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Biomedical subjects

T Gjørup

Publications and source records attributed to T Gjørup.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Serum selenium and zinc concentrations in morbid obesity. Comparison of controls and patients with jejunoileal bypass.

The concentrations of serum selenium and zinc (both in micromoles per litre) were determined in 18 patients 5-12 years after jejunoileal bypass and in 13 controls with untreated morbid obesity. Selenium concentrations were significantly lower in the operated patients than among controls, whereas there was no significant difference with regard to zinc. Ninety-five per cent confidence limits for the median difference between pre- and post-operative concentrations were 0.03-0.41 with regard to selenium and -0.3 to 2.7 with regard to zinc. Even though little is known about the clinical consequences of chronic selenium deficiency, substitution might prove beneficial.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Diuresis renography in patients with reduced renal function.

Diuresis renography was performed twice at an interval of one week in 13 uraemic patients without hydronephrosis. In five of the patients, the 51Cr-EDTA clearance was below 10 ml/min x 1.73 m2 for the individual kidney, in eight of the patients between 10 and 25. During the renographies, respectively, 0.5 and 7.5 mg/kg of frusemide was given I.V. at 20 min. Compared with the data from eight normal control patients, the effect of frusemide on the renography curve was very poor and varied much in both groups. Our results suggest that diuresis renography gives no conclusive information about the upper urinary tract in kidneys with a 51Cr-EDTA clearance below 25 ml/min x 1.73 m2, even when the dose of frusemide is increased to 7.5 mg/kg.

Diuresis↗
PubMed1988

Central and peripheral haemodynamic changes after alcohol ingestion.

Central and peripheral haemodynamic changes 1 and 8 hours after alcohol ingestion were studied in seven healthy men, aged 21-30 years, by radionuclide cardiography and strain gauge plethysmography. Heart rate (HR) increased by 12% and cardiac output (CO) by 24% 1 hour after alcohol ingestion (mean serum ethanol 35 mmol/l). Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) decreased by 5% because of endsystolic dilation and the forearm blood flow increased by 140%. Eight hours after alcohol ingestion (serum ethanol 21 mmol/l.) hangover symptoms were present in all subjects. HR and CO remained increased by 19% and 23%, respectively. A 4% increase was recorded in LVEF. The total peripheral resistance was reduced by 25%, while the forearm blood flow had returned to baseline values. No significant changes in plasma catecholamines were recorded. Apart from a slight increase in CO at 1 hour no haemodynamic changes were recorded after ingestion of an isovolumic, isocaloric drink. The present findings suggest that acute alcohol intoxication causes impairment of LV contractility, but that tachycardia results in an increase in cardiac output accompanied by an increased blood flow in the forearm. In the early hangover phase, when the serum ethanol is still elevated, cardiac output remains enhanced because of tachycardia, although the sympathetic nervous activity as measured by the plasma norepinephrine level is not influenced. A reduced total peripheral resistance may contribute to the increase in LV contractility in spite of sustained alcohol intoxication.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Left ventricular function during alcohol intoxication and autonomic nervous blockade.

Eight healthy young subjects (6 men, 2 women) entered a controlled investigation of left ventricular (LV) function during alcohol intoxication and autonomic nervous blockade. Radionuclide cardiography was performed at rest and during upright 50% submaximal bicycle exercise. During alcohol intoxication alone (serum ethanol 30 mmol/liter), heart rate at rest increased by 11% (p less than 0.05) and LV ejection fraction (EF) decreased by 6% because of end-systolic dilation. No significant alcohol-induced hemodynamic changes were observed during exercise. Plasma norepinephrine concentration increased by 29% (p less than 0.05), whereas plasma epinephrine concentration did not change. During subsequent autonomic nervous blockade with intravenous metoprolol and atropine infusion, heart rate at rest further increased and systolic blood pressure decreased. These changes were not, however, significantly different from those of a control experiment in which a nonalcoholic isocaloric drink was substituted for alcohol. Plasma norepinephrine levels at rest and during exercise were 25% and 32% higher (both p less than 0.05), respectively, than those during control conditions. Plasma epinephrine concentrations did not change. These findings suggest that alcohol intoxication has a depressant effect on LV function at rest that stimulates autonomic nervous blockade. The increased sympathetic nervous activity during exercise appears to be a toxic rather than a compensatory effect of alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Is growing old a disease? A study of the attitudes of elderly people to physical symptoms.

