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Biomedical subjects

T G Day

Publications and source records attributed to T G Day.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Retrospective analysis of patients with primary fallopian tube carcinoma treated at the University of Louisville.

Medical records of patients diagnosed with primary fallopian tube carcinoma between 1979 and 1989 were reviewed. Twenty-six patients were eligible; 8 patients were excluded after pathologic review, leaving 18 patients included in the study for this analysis. The median and mean age were 61 and 59 years, respectively, with a range of 39-80 years. There were three Stage I, five Stage II, seven Stage III, and three Stage IV patients. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal/pelvic pain, abdominal distension, and vaginal discharge/bleeding. The primary site of the lesion was determined to be the right tube in 44% of the cases, the left tube in 39% of the patients, bilateral lesions in 11% of the patients, and indeterminate in 6%. Histologic grade was poorly differentiated (Grade III) in 13 patients, moderately differentiated (Grade II) in 4 patients, and well differentiated (Grade I) in one. No patient was correctly diagnosed preoperatively. Survival at 5 years of the entire group was 35% with a 3 year minimum followup. Corresponding disease free survival was 30%. Mean and median survival times were 74 and 37 months, respectively. The range of survival times was from 1 to 120 months. All Stage I patients, 80% (4/5) of Stage II, and 29% (2/7) of Stage III patients are alive without disease. None (0/3) of the Stage IV patients are alive. Treatment regimens consisted of intraperitoneal P-32, external beam radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. Radiotherapy was associated with a low incidence of treatment-related complications, the majority being gastrointestinal related. There was one chemotherapy-related death. These patients and their treatment outcomes add to the data base of numerous previous reports on fallopian tube carcinoma. Stage I and II patients fared excellently with primary surgical and adjuvant therapy. While the prognosis of Stage III and IV patients is much worse, significant levels of long term survival can be achieved with aggressive treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Presence and characteristics of receptors for [D-Trp6]luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and epidermal growth factor in human ovarian cancer.

This study was undertaken to establish the presence and characteristics of receptors for [D-Trp6]LH-RH on the membranes of human ovarian cancer. Specific binding of [125I, D-Trp6]LH-RH was found in 29 of 37 (78.4%) ovarian cancers and in 6 of 11 (54.5%) non-malignant human ovaries. Ligand binding was dependent on time and plasma membrane concentration in a fashion expected of a peptide hormone. Saturation, kinetic and displacement data were consistent with the presence of a highly specific, single class of non-cooperative binding site. On the basis of receptors affinity, LH-RH-receptor-positive ovarian cancers could be divided into two groups: high affinity group (Kd=2.71 +/- 0.60 nM; Bmax=0.46 +/- 0.07 pmol/mg membrane protein) comprising 55% of tumors, and low affinity group (Kd=78.0 +/- 19.6 nM; Bmax=9.44 +/- 2.68 pmol/mg membrane protein) which included 45% of tumors. LH-RH antagonist Cetrorelix showed an affinity to LH-RH receptors on ovarian cancers 14 times higher than the agonist [D-Trp6]LH-RH. Using 125I-epidermal growth factor, specific high affinity receptors were also detected in membranes from 13 of 24 (54%) ovarian cancers and 5 of 11 (45%) non-malignant ovaries. The demonstration of LH-RH receptors in human ovarian cancers provides a rationale for the use of therapeutic approaches based on LH-RH analogues in this malignancy. The probable involvement of growth factors in the development of ovarian cancers suggests the merit of trying a combined therapy based on analogs of LH-RH and somatostatin for this carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

CA-125 levels after surgical exploration and radioactive chromic phosphate in ovarian cancer patients.

Trends in CA-125 levels after completion of therapy in ovarian cancer patients who received intraperitoneal radioactive chromic phosphate therapy (32P) after primary surgical resection or second-look surgery were evaluated. Ninety patients who underwent surgical exploration and 32P were reviewed. Twenty-nine patients were excluded due to insufficient number of CA-125 levels or recurrence within 12 months, with 61 patients with serial CA-125 levels and no evidence of disease for 12 months available for analysis. 32P followed initial resection in 24 patients (16 Stage I, 3 Stage II, 5 Stage III). 32P followed chemotherapy and second-look procedures in 37 patients (4 Stage I, 3 Stage II, 27 Stage III, 3 Stage IV). Elevated CA-125 levels were present in 25 (41%) patients within 12 months of 32P (46% after primary exploration, 38% after second-look). The degree of CA-125 elevation (U/ml) was 30-100 (23%), 100-200 (11%), and >200 (7%). Of the 25 patients with an elevated CA-125, the elevation persisted more than 4 months in 11 (44%). All but two patients had normal CA-125 levels by 12 months. An abnormal elevation in CA-125 was seen in 33% of patients 4 months after receiving 32P and abdominal surgery, with values ranging as high as 500 U/ml. Although elevations in CA-125 are reported following surgery alone, the duration of elevation appears to be longer with 32P. Therefore, persistent elevations of CA-125 following 32P between 4 and 12 months should be judged with caution as they may not reflect recurrent disease.

