Biomedical subjects

T H Cheung

Publications and source records attributed to T H Cheung.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Identification of molecular markers and signaling pathway in endometrial cancer in Hong Kong Chinese women by genome-wide gene expression profiling.

Endometrial cancer is the third most common gynecologic malignancy and the ninth most common malignancy for females overall in Hong Kong. Approximately 80% or more of these cancers are endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas. The aim of this study was to reveal genes contributing to the development of endometrioid endometrial cancer, which may impact diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the disease. Whole-genome gene expression analysis was completed for a set of 55 microdissected sporadic endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinomas and 29 microdissected normal endometrium specimens using the Affymetrix Human U133 Plus 2.0 oligonucleotide microarray. Selected genes of interest were validated by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Pathway analysis was performed to reveal gene interactions involved in endometrial tumorigenesis. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering displayed a distinct separation between the endometrioid adenocarcinomas and normal endometrium samples. Supervised analysis identified 117 highly differentially regulated genes (>or=4.0-fold change), which distinguished the endometrial cancer specimens from normal endometrium. Twelve novel genes including DKK4, ZIC1, KIF1A, SAA2, LOC16378, ALPP2, CCL20, CXCL5, BST2, OLFM1, KLRC1 and MBC45780 were deregulated in the endometrial cancer, and further validated in an independent set of 56 cancer and 29 normal samples using qRT-PCR. In addition, 10 genes were differentially regulated in late-stage cancer, as compared to early-stage disease, and may be involved in tumor progression. Pathway analysis of the expression data from this tumor revealed an interconnected network consisting of 21 aberrantly regulated genes involved in angiogenesis, cell proliferation and chromosomal instability. The results of this study highlight the molecular features of endometrioid endometrial cancer and provide insight into the events underlying the development and progression of endometrioid endometrial cancer.

Endometrial Neoplasms↗

PubMed2006

A randomised trial of carbetocin versus syntometrine in the management of the third stage of labour.

OBJECTIVE: Syntometrine is an effective uterotonic agent used in preventing primary postpartum haemorrhage but has adverse effects including nausea, vomiting, hypertension and coronary artery spasm. Carbetocin is a newly developed long-acting oxytocin analogue that might be used as an uterotonic agent. We compare the efficacy and safety of intramuscular (IM) carbetocin with IM syntometrine in preventing primary postpartum haemorrhage. DESIGN: Prospective, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Delivery suite of a university-based obstetrics unit. POPULATION: Women with singleton pregnancy achieving vaginal delivery after and throughout 34 weeks. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty-nine eligible women were randomised to receive either a single dose of 100 microgram IM carbetocin or 1 ml IM syntometrine (a mixture of 5 iu oxytocin and 0.5 mg ergometrine) at the end of second stage of labour. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Difference in haemoglobin drop measured 2 days after delivery between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no difference in the drop of haemoglobin concentration within the first 48 hours between the two groups. The incidence of additional oxytocic injections, postpartum haemorrhage (blood loss > or = 500 ml) and retained placenta were also similar. The use of carbetocin was associated with significant lower incidence of nausea (relative risk [RR] 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.78), vomiting (RR 0.1, 95% CI 0.01-0.74), hypertension 30 minutes (0 versus 8 cases, P < 0.01) and 60 minutes (0 versus 6 cases, P < 0.05) after delivery but a higher incidence of maternal tachycardia (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.03-3.57). CONCLUSIONS: IM carbetocin is as effective as IM syntometrine in preventing primary postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal delivery. It is less likely to induce hypertension and has a low incidence of adverse effect. It should be considered as a good alternative to conventional uterotonic agents used in managing the third stage of labour.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Protein profiling of cervical cancer by protein-biochips: proteomic scoring to discriminate cervical cancer from normal cervix.