In a survey of people living at home, aged 77 years and over, a total of 126 women and 77 men were interviewed concerning their attitudes to their physical symptoms. For each organ system the subjects indicated whether their symptoms were considered to be a normal condition for elderly people or a manifestation of a disease. To a large extent symptoms were accepted as a normal condition, however, a highly significant difference in their attitudes to symptoms stemming from different systems was found (p less than 0.001). Generally, compared with severe symptoms, mild symptoms were accepted more readily as a normal condition in old age. Although most of the elderly people had seen a doctor because of their symptoms, a highly significant difference was found in consultation rates among elderly persons with symptoms from different organ systems (p less than 0.001). The attitudes to symptoms influenced the tendency of the subjects to consult a doctor (p less than 0.05). The need for education of elderly people and health professionals is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Effects of autonomic blockade on cardiac function at rest and during upright exercise in humans.

The cardiac function was studied by radionuclide cardiography in eight healthy subjects at rest and during submaximal upright exercise before and after autonomic blockade with metoprolol and atropine. At rest the median stroke volume was reduced by 21% during autonomic blockade (P less than 0.01), but cardiac output was maintained by a concomitant increase in heart rate. The systolic blood pressure was reduced from 120 to 105 mmHg (P less than 0.01), and left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced from 61 to 56% (P less than 0.05). After autonomic blockade the heart rate reached during exercise was the same. Stroke volume and cardiac output were maintained through cardiac dilation. The increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume was 31 vs. 10% during control conditions (P less than 0.01). The systolic blood pressure was reduced from 174 to 135 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced from 75 to 67% (P less than 0.05), but the increase from rest to exercise was preserved. Total peripheral resistance was reduced by 17% (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that the heart possesses intrinsic mechanisms to maintain cardiac output during submaximal upright exercise. End-diastolic dilation results in a preserved stroke volume despite a reduced contractility.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Interobserver variation of angioscintigraphy for deep vein thrombosis.

Angioscintigrams of the deep veins in the legs were obtained in a consecutive series of 119 patients, suspected of deep vein thrombosis. Two nuclear medicine specialists independently read the angioscintigrams for presence of focal-filling defects, increased tissue activity, or collaterals and gave a final diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. The overall agreement for the four findings were 0.83, 0.74, 0.75, and 0.84, respectively. After adjusting the overall agreement for expected chance agreement, kappa values of 0.56, 0.47, 0.21, and 0.64 were obtained. The interobserver variation of the angioscintigraphic diagnosis for deep vein thrombosis is comparable to that of the radiographic phlebography. As the angioscintigraphic technique is almost without any risk and inconvenience to the patient, it constitutes a relevant diagnostic alternative in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prospective, randomised, double-blind study of radionuclide determination of left-ventricular ejection fraction in acute myocardial infarction.

In a controlled, randomised, double-blind study to see whether knowledge of left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) could reduce the frequency of left-sided heart failure after acute myocardial infarction, LVEF was determined a few days before hospital discharge in a consecutive series of 60 patients. Subsequently, the patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The cardiologist responsible for their treatment was aware of the LVEF result in group I but not in group II. A month after hospital discharge there was no significant difference in the LVEF between the groups. 2 months after discharge there were no significant differences between the groups in clinical and radiological signs of left-ventricular heart failure or the use of drugs. The cardiologist's clinical estimate of the LVEF and the result of the radionuclide determination were significantly correlated. Thus, the use of LVEF did not change the clinical outcome. The need for randomised controlled studies in the evaluation of diagnostic methods is emphasised.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Controlled double blind trial of nisoldipine in the treatment of idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon.