CA-125 Antigen↗
PubMed1994

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen: clinical utility in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

This study further defines the clinical utility of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) in initial squamous carcinoma of the cervix, response to treatment, and in the detection of recurrence. Serum specimens were drawn and analyzed from patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Charts were reviewed on 272 patients with 1053 samples evaluated. Treatment of patients prior to the availability of the assay and patients lost to follow-up resulted in lower total numbers of initial and recurrent values. Data were analyzed to detect trends during and after treatment. All values at or above the lowest detectable level of antigen were included; that is, 1.5 ng/ml and above. A SCC-Ag value > or = 2.0 ng/ml drawn at any time during the disease process has a 96.3% positive predictive value, while a value < 2.0 ng/ml is 97.2% specific for absence of disease. Fifty-three percent of 103 patients had elevated SCC-Ag levels prior to treatment, with the proportion increasing accordingly with advancing stage at diagnosis. In 70 patients with recurrence, 81% had elevated values. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen predicted recurrence an average of 6.9 months prior to detection of clinically evident disease. Patients with initially negative SCC-Ag levels may demonstrate elevated values with tumor recurrence. This marker accurately reflects the response to treatment in patients who have elevated levels prior to treatment. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen is a useful tumor marker in the management of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1994

Lack of self-regulation of human chorionic gonadotropin biosynthesis in human choriocarcinoma cells.

Human gestational trophoblastic neoplasms overexpress hCG/LH receptors. Whether this overexpression is a reflection of a loss of self-regulation of hCG biosynthesis was investigated using JAR human choriocarcinoma cells. The results show that exogenous hCG did not affect steady state hCG alpha and hCG beta mRNA or dimer hCG protein levels in JAR cells. The JAR cells, however, responded to 8-bromo-cAMP with an increase in hCG alpha mRNA levels, suggesting that cAMP-mediated regulation of the hCG subunit genes was intact in the cells. Disruption of receptor function by a receptor antibody, which resulted in an increase in hCG alpha mRNA levels and hCG secretion in normal trophoblasts, had no effect on JAR cells. Unlike normal trophoblasts, which contain a predominant receptor transcript of 1.8 kilobases (kb), with minor higher molecular size (7.5 and 5.4 kb) transcripts occasionally seen, JAR cells contain a higher abundance of multiple transcripts (7.5, 5.4, 3.5, and 1.8 kb), with the predominant transcript being 5.4 kb. In addition, although normal trophoblasts contain an 80-kilodalton receptor protein, JAR cells contain only a 50-kilodalton hCG/LH receptor isoform. In contrast to the effects of exogenous hCG on normal placental tissue in vitro, it was unable to down-regulate receptor transcripts or receptor protein in JAR cells. In summary, JAR cells lack the ability to self-regulate hCG biosynthesis. This loss could explain how hCG can reach very high levels in gestational trophoblastic disease compared to those in normal pregnancy.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Increased expression of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptor gene in human endometrial carcinomas.

Normal human endometrium expresses LH/hCG receptor gene. In the present study, we investigated whether human endometrial carcinomas also express this receptor gene. Reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction amplified LH/hCG receptor sequences from human endometrial carcinoma just as it did those from normal human endometrium and human ovary as a positive control tissue. Northern blotting demonstrated that endometrial carcinomas contain a greater abundance of multiple LH/hCG receptor transcripts, which increased with increasing tumor grade. Western immunoblotting revealed that all grades of endometrial carcinomas contain multiple immunoreactive receptor proteins in greater abundance than normal endometrium. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry demonstrated not only the presence, but also higher LH/hCG receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and receptor protein levels in glands of endometrial carcinoma compared to glands in normal endometrium. Ligand blotting demonstrated that the 35-kilodalton protein receptor could bind [125I]hCG and that this binding was inhibited by excess unlabeled hCG. The binding was higher in endometrial carcinoma than in normal endometrium. Atrophic and endocervical glands from endometrial carcinoma samples contained very few or no receptors. In summary, our results demonstrate that human endometrial carcinomas not only contain but also appear to overexpress LH/hCG receptors compared to normal endometrium. This novel finding introduces previously unsuspected possibilities concerning the role of LH and its receptors in human endometrial carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The expression of human chorionic gonadotropin/human luteinizing hormone receptors in human gestational trophoblastic neoplasms.

