Biomedical subjects

T Høien

Publications and source records attributed to T Høien.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2002

A randomised, controlled study of dietary intervention in autistic syndromes.

Impaired social interaction, communication and imaginative skills characterize autistic syndromes. In these syndromes urinary peptide abnormalities, derived from gluten, gliadin, and casein, are reported. They reflect processes with opioid effect. The aim of this single blind study was to evaluate effect of gluten and casein-free diet for children with autistic syndromes and urinary peptide abnormalities. A randomly selected diet and control group with 10 children in each group participated. Observations and tests were done before and after a period of 1 year. The development for the group of children on diet was significantly better than for the controls.

Autistic Disorder↗

PubMed1997

Dual-route and connectionist models: a step towards a combined model.

Current models of word recognition are mainly constructed within the frameworks of either dual-route or connectionist theories. The most important test of a word recognition model is how it succeeds in accounting for various reading behaviors. In the present paper dual-route and connectionist word recognition models are briefly described and evaluated. As a further development of these models, a combined framework is proposed. An amalgamation of the two main types of models might give a more satisfactory account of various phenomena within word recognition.

Child↗

PubMed1996

Lexical and nonlexical spelling deficits in dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Written spelling was assessed in 16 subjects with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) using an information processing approach. The results were compared to the performance in a group of healthy elderly subjects. The Alzheimer subjects scored significantly lower in word spelling and nonword spelling ability than the controls (F(1, 7) = 187, p < .0001), and both the lexical and the nonlexical spelling strategies were affected. The results did not support the hypothesis that nonlexical ability is preserved in DAT. In the DAT group, spelling correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with the severity of dementia, but spelling performance was not associated with the age of onset of dementia or family history of dementia.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Dyslexia, left-handedness, and immune disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To illuminate a possible three-way association between dyslexia, immune disorders, and left-handedness. Geschwind's, Behan's, and Galaburda's hypotheses have been of special interest in this connection. DESIGN: Statistical analysis based on general assessment of the prevalence of the three aforementioned conditions. PARTICIPANTS: There were 734 children included from a total of 1165 in grade 6 (about 12 years of age) in the municipality of Stavanger, Norway. SETTING: Educational and demographic statistics indicate that the municipality of Stavanger is representative of the national population at large regarding the three conditions examined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A screening test with high reliability and validity was used to assess reading ability. It measured word recognition and phonological decoding. The questionnaires that recorded the students' handedness and immune disorders were filled in by the parents. Handedness was assessed by a Norwegian version of the Oldfield Inventory. A questionnaire concerning allergies and asthma was used to assess the prevalence of immune disorders. RESULTS: The bivariate analyses disclosed a significant association between handedness and dyslexia and a significant but weak association between handedness and immune disorders. No significant association was found between dyslexia and immune disorders. A triadic analysis yielded the following: 66.7% of the left-handed dyslexic children had immune disorders (P > .05); 42.1% of the left-handed children with immune disorders had dyslexia (P < .01); and 32% of the dyslexic children with immune disorders were left-handed (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: There seems to be some association between dyslexia, left-handedness, and immune disorders. Of the three factors, handedness seems to be the most important association. The findings lend some support to the one interpretation of the hypotheses of Geschwind, Behan, and Galaburda.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Alexia in dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

The reading aloud of single words in 16 subjects with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) was compared with the performance of control subjects. The assessment included a computerised test-battery designed to assess word recognition ability and the efficiency of the two underlying reading strategies; the lexical and the non-lexical strategy. The DAT patients had severe difficulties in word recognition ability. Both accuracy score and reaction time were significantly impaired compared with the results in the control group. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that both the lexical and the non-lexical reading strategies were impaired. There was a significant correlation between reading performance and severity of dementia. However, no significant association between reading performance and age of onset or family history of dementia could be observed.

Age of Onset↗

PubMed1990

MRI evaluation of the size and symmetry of the planum temporale in adolescents with developmental dyslexia.

MRI technique was used to examine the size and symmetry of the plana temporale in 19 dyslexic students in grade 8 and in carefully matched control subjects. The results demonstrated a high frequency of planum symmetry among the dyslexics (70%) whereas symmetry was observed in only 30% of the control subjects. It was not possible to demonstrate any clear association between symmetry/asymmetry of planum temporale and handedness. Word-reading strategies among the dyslexics and control subjects were investigated with computerized tasks where accuracy and naming latency were recorded. All subjects with pure phonological deficits in reading had symmetrical plana temporale indicating a possible neuroanatomical basis for a characteristic symptom of linguistic processing deficiency in developmental dyslexia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Magnetic resonance imaging--a method of studying the size and asymmetry of the planum temporale.

The planum temporale is a triangular region on the upper surface of the temporal lobe. This area of the brain is important for language processing and shows a left-right asymmetry of size in most brains. Particular interest has been focused on the size and asymmetry of the planum temporale in brains of individuals with developmental dyslexia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a method that produces excellent morphological details of organic structures. We have developed an MRI method of studying the size and asymmetry of the planum temporale in human brains. Because of considerable variation of anatomical landmarks in this cortical region of the brain, an evaluation of asymmetry is not possible in all brains. Furthermore, our experience with this method indicates that any indirect imaging technique of studying asymmetry of the planum temporale must be evaluated with caution. With this in mind, however, MRI may give valuable anatomical information about the planum temporale in individuals with anomalous language function.

Humans↗

PubMed1989

[Dyslexia: a continuing developmental approach].

After reviewing the various theories trying to explain the different forms of dyslexia, the author attempts to show how studying the different stages in learning to read and the processes brought into play at each stage allow for a different approach to the problem. Based on work done by Utha Frith, the author sets out three main strategies that go together and follow each other in developing reading skills: recognizing sigh-symbols, sound units and spelling patterns. He analyzes the implied processes and considers six different kinds of dyslexia based on on-going genetic analysis. He suggests that this new approach toward dyslexia favors new tools in research and in creating support programs for dyslexic children.

Child↗