Analysis of multiple proteins is thought to be essential for establishment of signature proteomic patterns that may distinguish cancer from non-cancer. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) is an affinity-based mass spectrometric method in which proteins of interest are selectively absorbed to a chemically modified surface on a biochip. This technology may provide protein profiling of a variety of biological specimens. In this study, we explored whether the protein biochip SELDI approach could differentiate cervical cancer from non-cancer cohorts. We screened protein profiles generated by SELDI in 62 cervical epithelial cell samples microdissected from 35 invasive cervical cancer and 27 age-matched normal cervix tissue specimens, respectively. The cell lysates of pure populations of cervical cells were applied onto Ciphergen ProteinChip WCX2 Arrays. Proteins bound to the chips were analyzed on a ProteinChip Reader Model PBS II. Derived proteomic patterns were converted to a simple proteomic scoring for distinguishing cancer from non-cancer cohorts. SELDI protein profiles of cell lysates from 20 cervical cancer and 15 normal cervix tissue specimens were used to train and develop a classification scoring system that used a seven-protein mass pattern. The training samples could be correctly discriminated. When a test set of 27 samples was used for evaluation of this scoring system to distinguish cervical cancer from non-cancer, a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 86% for the test population were obtained. All seven proteins appeared to be down regulated in cervical cancer. The results from this study indicate that the proteomics approach of SELDI mass spectrometry, in combination with a simple scoring system, may distinguish cervical cancer from its normal counterpart. If this approach is also workable in the analysis of cervical exfoliated cell lysate, it might potentially be used in the early diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer. In addition, the identification of these specific proteins in cervical cancer may also facilitate the discovery of new cervical tumor marker(s).

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Extended experience in the use of laparoscopic ultrasound to detect pelvic nodal metastasis in patients with cervical carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of laparoscopic ultrasound (USG) to detect pelvic nodal metastasis in patients with early stage cervical carcinoma. METHODS: Laparoscopic USG was used to search for pelvic lymph node metastasis in stage Ia2 to IIa cervical carcinoma patients before radical hysterectomy. Suspicious lymph nodes identified by laparoscopic USG were removed laparoscopically for pathological confirmation by frozen section. If nodal metastasis was diagnosed, radical hysterectomy would be cancelled but enlarged lymph nodes were removed preferably by laparoscopic approach before closing the abdomen. These patients were treated with radiotherapy after recovering from the surgery. By comparing the laparoscopic USG and pathological findings of lymph nodes removed with or without radical hysterectomy, diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopic USG was determined. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients were recruited and the final analysis included 90 patients. Laparoscopic USG found suspicious lymph nodes in 17 patients and nodal metastases were confirmed pathologically in 14 of them. Three patients with macroscopic and five patients with microscopic pelvic nodal metastases were missed by laparoscopic USG. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of laparoscopic USG in detecting pelvic lymph node metastasis were 87.8%, 63.6%, 95.6%, 82.4%, and 89%, respectively. Macroscopic metastatic nodes were successfully removed laparoscopically in 11 out of 14 patients and laparotomy was required for the other three patients. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic USG can be performed with no major morbidity. This technique is sensitive in detecting macroscopic but not microscopic metastatic pelvic lymph nodes. Removal of macroscopic metastatic nodes identified via laparoscopic USG via laparoscopic approach could be accomplished in majority of patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Patient-controlled analgesia versus conventional intramuscular injection: a cost effectiveness analysis.

BACKGROUND: In previous studies comparing patient-controlled-analgesia and intramuscular pain management have been unable to provide conclusive evidence of the benefits of either method of postoperative pain control. AIM: The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of intravenous patient-controlled-analgesia with intermittent intramuscular morphine for Chinese women in the first 24 hours following elective gynaecological surgery. METHODS: A randomized control design was used. The main outcomes were level of pain and cost for the two types of pain management. Participants indicated their level of pain at rest and when deep breathing or coughing on a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale, on seven occasions within 24 postoperative hours. Costs for the two types of pain management were based on the costs of equipment, drugs and nursing time. RESULTS: A total of 125 women participated in the study. Mean pain level over the 24 hours in the patient-controlled-analgesia group was significantly lower than in the intramuscular group (P < 0.001). Mean pain level over the seven occasions for the patient-controlled-analgesia group was 11.83 points (95% CI 7.14-16.52) lower when at rest and 11.73 points (95% CI 5.96-17.50) lower during motion than the intramuscular group. Cost per patient was $81.10 (Hong Kong) higher for patient-controlled-analgesia than for intramuscular pain management. Women in the patient-controlled-analgesia group had significantly greater satisfaction with pain management than those in the intramuscular group (P < 0.001), but reported significantly more episodes of nausea (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: While patient-controlled-analgesia was more costly, it was also more effective than conventional on-demand intramuscular opioid injections after laparotomy for gynaecological surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Integrations of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) into the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene in liver and cervical cancers.