Normal human placental trophoblasts have recently been shown to contain receptors for hCG/hLH. The present studies investigated the expression of these receptors in hyperplastic and anaplastic trophoblasts in gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. The results demonstrated that both hydatidiform moles and choriocarcinomas contained receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) and receptor protein. A variety of nontrophoblast tumors, on the other hand, contained neither receptor mRNA nor receptor protein. Choriocarcinomas contained more receptor mRNA and receptor protein than hydatidiform moles which in turn contained more than normal human placenta. Midluteal phase human corpus luteum contained more receptor mRNA than normal human placenta and about the same as choriocarcinomas. The hyperplastic and anaplastic trophoblasts in hydatidiform moles and choriocarcinomas contained more receptor immunostaining than the normal trophoblasts in the same tissue or those from normal placentas from about the same gestational age. The receptor immunostaining increased as the degree of trophoblast hyperplasia increased in hydatidiform moles. Anaplastic trophoblasts of choriocarcinomas contained a similar amount of receptor immunostaining as severely hyperplastic trophoblasts of hydatidiform moles. Invading anaplastic trophoblasts of choriocarcinoma contained greater amount of receptor immunostaining than the surrounding endometrial stromal and myometrial smooth muscle cells. In summary, this is the first study to our knowledge demonstrating the expression of hCG/hLH receptor gene in gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. The increased receptor expression in these neoplasms suggests that hCG, via its receptors, could play a fundamental and previously unsuspected autocrine role in the regulation of trophoblast transformation, growth, invasion, and high hCG secretion.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Incidence of complications with mini vaginal culpostats in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Between 1980 and 1987, 298 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated at the University of Louisville Department of Radiation Oncology. Of these, 197 (66.1%) were treated for cure by radiotherapy alone: 36 by external beam alone and 161 by external beam and tandem and ovoid applications. The F.I.G.O. staging of the 161 patients was 82 (50.1%) Stage IB, 9 (5.6%) Stage IIA, 40 (24.9%) Stage IIB, and 30 (18.6%) Stage III. The usual treatment was whole pelvis irradiation followed by two intracavitary applications using the Fletcher Suit Applicators of tandem and ovoids in 79/161 patients (49%), a 3-M Mini Applicator (Fletcher Suit Delcos Applicator) in 52/161 patients (32.3%), and a 3-M Mini Applicator with Caps in 30/161 patients (18.6%). The incidence of grade 3-4 gastrointestinal or genitourinary complications as defined by the RTOG was 19.3% (31/161). Various treatment parameters were analyzed to define possible contributing factors. Grade 3-4 complications were seen in 7.6% (6/79) of patients treated with the standard ovoid Fletcher system, 26.9% (14/52) treated with the mini-ovoid system, and 36.6% (11/30) treated with the mini-ovoid system with caps (p = .0006). Although trends were noted, neither the vaginal surface dose (VSD) from the ovoids nor the addition of the external beam dose to the VSD (total vaginal surface dose = TVSD) were significant independent variables (p = 0.19 and = 0.133, respectively). The TVSD was significant when comparisons were made between different ovoid systems (p = 0.05 for less than 12,000 cGy and p = 0.004 for greater than 12,000 cGy). In this study, the 3-M mini applicator was associated with a significant increase in grade 3-4 complications as compared to the Standard Fletcher Suit Applicator.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Distally based rectus abdominis flap for reconstruction in radical gynecologic procedures.

The distally based rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap is an important adjunct to radical pelvic surgery. It can be used to fashion a functional neovagina or to create a patch to cover perineal defects created by exenterative surgery. This report reviews the technical aspects of the creation of this flap and our experience with 22 patients who have undergone this procedure. The flap has been found to be technically easy to create. It is reliable with little tissue loss, and donor site complications are acceptable. Healing is aided by filling the pelvic dead space, thereby decreasing bowel complications, and by bringing a new blood supply into the operative site which has often been heavily irradiated. Operative time is minimized since the procedure requires only unilateral mobilization. Subsequent abdominal surgery has been performed without fascial complications.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1990

Refinements in vaginal reconstruction using rectus abdominis flaps.

