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Biomedical subjects

T Glynn

Publications and source records attributed to T Glynn.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Sciatic nerve palsy secondary to postoperative haematoma in primary total hip replacement.

Sciatic nerve palsy is a recognised complication of primary total hip replacement. In our unit this complication was rare with an incidence of < 0.2% in the past ten years. We describe six cases of sciatic nerve palsy occurring in 355 consecutive primary total hip replacements (incidence 1.69%). Each of these palsies was caused by post-operative haematoma in the region of the sciatic nerve. Cases, which were recognised early and surgically-evacuated promptly, showed earlier and more complete recovery. Those patients for whom the diagnosis was delayed, and who were therefore managed expectantly, showed little or no recovery. Unexpected pain and significant swelling in the buttock, as well as signs of sciatic nerve irritation, suggest the presence of haematoma in the region of the sciatic nerve. It is, therefore, of prime importance to be vigilant for the features of a sciatic nerve palsy in the early post-operative period as, when recognised and treated early, the injury to the sciatic nerve may be reversed.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
PubMed2004

Cell interactions with laser-modified polymer surfaces.

The performance of a polymeric biomaterial depends on the bulk and surface properties. Often, however, the suitability of the surface properties is compromised in favour of the bulk properties. Altering the surface properties of these materials will have a profound effect on how cells and proteins interact with them. Here, we have used an excimer laser to modify the surface wettability of nylon 12. The surface treatment is rapid, cost-effective and can cause reproducible changes in the surface structure of the polymers. Polymers were treated with short wavelength ( < 200 nm) UV light. These wavelengths have sufficient photon energy (6.4eV) to cause bond scission at the material surface. This results in a surface reorganisation with incorporation of oxygen. Surface wettability changes were confirmed using contact angle measurements. Cell interactions with the surfaces were examined using 3T3 fibroblast and HUVEC cells. Cells morphology was examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Cell activity and cell number on the treated nylon were assessed using biochemical assays for up to seven days. Both fibroblasts and endothelial cells initially proliferated better on treated compared with untreated samples. However, over seven days activity decreased for both cell types on the control samples and endothelial cell activity and cell number also decreased on the treated polymer.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1997

The American Stop Smoking Intervention Study for cancer prevention: an overview.

The American Stop Smoking Intervention Study (ASSIST) is a programme to implement proven interventions in 17 states across the United States. ASSIST applies all that we have learned in 10 years of research on tobacco use prevention and control. The goal of this seven-year project is to reduce the prevalence of smoking and cigarette consumption in the ASSIST states. The scientific basis for ASSIST is described, followed by a general description of the project and its current status in the 17 targeted states.

Advertising↗
PubMed1995

Five leading U.S. commercial brands of moist snuff in 1994: assessment of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines.

BACKGROUND: Moist snuff is the only tobacco product in the United States with increasing sales (an increase of 38.4% between 1981 and 1993) and with increased consumption, primarily by male adolescents aged 12-18 years old and young adults aged 19 years old or older. It is known from previous studies that levels of nicotine and the proportion of unprotonated (free) nicotine, as well as the pH, which affects nicotine delivery, vary considerably among the leading snuff brands. Whether concentrations of major carcinogens, such as the nicotine-derived tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs), like N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), also vary among these brands has not been determined previously. PURPOSE: Our purpose was threefold: 1) to determine the concentrations of major carcinogenic nicotine-derived N-nitrosamines in each of the five most popular moist snuff brands; 2) to analyze the quantitative differences in the various snuff components (e.g., NNN) between two major brand categories: a category comprising the brands known to have high levels of unprotonated nicotine (Copenhagen, Skoal fine cut, and Kodiak) versus a category comprising the brands known to have low levels (Hawken and Skoal Bandits); and 3) to compare the differences in the concentrations of nicotine (previously determined), NNN, NNK, and total TSNAs between these two major brand categories. METHODS: Three boxes of each of the five leading U.S. moist snuff brands were bought in July 1994 from retailers in six areas and transferred immediately to the analytical laboratory. After extraction, N-nitrosamino acids and TSNAs were determined on a gas chromatograph interfaced with a thermal energy analyzer (GC-TEA) and integrator. Each 5-g sample of ground, freeze-dried tobacco was extracted twice, and each extract was analyzed twice by GC-TEA. All P values reported are two sided. RESULTS: Copenhagen, Skoal fine cut, and Kodiak as a group had statistically significant higher levels of nicotine (P = .0017), NNN (P < .0001), NNK (P = .0119), and total TSNAs (P < .0001) than the Hawken and Skoal Bandits group. Concentrations (means +/- SD) of nicotine, NNN, NNK, and total TSNAs comparing the two major brand categories are as follows: nicotine--11.6 +/- 1.01 mg/g versus 6.96 +/- 3.62 mg/g (P = .0017), NNN--7.74 +/- 1.70 micrograms/g versus 4.17 +/- 1.35 micrograms/g (P < .0001), NNK--1.23 +/- 0.68 micrograms/g versus 0.61 +/- 0.41 micrograms/g (P = .0119), and total TSNAs--14.3 +/- 3.82 micrograms/g versus 6.3 +/- 2.56 micrograms/g (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The three leading U.S. snuff brands (Copenhagen, Skoal fine cut, and Kodiak; making up 92% of the U.S. market) showed not only high levels of pH, nicotine, and unprotonated (free) nicotine, but also high concentrations of the strongly carcinogenic TSNAs in comparison with the fourth and fifth best selling moist snuff brands, Hawken and Skoal Bandits (3% of the U.S. market).