Chronic infections with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are important risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cervical cancer (CC), respectively. HBV and HPV are DNA viruses that almost invariably integrate into the host genome in invasive tumors. The viral integration sites occur throughout the genome, leading to the presumption that there are no preferred sites of integration. A number of viral integrations have been shown to occur within the vicinity of important cancer-related genes. In studies of HBV-induced HCC and HPV-induced CC, we have identified two HBV and three HPV integrations into the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene. Detailed characterization of the integrations revealed that four integrations occurred within the hTERT promoter and upstream region and the fifth integration occurred in intron 3 of the hTERT gene. None of the integrations altered the hTERT coding sequence and all resulted in juxtaposition of viral enhancers near hTERT, with potential activation of hTERT expression. Our work supports the hypothesis that the sites of oncogenic viral integration are nonrandom and that genes at the sites of viral integration may play important roles in carcinogenesis.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2002

Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: a multicenter study in China.

A large-scale epidemiologic survey on the prevalence of different types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer in China is indicated because of the implications for the development of diagnostic probes and vaccines against cervical cancer. A total of 809 cervical cancer specimens were collected from 5 regions in China including Shanghai, Guangzhou, Sichuan, Beijing and Hong Kong. HPV DNA was detected in 83.7% of the specimens. HPV-16 was present in 79.6%, HPV-18 in 7.5%, HPV-52 in 2.6% and HPV-58 in 3.8% of all HPV-positive specimens. The prevalences of HPV-16 and HPV-18 in Hong Kong were 61.7 and 14.8%, respectively, representing a lower HPV-16 and a higher HPV-18 proportion compared with the other regions. HPV-16 remained the most common HPV infection in both squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). The proportion of HPV-18 infection was significantly higher in AC than in SCC.

China↗

PubMed2002

Expression of apoptotic regulators and their significance in cervical cancer.

Insufficient apoptosis is implicated in many human cancers, including cervical carcinoma. The objectives of this study were to explore changes of apoptosis-regulating gene expression and their clinical significance in cervical cancer. The expression of apoptosis-regulating genes, including five Bcl-2 family and two caspase family members, was evaluated in 43 cervical invasive squamous cell carcinomas, using immunohistochemistry. Specimens in which >or=10% of the neoplastic cells showed cytosolic immunoreactivity were considered to be immunopositive. Results were correlated with clinico-pathologic characteristics of the subjects. All seven apoptotic regulators examined were positive in a proportion of the tumors. The percentage of cases expressing Bax was higher in the patients without evidence of disease after treatment than in the patients alive with disease or who died of disease (P<0.05). A significant difference in disease-free survival was detected between Bax-positive and -negative groups (P<0.05), and in overall survival between Mcl-1-positive and -negative groups (P<0.05). Significant association between the seven markers tested was only found for caspase 3 and Bak immunoreactivity in cervical carcinoma (P<0.05). The results demonstrate expression of multiple apoptosis-modulating proteins in cervical cancer. There appears to be complex regulation of apoptosis protein levels in association with clinical behavior of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Apoptosis↗