An improved method for vaginal reconstruction after pelvic exenteration or abdominal perineal resection is provided by the distally based rectus abdominis flap. This extended flap carries a skin paddle from the upper abdomen on the rectus abdominis muscle and deep inferior epigastric vascular pedicle. The skin paddle is inversely tubed to form a vaginal pouch and delivered transpelvically to the perineum. In addition to providing a vaginal reconstruction for sexual function, this reconstruction lessens pelvic wound complications in the exenteration patient by filling endopelvic dead space and revascularizing these frequently irradiated wounds. This method provides a neovagina with a single flap and does not involve additional donor sites in the thighs. Transpelvic passage from above not only fills endopelvic dead space better than thigh flaps, but also it allows retention of a vaginal cuff in supralevator resections. Another significant advantage of this reconstruction is its great reliability with minimal incidence of paddle loss. This flap design illustrates a type of flap refinement in which specific flaps can carry tissue from adjacent vascular territories because of anastomotic vessels between the two vascular territories, such as the vascular watershed between the deep inferior epigastric and superior epigastric vessels in this case.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Adjuvant chemotherapy in a pregnant patient with endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary.

The development of germ cell carcinoma of the ovary during pregnancy is a rare occurrence. Recent advances in chemotherapy have improved significantly the prognosis for patients with early stage disease. Use of cytotoxic agents in pregnancy traditionally has been avoided because of possible teratogenic effects. We describe a pregnant patient who was found to have endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary, stage I, at 13 weeks gestation. She received five courses of adjuvant VAC chemotherapy, beginning with her 17th week of gestation, prior to delivery of a normal infant at term. After an additional seven courses of chemotherapy, a second-look laparotomy revealed no evidence of disease. The infant is developmentally normal at 1 year. A comprehensive review of the literature describing use of chemotherapeutic agents in pregnancy is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Drainage in gynecologic surgery.

Our predecessors' almost universal use of drains is gradually being replaced by a more scientific approach--selective use of more appropriate types of drains. Each application of drains must be evaluated in the context of other improvements in wound care and construction. Randomized, well-controlled studies are essential. Radical surgery is the strongest indication for the use of drains. There are few strong indications in benign gynecologic surgery.

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

Vaginal and pelvic reconstruction with distally based rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps.

This report introduces a new method of vaginal reconstruction using a single rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap based distally. Applications of this flap in reconstruction of major abdominal wall and pelvic defects, such as hemipelvectomies, are also described. The flap is designed to carry a paddle of upper abdominal skin on a distally based muscle and vascular pedicle. Advantages of this flap design are (1) the technique is straightforward and rapid, (2) flap viability is reliable, (3) the epigastric skin-fascial donor defect preserves the anterior rectus fascia distal to the linea semicircularis, which prevents hernia, (4) a large arc of rotation is provided, and (5) the epigastric donor site does not interfere with colostomy and urinary conduit stomas in the pelvic exenteration patient. We have done 11 vaginal reconstructions and 9 major pelvic defect reconstructions with this flap during the last 3 1/2 years. In these 20 patients, the only complications were two partial flap losses. No major flap losses or ventral hernias occurred.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1987

Predictive value of CA-125 levels in advanced ovarian cancer.

Thirty-eight patients with advanced ovarian cancer were monitored with serial serum CA-125 levels until second-look laparotomy or disease progression. Eleven of 15 patients had normal CA-125 levels but positive findings at second-look operation; two had normal levels despite progression of disease. Normal levels do not reliably predict absence of disease.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1985

Hexamethylmelamine, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (HMF) for progressive ovarian carcinoma during therapy with cis-platinum, cyclophosphamide +/- doxorubicin.

Hexamethylmelamine, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (HMF) is a second-line chemotherapy for patients with ovarian carcinoma refractory to platinum-based regimens. Two of 15 patients with tumor progression treated with HMF alone had objective complete responses while one had a 12-month disease-free interval (DFI). Among 8 patients treated with HMF and either intraperitoneal chromic phosphate and/or alternating platinum-based chemotherapy following second-look surgery which documented persistent carcinoma, 3 have experienced disease-free intervals of 19, 27, and 42 months. However, no one has been cured or had a long-term remission after HMF therapy alone.

Adult↗