipulation of tumor growth, metastasis and immunologic parameters was studied in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. Fourteen days following subcutaneous tumor implant, groups with tumor and their non-tumor bearing counterparts were assigned to one of the following feeding protocols: total parenteral nutrition (TPN), per oral (PO) intake of the parenteral diet, an oral casein diet (CAS), or electrolyte infusion plus the casein diet (ELECT). Intakes of energy and nitrogen were similar among all groups. Mice were killed 12 days later and peritoneal macrophages were tested for phagocytic activity. Tumor growth and metastasis were decreased from both infusion regimens with minimal loss of body weight as compared with casein fed mice. PO mice also showed lower tumor weight but metastasis was as great as in the casein group. Non-tumor-bearing infused mice showed depressed thymic weight, but thymic weight was not further reduced in tumor-bearing infused mice. PO feeding afforded no such protection in the presence of the carcinoma. Splenomegaly was observed in tumor-bearing mice on all regimens, but mice maintained on the parenteral diet demonstrated the largest proportion of macrophages containing nuclear debris. Analysis of free macrophages indicated no effect of diet regimen on non-immune phagocytic activity in both tumor-free and tumor-bearing mice. Possible alteration of splenic macrophage intracellular digestive capacity or phagocytic activity was suggested as a result of TPN.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Total parenteral nutrition in the mouse: body composition and plasma chemistries.

Mice that were maintained in energy and nitrogen (N) balance by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 12 days were analyzed for changes in organ weight, carcass and liver N and fat, and plasma glucose, urea N, and total protein. The results are compared with two other groups: (1) PO, which consisted of mice that were given the TPN solution per os in amounts equivalent to the TPN group, and (2) AL, which consisted of mice allowed to consume a stock diet ad libitum. In comparison with group AL, the TPN-fed mice had normal liver, kidney, and lung weights but heavier spleens and hearts. Group PO had an increase in liver weight only. Hepatic lipid content declined in group TPN but increased markedly in PO-fed mice. The latter group also demonstrated a 35% increase in carcass fat whereas it was unchanged in the TPN group. No differences were found in plasma urea N and total protein among the groups but plasma glucose increased 2-fold in group PO. It appears that our technique of parenteral feeding in mice maintains fairly normal body composition and plasma chemistries. However, mice drinking the TPN solution (group PO) exhibited the greatest number of alterations. These results are discussed in relation to differences in route of feeding, diet composition, feeding pattern, and the possible influence of circadian rhythms. The dilemma of choosing appropriate control groups in TPN studies is also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cost containment using cysteine HCl acidification to increase calcium/phosphate solubility in hyperalimentation solutions.

The purpose of this study was to determine if (1) the calcium/phosphate insoluble product was inversely related to pH [when cysteine HC1 (CH) was added as neonatal supplementation at 0.5 mM/kg/day to hyperalimentation (HAL) solutions] and (2) the potential cost savings to the hospital. The pH of the HAL solutions was adjusted by adding various amounts of CH to the HAL solution. HAL solutions containing 27 mEq of calcium/liter and 30 mEq (15 mM) of phosphate/liter were compounded. Ten-milliliter aliquots were analyzed at 0, 12, 24, and 48 hr. All samples (n = 56) were filtered (0.22 mu), viewed with 7-10,000 X magnification scanning electron microscopy, and qualitatively analyzed with a Philips Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis System equipped with a SW9100 Microprocessor. Calcium/phosphate insoluble product was present in the 0-, 12-, 24-, and 48-hr samples from the CH-free solutions. The solutions containing 759 mg (4.17 mM)/liter of CH however, remained free of precipitant. This investigation demonstrated that addition of CH to HAL can foster significant cost containment (projected $82,000/yr tangible hospital savings) by the elimination of current calcium/phosphate separation procedures for neonates on parenteral nutrition.

Calcium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutritional support by intraperitoneal dialysis in the rat: maintenance of body weight with normal liver and plasma chemistries.

A rat model was developed to study intraperitoneal (ip) dialysis as a means of total nutritional support. Rats (200 g) were implanted ip with a catheter device and connected to a rodent infusion assembly. An automated system exchanged 10-ml volumes of a 37 degrees C solution containing 10% dextrose, 2% amino acid solution plus micronutrients. Rats were adapted over 3 days to a schedule of 16 1-hr cycles/day, and continued on this regimen for another 4 days. Rats subjected to this program maintained similar body weight, nitrogen balance, plasma chemistries, and liver tests in comparison to control animals fed per os in isocaloric and isonitrogenous amounts. Efficiency of peritoneal absorption for both glucose and amino acid was 95%. Histological examination of intraabdominal organs revealed only mild inflammation. This model is applicable to studies involving nutritional support via the peritoneal cavity, a technique which may be of value in patients with sensitive fluid balances (cardiac, renal, or pulmonary failure).

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preparation and stability of intravenous solutions of sodium dichloroacetate (DCA).

An IV injection formulation of sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) was prepared without heat sterilization, and examined for stability. DCA is heat labile in aqueous solutions. Its decomposition involves dehalogenation and production of hydrogen ions. Decomposition occurs relatively rapidly at relatively low pH values, and is promoted by heating. Injection solutions should be prepared aseptically and sterilized by filtration. Solutions prepared aseptically and sterilized by filtration are stable stored at 4 degrees C for at least four yrs.

Dichloroacetic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What the practicing nurse should know about thiamine.

Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential nutritional component that acts as a coenzyme in the oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids. It also serves as the connection between the glycolytic cycle and the high energy-producing Krebs (or citric acid) cycle. Unlike other B vitamins, it activates the guanylate cyclase/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) system but not the adenylate cyclase system. The active coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is an antiberiberi substance. Thiamine itself is a pharmacologic antagonist of acetylcholine, which may explain the nerve lesions caused by thiamine deficiency. Liver, pork, yeast, and rice-polishings are rich in thiamine; however, several antithiamine factors are also found in common foods. For example, a thermal labile factor in the viscera of fresh water fish and tea leaves antagonizes thiamine.

Fluid Therapy↗