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Biomedical subjects

T H Peirce

Publications and source records attributed to T H Peirce.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Ceftazidime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection.

Forty patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection requiring hospital admission were treated with ceftazidime. One patient developed acute dyspnoea after the first dose of the drug which was considered to be drug related and treatment was discontinued. All remaining patients were clinically assessed as being either cured or improved. In all cases that were bacteriologically assessable the pathogens were eradicated. One patient developed erythema multiforme after the end of ceftazidime treatment; this was considered to be possibly drug related.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Levels of cefuroxime in bronchial secretion.

Levels of cefuroxime in bronchial secretion were measured in 49 patients requiring bronchoscopy for diagnostic purposes. Patients were randomly allocated to one of 4 groups which differed with respect to the size (750 mg or 1.5 g) and number (1 or 7) of intravenous doses of cefuroxime given approximately 1 hour prior to sampling. Levels of cefuroxime achieved after administration of all 4 dosages were sufficient to exceed the MIC values for the major chest pathogens. Penetration of cefuroxime into bronchial secretion was also found to be dose-related.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Fatal tension pneumopericardium complicating tracheostomy.

The findings in a patient who developed a fatal pneumopericardium following tracheostomy are reported. This complication of tracheostomy does not appear to have been reported previously in the literature.. When recognized, pneumopericardium is a treatable lesion, and clinicians should be aware of this potential complication.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Oxygen toxicity: augmentation of antioxidant defense mechanisms in rat lung.

In studies directed at determining the activities of selected enzymes in lung tissue after in vivo exposure to hyperoxia, 70-day-old rats were exposed to 85% or 90% O2 for 1-14 days. After 7 days of exposure to 90% O2 (1atm), superoxide dismutase activities in mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions increased, respectively, to 245 and 145% of control; glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities increased, respectively, to 317, 175, and 413% of control. The levels of reduced glutathione and total nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds were elevated to 195% and 365% of control. Similar changes were observed in rats exposed to 85% O2 for up to 14 days, but to a lesser degree. The changes are interpreted as a reflection of the overall magnitude of oxidant-induced lung injury-reparative processes. The results suggest that hyperoxia induces an increase in lung "antioxidant" defense capabilities. This apparent adaptive response may be important in decreasing the susceptibility of lung tissue to continued O2 toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Removal of endobronchial foreign body by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

A relatively large foreign body (ham bone) was seen in the left upper lobe bronchus of a 25-year-old woman and was successfully extracted with the use of a standard fiberoptic bronchoscope. Although the removal of foreign bodies by the fiberoptic bronchoscope has serious technical limitations, the use of this instrument should be considered when the foreign body is not within range of the rigid bronchoscope.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in chronic bronchitis.

Authenic tracheobronchial secretions/exudates (TBSE) were aspirated under direct vision via a sterile catheter passed through a fiberoptic bronchoscope from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by chronic bronchitis. TBSE, saliva and blood were obtained during long-term administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and were assayed for drug content. Before and during treatment TBSE were cultured qualitatively and quantitatively for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, mycoplasmas and viruses. Treatment with TMP-SMX was associated with a decrease in the recovery of Hemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis; however, little effect was observed on the typically nonpathogenic aerobic and anaerobic bacteria of the upper respiratory tract. TMP was found in saliva at concentrations greater than in serum. Both TMP and SMX entered TBSE in absolute and relative concentrations sufficient to take advantage of the potential for synergy against susceptible microorganisms. Patient tolerance of TMP-SMX was generally good and several patients reported a decrease in production of sputum during treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1971

Clinical evaluation of perhexiline maleate in patients with angina pectoris.

This paper reports a double-blind trial of a new antianginal drug, perhexiline. Fifty-five patients suffering from angina pectoris were studied for periods of 12 or 24 weeks in a cross-over comparison against a placebo in four centres in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Perhexiline was effective in most patients as judged by reducing the number of anginal attacks in 84% and the consumption of glyceryl trinitrate tablets in 64%. The major side effect, dizziness, noted in one-third of the patients, may be dose/body-weight related. Perhexiline is a valuable new agent for the treatment of patients with angina, especially those who do not respond to other antianginal agents.

Adult↗