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Biomedical subjects

T H Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to T H Taylor.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Occupation and bladder cancer risk.

This study examines the estimated risk of bladder cancer associated with various occupations among 1,465 cases identified in Orange County, California, during 1984-1988. The annual age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 population in Orange County was similar to that of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute: 25.7 in males and 6.2 in females. Cases were compared with a sample of Orange County residents relative to broad category of current occupation, adjusted for age and cigarette smoking. The estimated relative risks were significant for males in machine trades (relative risk (RR) = 2.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-5.82) and processing occupations (RR = 5.77, 95% CI 1.43-23.27) and for females in machine trades (RR = 8.34, 95% CI 1.14-61.17) and homemakers (RR = 5.37, 95% CI 2.40-11.99) as compared with individuals of the same sex in professional, technical, and managerial occupations.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Multiple rheumatoid nodules of the renal cortex.

We report the findings of a large localized collection of rheumatoid nodules in the renal cortex of a male patient with long-standing seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid nodules are a rare occurrence in the urinary tract, with only two previous reports of renal involvement, to our knowledge. A possible relationship, on the basis of immunologically mediated mechanisms, to accompanying chronic pyelonephritis is proposed.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

Is event frequency encoded automatically? The case of alcohol intoxication.

The four experiments reported show that sensitivity to event frequency is diminished by alcohol intoxication. In two experiments on confusion between presented and generated words, the function relating estimated to actual frequency was steeper for sober than intoxicated subjects. In two experiments on word-frequency estimates after a word-pronunciation task, the influence of alcohol intoxication was identified at the input as opposed to the test stage. We conclude that these findings are inconsistent with the idea that frequency-of-occurrence information is automatically encoded.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Anti-HTLV III ELISA and Western blot testing in a blood donor population: implications for donor notification.

We have evaluated the western blot (WB) test for distinguishing anti-HTLV III ELISA-positive donors who have likely been exposed to HTLV III from those that are false positives. Of 1,955 donors, 26 were positive for anti-HTLV III by ELISA testing. Only 6 (23%) were positive by WB: 5 of these 6 were male homosexuals with multiple partners and 5 of 6 had low Th/Ts ratios. The WB-positive donors gave the highest absorbance values in the anti-HTLV III ELISA assay. The immunologic abnormalities in the WB-positive donors suggest that they should be notified of their test results. We conclude that basing a donor notification policy on WB results is the optimum public health strategy for blood banks at the present time.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1984

Rheumatoid disease and bronchogenic carcinoma--case report and review of the literature.

We describe a patient with a solitary pulmonary nodule that proved to be a rheumatoid nodule and a coexistent carcinoma. Similar cases from the literature are reviewed. Fine needle aspiration cytologies from such lesions are potentially misleading and must be interpreted cautiously. Pulmonary nodules in patients with rheumatoid arthritis clearly should be approached as possible carcinomas.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1983

Low dose oral methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: an uncontrolled trial and review of the literature.

New therapeutic alternatives are needed for patients with progressive RA unresponsive to gold or D-penicillamine. Azathioprine and cyclophosphamide can be effective but have been linked with the development of lymphoreticular malignancies. In an effort to exploit a less toxic agent, we have been impressed by the results and minimal toxicity of low dose oral MTX. Extensive application of this regimen in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis indicates that low dose MTX does not have an unusual risk for developing cancer. In addition, prior experience with other rheumatic disorders and preliminary studies on the mechanism of action suggest a potential value in RA. We present our initial retrospective results in 28 patients with refractory RA given low dose oral MTX over the past 2.5 yr. An apparent positive response was noted in 19 of these patients (67%) and is similar to the experience of other clinicians. At the same time, the toxicity has been low and, with one exception, amenable to dose modification. Methotrexate in various regimens is being increasingly employed in refractory RA. Issues concerning the pharmacology and potential toxicity are, therefore, important. These topics are reviewed with emphasis on low dose therapy and hepatotoxicity. Despite the encouraging preliminary results it is unclear whether MTX can prevent erosions or improve long-term function and quality of life in RA. There are still no controlled perspective studies comparing MTX to placebo or other immunosuppressive agents in RA. Although short-term toxicity is low, long-term toxicity, especially hepatic, is uncertain. As a result, a controlled, long-term prospective study is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Alcohol and sober mood state in female social drinkers.