PubMed2002

Hysteroscopic dissemination of endometrial carcinoma using carbon dioxide and normal saline: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the likelihood of disseminating endometrial carcinoma cells into the peritoneal cavity by hysteroscopic examination using carbon dioxide (CO(2)) or normal saline (NS) as the distension medium. METHODS: A retrospective study of 162 consecutive patients with endometrial carcinoma treated at a university teaching hospital from 1994 to 1999 was undertaken. All patients had a hysteroscopic examination, using either CO(2) or NS as the distension medium, as part of the investigation for abnormal uterine bleeding or in determining whether the uterine cervix was invaded by tumor. Peritoneal fluid for cytology was collected immediately upon entry into the abdominal cavity. Positive peritoneal cytology was considered the primary statistical endpoint. RESULTS: Among 162 patients, 39 cases were excluded from the study because of macroscopic intraperitoneal diseases (n = 32) or pathology other than endometrioid adenocarcinoma (n = 7). Another 3 cases were excluded because both distension mediums had been used in the hysteroscopy. Analysis was therefore based on the data of 120 patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of patients undergoing hysteroscopy using either CO(2) (n = 70) or NS (n = 50) with regard to age, pathologic stage, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grading, myometrial invasion, tumor size, cervical involvement, nodal involvement, and 2-year progression-free survival. However, there was a mean of 13.0 plus minus 5.0 days (range 3-21 days) time gap between laparotomy for definitive surgery and CO(2) hysteroscopy compared to immediate laparotomy after NS hysteroscopy (P < 0.001). Positive peritoneal cytology was noticed in 8 (6.7%) patients of which 7 were in the NS group and 1 was in the CO(2) group. Positive cytology was significantly more common among patients after hysteroscopy using NS than CO(2) (14.0% versus 1.4%, odds ratio = 11.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-94.5, P = 0.009). The presence of positive peritoneal cytology was not associated with age, tumor grade, tumor size, myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, or nodal metastasis. All 8 patients with positive cytology received no additional treatment and are disease free at 12 to 34 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggested that endometrial malignant cells were introduced into the peritoneal cavity during hysteroscopy and might be more likely after the use of NS rather than CO(2). This report emphasizes the need for prospective evaluation for further clarification of this hypothesis. The clinical significance of the dissemination awaits the long-term follow-up of these patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Aberrant expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p27(KIP1) in cervical carcinoma.

An immuno-histochemical study of p21 and p27 expression in cervical carcinoma was performed in 73 patients. Positive p21 and p27 staining was detected in 35.6 and 11% of tumour tissues, respectively. p21 expression was significantly correlated with advanced disease stage and negative human papilloma virus infection whilst positive p27 staining was not correlated with any clinical and pathological parameters studied. Kaplan-Meier estimation indicated that survival might be related to disease stage, tumour grade and p21 expression. Cox regression analysis confirmed that advanced stage disease and poorly differentiated tumour are independent prognostic factors for cervical carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Alteration of cyclin D1 and CDK4 gene in carcinoma of uterine cervix.

Amplification and overexpression of cyclin D1 and CDK4 genes in cervical carcinoma were studied by semi-quantitative differential polymerase chain reaction assay and an immunostaining technique, respectively. Amplifications of cyclin D1 and CDK4 genes were found in 24% (27/113) and 26% (29/112) of tumors, respectively. Overexpression of cyclin D1 and CDK4 was demonstrated in 32% (21/66) and 73% (45/62) of tumors, respectively. No tumor showed CDK4 gene mutation on single strand conformational polymorphism. Sixteen percent (8/49) of the tumor specimens showed neither amplification nor overexpression. Disease stage, tumor grade and overexpression of cyclin D1 were found to be independent poor prognostic factors in cervical carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Preoperative hysteroscopic assessment of cervical invasion by endometrial carcinoma: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hysteroscopy, using normal saline (NS) or carbon dioxide (CO2) as the distention medium, in assessing tumor invasion of the uterine cervix by endometrial carcinoma. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 200 consecutive patients with endometrial carcinoma diagnosed from 1993 to 2000. Prior to definitive surgical treatment, hysteroscopy was performed using either NS or CO2 as the distention medium to determine whether the tumor had spread to the cervix. The uterine specimens obtained after hysterectomies were cut open for gross examination. Tumor invasion of the cervix as determined by hysteroscopy and gross examinations was compared with the pathological findings. RESULTS: Tumor invasion of the cervix was found in 41 (20.5%) cases on pathological examination. Hysteroscopy has an accuracy of 92.5% (185/200), a sensitivity of 68.3% (28/41), and a specificity of 98.7% (157/159), with a PPV of 93.3% (28/30) and a NPV of 92.4% (157/170) in determining cervical involvement. Assessment by gross inspection had 93.0% (186/200) accuracy, 68.3% (28/41) sensitivity, 99.4% (158/159) specificity, 96.6% (28/29) PPV, and 92.4% (158/171) NPV. There was no significant difference between the two assessment methods. When the results of hysteroscopy performed with different distention mediums were compared, the use of NS had a higher accuracy in determining tumor spread to the cervix (96.8% vs 88.7%, P = 0.03) and NPV (96.4% vs 88.4%, P < 0.05) than the use of CO2. CONCLUSIONS: Hysteroscopic assessment and gross examination of the uterine specimen had similar efficacy in detecting cervical invasion by endometrial carcinoma. Hysteroscopic examination using NS is more accurate than that which uses CO2.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Microsatellite instability in cervical carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of microsatellite instability (MI) in cervical carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 100 cases of cervical carcinoma. RESULTS: MI, defined as tumor-associated alterations in at least one of five dinucleotide microsatellite markers examined, was detected in 25% of the cervical carcinomas which were observed. There was a nonsignificant trend towards MI occurrence in higher grade tumors, more advanced stage and cases with poor clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that microsatellite instability is present in a subset of cervical carcinoma and may be an independent prognostic factor. Further research with more samples is required.

