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Biomedical subjects

T Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to T Goldberg.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Evaluation of economic effects of drug product selection legislation.

Drug product selection legislation is intended to achieve savings in the cost of prescription drugs without adversely affecting the quality of care by allowing pharmacists the opportunity to dispense less costly generically equivalent drug products in place of the product which had been prescribed by the physician. Various conditions under which the pharmacists are authorized by state laws to exercise theoption to substitute are discussed. The study then identifies and examines the conditions under which savings may and do occur, using the legislation in Michigan as the model. Over 60,000 acutal prescriptions were examined for the three-year period, April 1, 1974 through March 31, 1977--which covers the period of the year immediately before the legislation became effective and the two subsequent years-to determine: 1) the extent to which substitution is possible; 2) potential savings from generic substitution; and 3) very substantial potential cost savings from drug product selection, the actual savings represent only an extremely small proportion of the potential. This principally is due to the fact of the low rate of substitution among eligible prescriptions. Thus, if the gap between actual and potential savings is to be reduced, more attention must be given to affecting the pattern of drug selection among pharmacists.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1979

Residual astigmatism and visual acuity with hydrogel contact lenses: a comparative study.

Residual astigmatism, visual acuity, and transferred corneal toricity were measured in a double masked fashion on 24 randomly selected patients fitted with Buasch and Lomb Soflens contact lenses, the Hydrocurve II contact lenses, and the AOSoftTM hydrophillic contact lenses. None of the subjects had any contraindications to hydrogel lens wear. All three lens types produced a small but similar reduction in refractive astigmatism. However, because of residual astigmatism, fewer eyes achieved 20/20 or better visual acuity with each of the hydrogel lens types than with the best spectacle correction. Corneal toricity was found to be transferred to the front surface of all three lens types. Our findings indicate that generally these three types of hydrogel lenses result in similar residual astigmatism, visual acuity and transferred corneal toricity. However, individual differences may occur. Therefore, the choice of lens type should be based on the individual patient's response to various lens types.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Becoming a problematic consumer of narcotics.

Based on participant observation studies of problematic consumers of narcotics in Stockholm, Sweden, this paper presents a life-history model illuminating why the research subjects started using narcotics and continued to do so. The model consists of four stages. The first two are initiated before the individual begins taking drugs. and lead to the development of a drastically negative self-image. The third stage consists of consciously breaching societal norms, thereby provoking responses which confirm and consolidate the negative self-image. In the fourth stage still more drastic deviant behavior and an increasingly negative self-image mutually reinforce each other.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reported dietary intakes of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: limitations of dietary recall.

Reported dietary intakes were assessed in young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We studied 44 IDDM patients (24 males, 20 females, mean +/- SD age 13.2 +/- 4.5 yr) and compared them with 44 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects. Estimated intakes from 24-h dietary recall were analyzed in relation to body weight and degree of diabetes control. The reported energy intake of the IDDM patients with greater than 120% ideal body weight (IBW) for height was 66, 59/88% (where X = geometric mean, L1 = lower confidence limit/L2 = upper confidence limit) of recommended daily allowance (RDA), whereas those with IBW less than 120% reported 90, 67/120% (p less than 0.01). Patients with increased weights in comparison with IBW had higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (11.9 +/- 2.7%) than those with weights more appropriate for IBW (9.7 +/- 2.4%, p less than 0.025). IDDM patients reported overconsumption of protein and fat, but their carbohydrate intake was low. Analysis of dietary recalls revealed high protein intake (X +/- SD, 20.0 +/- 5.0% of total calorie intake), especially in older (27 +/- 4%) compared with younger (19 +/- 2%-19 +/- 4%, p less than 0.01) patients. Proportions of carbohydrate, protein, and fat did not correlate with variations in body weight and/or HbA1c. The reported intake of protein per kilogram body weight was not significantly different between appropriate-weight and overweight IDDM patients. There was no significant difference in reported total energy intakes of IDDM patients compared with their healthy control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