The goals of the present study were to measure the relationship between alcohol consumption in 93 female social drinkers and their cognitive functioning and mood in the sober state, and to investigate the possible causal effects of alcohol consumption on these variables. In the first test session, a limited relationship was seen between previous alcohol consumption and sober cognitive performance. A strong relationship was found between alcohol consumption and self-reported depression and anger in the sober state. Either a prolonged reduction in alcohol consumption or a prolonged maintenance of alcohol consumption was undertaken by random subsets of the original sample. In the second test session 6 weeks later, women who had been randomly selected to reduce their alcohol intake showed decreases in depression, anger, and mental confusion when they were sober, relative to women who maintained or increased their alcohol consumption over the same period of time. We found no changes in cognitive performance in these groups. We concluded that the simplest explanation of the findings is that relatively low levels of alcohol consumption produce substantial increases in depression and anger in the sober state in female social drinkers. The value of considering alcohol consumption as a continuous variable rather than a dichotomous variable with "safe" and "unsafe" zones was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Anaesthetic emergency service at three hospitals--a decade of change.

The results of a 6-week survey of anaesthetic emergency work completed in 1978 are compared with those from an earlier survey in 1967. Three hospitals sampled, an undergraduate teaching hospital, a district general hospital and a specialized paediatric hospital. At all three hospitals emergency workload increased relative to the population served, with intensive therapy accounting for much of the extra demand. The consequences for the provision of an anaesthetic service are discussed.

Anesthesia Department, Hospital↗
PubMed1980

Alcohol and elaborative schemas for sentences.

Three experiments were conducted to determine whether alcohol-induced impairments of memory would be reduced by providing subjects with elaborative schemas. Anomalous sentences were presented to sober or intoxicated subjects either alone or with context words to facilitate comprehension. Memory was tested immediately with a yes-no recognition task. The results consistently showed that context words did not increase the number of hits in either sober or intoxicated subjects, and sober subjects made reliably more hits whether or not context words had been provided. The accuracy of recognition of distractors, however, was consistently improved by the presentation of context words, and was much more improved for intoxicated than for sober subjects. The results indicate that alcohol intoxication disrupted the production of elaborative schemas for understanding, but that intoxicated subjects were quite successful at utilizing such schemas as long as the schemas had been provided for them.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Fact and fantasy: the roles of accuracy and variability in confusing imaginations with perceptual experiences.

In Experiment 1, pictures were presented to subjects two, five, or eight times, and subjects were asked to imagine each pciture two, five, or eight times. Subsequently, subjects estimated the number of times each picture had been presented. Their estimates of the frequency of these external events were influenced by imagination trials; this effect was greater for good imagers than for poor imagers. Experiment 2 involved a similar design in which subjects were asked either to imagine the same referent for a word or to imagine a different referent for a word on successive imagination trials. Consistency (same referent) did not increase the influence of imaginations on immediate judgments of external frequency. Thus, the results of Experiment 1 were attributed to the greater accuracy (as opposed to greater consistency) of good imagers' internal generations of the stimuli. Furthermore, variation (imagining different referents), like greater accuracy, increased the effects of imagination trials on immediate but not on delayed judgments of frequency. Possible mechanisms underlying these effects are discussed. In general, the two studies show that qualitative characteristics of completely covert generations influence their impact on estimates of the frequency of external events.

Form Perception↗
PubMed1976

Cardio-respiratory changes during pneumoencephalography.

Carbon-respiratory changes associated with changes in posture and injection of intrathecal oxygen were studied in fifeen patients undergoing pneumoencephalography in a Phillips isocentric chair, while breathing spontaneously and anaesthetised with halothane in oxygen. Haemodynamic changes associated with changes in posture were of a minor nature. A rise in PaCO2 occurred in the prone position in two obese patients. There were significant rises in blood pressure following injection of more than 5 ml of oxygen as a bolus into the subarachnoid space.

Adult↗