Dinucleotide Repeats↗

PubMed2001

Clinical and prognostic significance of human papillomavirus in a Chinese population of cervical cancers.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and prognostic significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a Chinese population of cervical cancers. METHODS: We studied 121 cervical cancer tissue samples from patients treated at our hospital. Identification and typing of HPV were done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using consensus primers MY11 and MY09 followed by direct DNA sequencing. The results were correlated with various clinical and prognostic parameters. RESULTS: We found HPV DNA in 95 (78.5%) cases, including HPV-16 in 59 (48.8%) and HPV-18 in 14 (11.6%) cases. chi(2) analysis revealed no significant correlation between the presence of HPV DNA and age at diagnosis, clinical stage, histologic type, tumor grading, 2-year and 5-year survival rate. Of the factors evaluated, age at diagnosis and histologic type were found to have a statistically significant relationship with HPV type. The mean age of the HPV-18 group was 48.6 years compared to 57.1 years for the HPV-16 group (p = 0.045) and 58.2 years for the HPV-negative group (p = 0.04). HPV-18 was detected more often in adenocarcinomas (AC) than in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Conversely HPV-16 was detected significantly more often in SCC (p < 0.0001). The HPV-negative group also had a higher incidence of SCC (p = 0.007). HPV-18-positive patients seemed to have more nodal involvement than both HPV-16-positive patients (45.5 vs. 20.8%) and HPV-negative patients (45.5 vs. 18.2%); however, it did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that the presence of HPV DNA does not bear any clinical or prognostic significance in a Chinese population of cervical cancers. HPV-18 is found more often in younger patients and is associated with AC.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2001

Microsatellite instability, expression of hMSH2 and hMLH1 and HPV infection in cervical cancer and their clinico-pathological association.

Infection with specific genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) has been strongly implicated in cervical carcinogenesis. However, HPV infection alone is insufficient for malignant transformation of the cervical epithelium. An alteration of microsatellite repeats is the result of slippage owing to strand misalignment during DNA replication and is referred to as microsatellite instability (MSI). These defects in DNA repair pathways have been related to human carcinogenesis; however, the role of MSI in the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer remains unclear. The clinical and pathological features of cervical cancers which are MSI-positive have also not been fully characterized. This study investigated the prevalence of MSI in cervical cancer and its relationship to clinico-pathological characteristics and HPV infection. Polymerase chain reaction-based microsatellite assay combined with tissue microdissection was used to examine for MSI in 50 cervical squamous cell carcinomas in Hong Kong women. In addition, the immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression of major DNA mismatch repair genes, hMSH2 and hMLH1. Six cases (12%) displayed a low frequency of MSI (MSL-L) showing MSI at one locus only in 5 loci examined. Seven cases (14%) showed a high frequency of MSI (MSI-H) having MSI at 2 or more loci. Grouping MSI-L and MSI-H cases together as MSI-positive, statistical analysis of HPV infection, tumor grade, clinical stage and clinical status failed to disclose differences between MSI-positive and MSI-negative cases (p > 0.05). However, MSI-H correlated with advanced stage of disease (p < 0.05). Individuals with MSI-H tumors appeared to have reduced overall survival compared to individuals with MSI-L and MSI-negative tumors, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.059). An absence of either MSH2 or MLH1 expression was observed in 2 MSI-L and 4 MSI-H cases, respectively. The results suggest that MSI is present in a subgroup of cervical squamous cell carcinomas, and defects resulting in MSI may be related to tumor progression and possibly poor prognosis in cervical cancer.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗

PubMed2000

Loss of heterozygosity at the short arm of chromosome 3 in microdissected cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a common genetic finding in many human neoplasms, including cervical cancer. The detection of LOH at specific loci in the precursor of cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) may help in elucidating the evolution of this cancer, which has a clearly defined histological premalignant phase. However, molecular genetic investigation of CIN is difficult because many of the lesions are very small and sometimes ill defined topographically. In this study we analyzed eighteen polymorphic microsatellite repeats on chromosome 3p in CINs using a method of primer extension pre-amplification (PEP) for whole genome amplification combined with microdissection. These markers encompass chromosome region 3pter-3p12. LOH at one or more loci was detected in five (33%) out of the 15 informative cases with low grade CIN (CIN 1), while 22 (92%) out of 24 cases with high grade CIN (CIN 2 and 3) (P<0.01). The highest incidence (41%) of LOH was detected at locus D3S1038 (3p26.1-3p25.2). Frequent LOH (more than 20%) was also found at other loci including D3S1110 (3p25.3-3p25.1) (31%), D3S656 (3p25.1) (24%), D3S1076 (3p21.2-3p21.1) (29%), D3S1300 (3p21.1-3p14.2) (24%), D3S1600 (3p14.2-3p14.1) (24%), and D3S1079 (3p13) (25%). The results from this study taken together with others indicate that the genetic alterations on chromosome 3p are common in high grade of CIN and are probably early events in cervical carcinogenesis. Tumor suppressor gene(s) that play a role in cervical neoplasm may be located on the short arm of chromosome 3, likely at or near 3p26.1-25.1, 3p21.2-21.1, and 3p14.2-13.

Alleles↗

PubMed2000

Overexpression of p53 and HER-2/neu and c-myc in primary fallopian tube carcinoma.

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is a rare form of female cancer and the genetic basis of its carcinogenesis remains unclear. Eighteen cases of primary fallopian tube adenocarcinoma were studied. Immunohistochemical staining for p53, HER-2/neu and c-myc genes were performed. Overexpression of p53 was detected in 12 cases (67%), HER-2/neu in 16 cases (89%), and c-myc in 11 cases (61%). The potential relevance of overexpression of the three genes with clinicopathological features was examined, but no significant correlation was found. The high incidence of p53, HER-2/neu and c-myc overexpression in fallopian tube adenocarcinoma suggests these genes may play a role in its tumorigenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

p53 polymorphism and human papillomavirus infection in Hong Kong women with cervical cancer.

In this study we investigated the involvement of p53 polymorphism at codon 72, the infection and typing of human papillomavirus (HPV) and the correlation of p53 polymorphism with HPV type and other clinicopathologic characteristics in 72 Hong Kong women with cervical cancer. We developed a simple and nonradioactive method for determining polymorphism at codon 72 of the p53 gene. The homozygous p53 arginine allele (Arg/Arg) was detected in 22 (31%), the homozygous p53 proline allele (Pro/Pro) in 14 (19%) and the heterozygous allele (Arg/Pro) in 36 (50%) cases, respectively. Using the consensus primers MY11 and MY09, HPV infection was detected in 55 of 72 (76%) cases. The prevalent types were HPV-16 (55%), HPV-18 (16%) and HPV-58 (9%). The number of HPV-positive cases with Arg/Arg, Pro/Pro and Arg/Pro were 17 (31%), 12 (22%) and 26 (47%), respectively. The p53 polymorphism at codon 72 was not significantly correlated with any of the HPV types (p > 0.05). No striking overrepresentation of homozygous arginine-72 p53 was observed in HPV-associated cervical cancer. The results in this study did not show that any p53 polymorphic form has a prognostic significance for cervical cancer.

Codon↗