In a controlled double blind trial the symptomatic effect of the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine was assessed in 19 patients with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon. Nisoldipine significantly reduced the frequency of attacks (p less than 0.05), whilst having a non-significant tendency (p less than 0.10) to reduce the severity of attacks. Side-effects were uncommon. It is concluded that nisoldipine is a promising agent for the symptomatic treatment of idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Gastric emptying rate and small bowel transit time in patients with irritable bowel syndrome determined with 99mTc-labeled pellets and scintigraphy.

A new method employing 99mTc-labeled pellets for determination of the gastric emptying rate and small bowel transit time is described. The participants were six normal subjects and 16 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (eight with diarrhea and eight with obstipation as the primary complaint). The gastric emptying rate was the same in the three groups. The patients in the obstipation group had a significantly longer small bowel transit time than the normals (P less than 0.02) and the patients in the diarrhea group (P less than 0.01). There was no demonstrable difference between the small bowel transit time in the normals and in the patients in the diarrhea group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Controlled double-blind trial of the clinical effect of nifedipine in the treatment of idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon.

Twenty-six patients with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon participated in a double-blind, crossover clinical trial comparing the clinical effect of nifedipine with that of placebo. Four patients discontinued the study because of side effects and one patient defaulted at the return visit. Nifedipine significantly reduced frequency and severity of attacks (p less than 0.01). In an overall evaluation of drug effectiveness, 19 of 21 patients preferred nifedipine to placebo (p less than 0.01). Nifedipine proved to be effective in the treatment of idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon, but side effects should be expected in some 30%.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Interobserver variation in the detection of metastases on liver scans.

Two specialists in nuclear medicine and two trainees independently read 106 liver scans for abnormalities suggestive of metastases. The four observers made a positive diagnosis with a significantly different frequency. The overall agreement between pairs of observers was 0.83-0.87. After adjusting for the expected chance agreement, kappa-values between 0.66 and 0.74 were obtained. No difference was found in the level of agreement between the two specialists or between the two trainees. After a consensus conference where the observers tried to unify their diagnostic interpretation, another 106 scans were read for abnormalities suggestive of metastases. The conference did not increase the level of agreement. Scintigraphic lesions that especially imply a risk of disagreement are pointed out.

Colloids↗
PubMed1986

Cardiac function and plasma catecholamines during upright exercise in healthy young subjects.

Radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular volume changes and plasma catecholamines were recorded in six healthy untrained male subjects at rest and during upright exercise at increasing work loads. During mild submaximal exercise mean left ventricular ejection fraction increased 10% because of end-diastolic dilation, while a further 4% increase of left ventricular ejection fraction was recorded at heavy submaximal exercise mainly due to increased end-systolic contraction. Great individual changes were recorded during maximal exercise. Alterations in plasma catecholamines were most pronounced at the high exercise levels indicating that changes in cardiac contractility are not linearly correlated with changes in sympathetic nervous activity. Repeat studies showed only minor variations of mean left ventricular ejection fraction and plasma catecholamines indicating an acceptable reproducibility of the measurements. Variations of both left ventricular ejection fraction and catecholamines were smaller during exercise than at rest.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A critical evaluation of the clinical diagnosis of anemia.

Three physicians independently assessed whether 180 medical or surgical inpatients were anemic. The assessments were based on inspection of skin, nail beds, and conjunctivae. The observers made a positive diagnosis with significantly different frequency. Overall agreements between pairs of observers were 0.76-0.87. Agreement on negative diagnoses was higher than agreement on positive diagnoses. The overall agreements were adjusted for chance agreement, and kappa values which ranged from 0.23-0.47 were obtained. The overall accuracy of the clinical diagnoses was determined with the blood hemoglobin concentration as the "true" standard. For the three observers, the overall accuracy ranged from 0.78-0.79, the predictive value of a positive diagnosis ranged from 0.51-0.61, the predictive value of a negative diagnosis ranged from 0.81-0.84, the sensitivity ranged from 0.27-0.44, and the specificity ranged from 0.88-0.95. For each observer, the probability of detecting anemia was estimated as a function of the blood hemoglobin concentration. Compared with the "true" diagnosis, the observers were reluctant to call a patient anemic, and even in patients with the lowest blood hemoglobin concentrations, the expected probability of detecting anemia did not exceed 0.75.

Adolescent↗