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Biomedical subjects

T H Ollendick

Publications and source records attributed to T H Ollendick.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Prevalence of bulimia in working and university women.

The authors determined the prevalence of binge eating and bulimia in samples of 139 working women and 234 women who were university students. Although binge eating was found in 57 (41%) of the working women and 161 (69%) of the university women, the syndrome of bulimia was found in only two (1%) of the working women and 12 (5%) of the university women. These findings, although significant, stand in sharp contrast to popular reports that one-half or more of young women suffer from eating disorders. Further, they reveal systematic differences in the prevalence of bulimic behaviors between working women and university women. Results are discussed in terms of factors that might be associated with bulimia in these two samples of women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Vicarious reinforcement: Expected and unexpected effects.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects on one child of observing another child receive direct social reinforcement. In the first part of the study, pairs of same-sex children worked on puzzles for three sessions spaced 2 to 3 days apart. One child was praised on a continuous schedule for performance, whereas the other received no praise. Although children who observed other children being praised increased their performance initially (as predicted by vicarious reinforcement and social comparison hypotheses), their performance decreased over time, reaching levels below their own baseline rates. In the second part of the study, intermittent praise delivered to the observing child was examined as a potential strategy to reverse the unexpected effects obtained in the first part of the study. Intermittent praise was found to be effective in reducing these effects and in producing enhanced performance. Individual data, as well as group data, are presented. Results are discussed in light of theoretical and applied issues related to the use of vicarious reinforcement in applied settings.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

An empirical demonstration of the random stimulus design.

The random stimulus design, a single case methodology, was described. This design is a variant of the reversal or withdrawal design; however, the same set of items is presented to a subject only a small percentage of the total number of experimental conditions rather than across all conditions. The design is considered most applicable under conditions where numerous presentations are not desired since they may result in boredom, fatigue, or related variables that may adversely affect the evaluation of the dependent variables. Spelling and reading deficits were treated in the present study, but only as a means of illustrating the experimental design.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1980

Increasing spelling achievement: an analysis of treatment procedures utilizing an alternating treatments design.

Two studies which examine the effectiveness of spelling remediation procedures are reported. In both studies, an alternating treatment design was employed. In the first study, positive practice overcorrection plus positive reinforcement was compared to positive practice alone and a no-remediation control condition. In the second study, positive practice plus positive reinforcement was compared to a traditional corrective procedure plus positive reinforcement and a traditional procedure when used alone. Results of both studies indicated that the combined positive practice plus positive reinforcement procedure was more efficient and that it was preferred by the children. Following brief training under this combined procedure, all children demonstrated 100% spelling accuracy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

First memories of "normal" and of schizophrenic, paranoid-type individuals.

Compared the early recollections of 40 schizophrenic, paranoid-type patients and 37 "normal" individuals. The themes of the early recollections of the two groups were significantly different. The normal group reported events such as illness, injury, and attention-getting more frequently than the schizophrenic group, whereas the early recollections of the schizophrenic group contained more variety of the themes than those of the normal group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacological treatment of aggressive behavior and emesis in the Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.

Chlorpromazine and fluphenazine decanoate were employed to treat aggressive behavior and emesis in a 22-year-old patient with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Institution of the above neuroleptics, following an unsuccessful trial of diazepam, produced reductions of 95.1 per cent and 37.9 per cent for aggressive behavior and emesis, respectively. Four follow-up observations, occurring at 3-week intervals, revealed maintenance of low rates of aggressive behavior and continued reductions in emesis (mean reduction of 81.5 per cent). These findings are important for their a) inclusion of direct behavioral observation as the data base, and b) initial promising effects of neuroleptics for a rare mental retardation syndrome.

Adult↗