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1993

Benign footrot--an epidemiological investigation into the occurrence, effects on production, response to treatment and influence of environmental factors.

Benign footrot was studied in 1 1/2-years-old Merinos on 2 farms in central Victoria from September 1987 to August 1990, inclusive. Treatment groups of 100 sheep grazed together with the remaining untreated sheep. Inspections were carried out every 3 weeks during the spring transmission period until the number of lesions greater than score 2 dropped below 3%. At each inspection, each sheep was weighed and lesion scores for each foot and digit were recorded, the treated group of sheep was treated by standing in 20% (w/v) zinc sulphate-sodium lauryl sulphate for 1 hour, and bacteriological samples were randomly collected from 5 sheep with and 5 without lesions. Dichelobacter nodosus organisms were obtained from sheep in both groups. Laboratory tests indicated benign organisms in flock A and low virulence, intermediate organisms in flock B. During the first 2 years, the number and severity of lesions were greater in flock A than in flock B. However, in the third year, with an early 'autumn break', there was a rapid and severe outbreak of footrot in flock B; 98% of the flock had lesions at the first inspection in July 1989. Flock A had a less dramatic increase in lesions of footrot. Both treated and untreated groups in flock B recovered rapidly between the third and fourth inspections. A later increase in lesions for both flocks coincided with damage caused by barely grass seeds. During this period there was a significant difference (P < 0.001) in body weight between the treated and untreated sheep on farm B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The dissemination of smoking cessation methods for pregnant women: achieving the year 2000 objectives.

The smoking prevalence rate among adult women and pregnant women has decreased only 0.3 to 0.5% per year since 1969. Without a nationwide dissemination of efficacious smoking cessation methods based on these trends, by the year 2000 the smoking prevalence among pregnant women will be approximately 18%. This estimate is well above the US Department of Health and Human Services Year 2000 Objective of 10%. The US dissemination of tested smoking cessation methods could help an additional 12,900 to 155,000 pregnant smokers annually and 600,000 to 1,481,000 cumulatively to quit smoking during the 1990s. Dissemination could help achieve 31 to 78% of the Year 2000 Objectives for pregnancy smoking prevalence. (With dissemination, at best a 15% smoking prevalence during pregnancy, rather than the 10% objective, is likely to be observed.) Our results confirm a well-documented need for a national campaign to disseminate smoking cessation methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Human pulmonary dirofilariasis.

A case of human pulmonary dirofilariasis is reported. This human infestation must be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pulmonary "coin" lesion, which lies adjacent to a pleural surface, especially where tissue sections reveal a pulmonary infarct.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Reading gains for underachieving tutors and tutees in a cross-age tutoring programme.

A cross-age peer tutoring programme in reading is described in which three underachieving 10- to 11-year-old students tutored three underachieving 6- to 8-year-old students. The programme, a modification of the 'paired-reading' technique of Morgan and Lyon, involved both concurrent modelling of correct reading and praise for reading independently by peer tutors. When given general instructions to help, tutors did provide some assistance, but specific training was necessary before appropriate tutoring behaviours were used. Both tutees showed marked improvements in oral reading and comprehension on classroom exercises and standardised reading tests.

Achievement↗
PubMed1981

Training parents in behavioral self-management: an analysis of generalization and maintenance.

This study examined the generalization and maintenance effects of three phases of parent training (Instructions plus Feedback and two Self-management Training phases) on levels of disruptive child behavior and the accuracy with which parents implemented programs. Data were collected from five families in three main settings: the initial training setting (the home), a variety of generalization settings in the community, and the family breakfast. A multiple baseline across subjects design was used. Instructions plus Feedback comprised instructing parents to use a range of behavior management procedures and provided home-based differential feedback concerning accuracy of program implementation. Self-management Training phases involved training parents in goal setting, self-monitoring, and planning skills, specific to their performance of appropriate parenting skills in generalization settings. Results indicated that the Instructions plus Feedback phase was sufficient to produce reduced levels of problem behavior at home and high levels of accurate implementation, but generalization effects out of home were equivocal. Self-management maintained reduced levels of problem behavior at home but, in addition, resulted in generalization effects in community settings for both children and parents. Maintenance probes 3 months following the program revealed the effects had been maintained.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Behavioral self-management in story writing with elementary school children.

The effect of self-management procedures on objective writing responses and on the subjectively assessed quality of children's writing was investigated. All experimental procedures were applied to each of the 37 children in a regular Grade 3 class, and 14 of these children were randomly selected for data collection. Following baseline conditions, self-assessment plus self-recording of writing responses was introduced. This did not increase the number of sentences, number of different action words, or number of different describing words, or improve the quality of the stories. Self-determined and self-administered reinforcement was added to the self-assessment and self-recording procedures contingent on each of the writing responses in turn. Rates of responding were substantially increased and the stories received higher subjective ratings of quality from two independent judges. An increase in on-task behavior was correlated with self-reinforcement of writing responses.

Journal Article↗